diff --git a/Doc/library/urlparse.rst b/Doc/library/urlparse.rst
index 22249da..0989c88 100644
--- a/Doc/library/urlparse.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/urlparse.rst
@@ -119,12 +119,22 @@ The :mod:`urlparse` module defines the following functions:
    See section :ref:`urlparse-result-object` for more information on the result
    object.
 
+   Characters in the :attr:`netloc` attribute that decompose under NFKC
+   normalization (as used by the IDNA encoding) into any of ``/``, ``?``,
+   ``#``, ``@``, or ``:`` will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. If the URL is
+   decomposed before parsing, or is not a Unicode string, no error will be
+   raised.
+
    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
       Added attributes to return value.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 2.7
       Added IPv6 URL parsing capabilities.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 2.7.17
+      Characters that affect netloc parsing under NFKC normalization will
+      now raise :exc:`ValueError`.
+
 
 .. function:: parse_qs(qs[, keep_blank_values[, strict_parsing[, max_num_fields]]])
 
@@ -232,11 +242,21 @@ The :mod:`urlparse` module defines the following functions:
    See section :ref:`urlparse-result-object` for more information on the result
    object.
 
+   Characters in the :attr:`netloc` attribute that decompose under NFKC
+   normalization (as used by the IDNA encoding) into any of ``/``, ``?``,
+   ``#``, ``@``, or ``:`` will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. If the URL is
+   decomposed before parsing, or is not a Unicode string, no error will be
+   raised.
+
    .. versionadded:: 2.2
 
    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
       Added attributes to return value.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 2.7.17
+      Characters that affect netloc parsing under NFKC normalization will
+      now raise :exc:`ValueError`.
+
 
 .. function:: urlunsplit(parts)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
index 4e1ded7..6fd1071 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urlparse.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 from test import test_support
+import sys
+import unicodedata
 import unittest
 import urlparse
 
@@ -624,6 +626,35 @@ class UrlParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(urlparse.urlparse("http://www.python.org:80"),
                 ('http','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
 
+    def test_urlsplit_normalization(self):
+        # Certain characters should never occur in the netloc,
+        # including under normalization.
+        # Ensure that ALL of them are detected and cause an error
+        illegal_chars = u'/:#?@'
+        hex_chars = {'{:04X}'.format(ord(c)) for c in illegal_chars}
+        denorm_chars = [
+            c for c in map(unichr, range(128, sys.maxunicode))
+            if (hex_chars & set(unicodedata.decomposition(c).split()))
+            and c not in illegal_chars
+        ]
+        # Sanity check that we found at least one such character
+        self.assertIn(u'\u2100', denorm_chars)
+        self.assertIn(u'\uFF03', denorm_chars)
+
+        # bpo-36742: Verify port separators are ignored when they
+        # existed prior to decomposition
+        urlparse.urlsplit(u'http://\u30d5\u309a:80')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            urlparse.urlsplit(u'http://\u30d5\u309a\ufe1380')
+
+        for scheme in [u"http", u"https", u"ftp"]:
+            for c in denorm_chars:
+                url = u"{}://netloc{}false.netloc/path".format(scheme, c)
+                if test_support.verbose:
+                    print "Checking %r" % url
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    urlparse.urlsplit(url)
+
 def test_main():
     test_support.run_unittest(UrlParseTestCase)
 
diff --git a/Lib/urlparse.py b/Lib/urlparse.py
index f7c2b03..f08e0fe 100644
--- a/Lib/urlparse.py
+++ b/Lib/urlparse.py
@@ -165,6 +165,24 @@ def _splitnetloc(url, start=0):
             delim = min(delim, wdelim)     # use earliest delim position
     return url[start:delim], url[delim:]   # return (domain, rest)
 
+def _checknetloc(netloc):
+    if not netloc or not isinstance(netloc, unicode):
+        return
+    # looking for characters like \u2100 that expand to 'a/c'
+    # IDNA uses NFKC equivalence, so normalize for this check
+    import unicodedata
+    n = netloc.rpartition('@')[2] # ignore anything to the left of '@'
+    n = n.replace(':', '')        # ignore characters already included
+    n = n.replace('#', '')        # but not the surrounding text
+    n = n.replace('?', '')
+    netloc2 = unicodedata.normalize('NFKC', n)
+    if n == netloc2:
+        return
+    for c in '/?#@:':
+        if c in netloc2:
+            raise ValueError("netloc '" + netloc + "' contains invalid " +
+                             "characters under NFKC normalization")
+
 def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
     """Parse a URL into 5 components:
     <scheme>://<netloc>/<path>?<query>#<fragment>
@@ -193,6 +211,7 @@ def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
                 url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
             if '?' in url:
                 url, query = url.split('?', 1)
+            _checknetloc(netloc)
             v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
             _parse_cache[key] = v
             return v
@@ -216,6 +235,7 @@ def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
         url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
     if '?' in url:
         url, query = url.split('?', 1)
+    _checknetloc(netloc)
     v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
     _parse_cache[key] = v
     return v