commit 42dda89dcb0407f6799dbfd0b9dab1529666ad51
Author: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Date:   Fri Dec 11 15:23:05 2020 -0300

    posix: Fix return value of system if shell can not be executed [BZ #27053]
    
    POSIX states that system returned code for failure to execute the shell
    shall be as if the shell had terminated using _exit(127).  This
    behaviour was removed with 5fb7fc96350575.
    
    Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.

diff --git a/stdlib/tst-system.c b/stdlib/tst-system.c
index 194e09828dd5c206..8681584f15ef3b47 100644
--- a/stdlib/tst-system.c
+++ b/stdlib/tst-system.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <support/check.h>
 #include <support/temp_file.h>
 #include <support/support.h>
+#include <support/xunistd.h>
 
 static char *tmpdir;
 static long int namemax;
@@ -138,6 +139,22 @@ do_test (void)
     support_capture_subprocess_check (&result, "system", 0, sc_allow_none);
   }
 
+  {
+    struct stat64 st;
+    xstat (_PATH_BSHELL, &st);
+    mode_t mode = st.st_mode;
+    xchmod (_PATH_BSHELL, mode & ~(S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH));
+
+    struct support_capture_subprocess result;
+    result = support_capture_subprocess (call_system,
+					 &(struct args) {
+					   "exit 1", 127, 0
+					 });
+    support_capture_subprocess_check (&result, "system", 0, sc_allow_none);
+
+    xchmod (_PATH_BSHELL, st.st_mode);
+  }
+
   TEST_COMPARE (system (""), 0);
 
   return 0;
diff --git a/support/Makefile b/support/Makefile
index 4875f52495ef292d..09b41b0d57e9239a 100644
--- a/support/Makefile
+++ b/support/Makefile
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ libsupport-routines = \
   xchroot \
   xclone \
   xclose \
+  xchmod \
   xconnect \
   xcopy_file_range \
   xdlfcn \
diff --git a/sysdeps/posix/system.c b/sysdeps/posix/system.c
index 7db09a05c3fbca43..047ded4badfddcab 100644
--- a/sysdeps/posix/system.c
+++ b/sysdeps/posix/system.c
@@ -171,6 +171,10 @@ do_system (const char *line)
       __libc_cleanup_region_end (0);
 #endif
     }
+  else
+   /* POSIX states that failure to execute the shell should return
+      as if the shell had terminated using _exit(127).  */
+   status = W_EXITCODE (127, 0);
 
   DO_LOCK ();
   if (SUB_REF () == 0)