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From 7bd31ce85b2ed377f495c31fcea2422a07739e24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Almond <malmond@fb.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2019 09:29:43 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/30] RPM with Copy on Write

This is part of https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RPMCoW

The majority of changes are in two new programs:

= rpm2extents

Modeled as a 'stream processor'. It reads a regular .rpm file on stdin,
and produces a modified .rpm file on stdout. The lead, signature and
headers are preserved 1:1 to allow all the normal metadata inspection,
signature verification to work as expected. Only the 'payload' is
modified.

The primary motivation for this tool is to re-organize the payload as a
sequence of raw file extents (hence the name). The files are organized
by their digest identity instead of path/filename. If any digest is
repeated, then the file is skipped/de-duped. Only regular files are
represented. All other entries like directories, symlinks, devices are
fully described in the headers and are omitted.

The files are padded so they start on `sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)` boundries
to permit 'reflink' syscalls to work in the `reflink` plugin.

At the end of the file is a footer with 3 sections:

1. List of calculated digests of the input stream. This is used in
   `librepo` because the file *written* is a derivative, and not the
   same as the repo metadata describes. `rpm2extents` takes one or more
   positional arguments that described which digest algorithms are
   desired. This is often just `SHA256`. This program is only measuring
   and recording the digest - it does not express an opinion on whether
   the file is correct. Due to the API on most compression libraries
   directly reading the source file, the whole file digest is measured
   using a subprocess and pipes. I don't love it, but it works.
2. Sorted List of file content digests + offset pairs. This is used in
   the plugin with a trivial binary search to locate the start of file
   content. The size is not needed because it's part of normal headers.
3. (offset of 1., offset of 2., 8 byte MAGIC value) triple

= reflink plugin

Looks for the 8 byte magic value at the end of the rpm file. If present
it alters the `RPMTAG_PAYLOADFORMAT` in memory to `clon`, and reads in
the digest-> offset table.

`rpmPackageFilesInstall()` in `fsm.c` is
modified to alter the enumeration strategy from
`rpmfiNewArchiveReader()` to `rpmfilesIter()` if not `cpio`. This is
needed because there is no cpio to enumerate. In the same function, if
`rpmpluginsCallFsmFilePre()` returns `RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS` then
`fsmMkfile()` is skipped as it is assumed the plugin did the work.

The majority of the work is in `reflink_fsm_file_pre()` - the per file
hook for RPM plugins. If the file enumerated in
`rpmPackageFilesInstall()` is a regular file, this function will look up
the offset in the digest->offset table and will try to reflink it, then
fall back to a regular copy. If reflinking does work: we will have
reflinked a whole number of pages, so we truncate the file to the
expected size. Therefore installing most files does involve two writes:
the reflink of the full size, then a fork/copy on write for the last
page worth.

If the file passed to `reflink_fsm_file_pre()` is anything other than a
regular file, it return `RPMRC_OK` so the normal mechanics of
`rpmPackageFilesInstall()` are used. That handles directories, symlinks
and other non file types.

= New API for internal use

1. `rpmReadPackageRaw()` is used within `rpm2extents` to read all the
   headers without trying to validate signatures. This eliminates the
   runtime dependency on rpmdb.
2. `rpmteFd()` exposes the Fd behind the rpmte, so plugins can interact
   with the rpm itself.
3. `RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS` in `rpmRC_e` for use in
   `rpmpluginsCallFsmFilePre()` specifically.
4. `pgpStringVal()` is used to help parse the command line in
   `rpm2extents` - the positional arguments are strings, and this
   converts the values back to the values in the table.

Nothing has been removed, and none of the changes are intended to be
used externally, so I don't think a soname bump is warranted here.
---
 Makefile.am         |   6 +-
 lib/depends.c       |   2 +
 lib/fsm.c           |  45 +++-
 lib/package.c       |  40 ++++
 lib/rpmlib.h        |   9 +
 lib/rpmplugins.c    |  21 +-
 lib/rpmte.c         |   5 +
 lib/rpmte.h         |   2 +
 lib/rpmtypes.h      |   3 +-
 macros.in           |   1 +
 plugins/Makefile.am |   4 +
 plugins/reflink.c   | 340 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 rpm2extents.c       | 519 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 rpmio/rpmpgp.c      |  10 +
 rpmio/rpmpgp.h      |   9 +
 15 files changed, 1004 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 plugins/reflink.c
 create mode 100644 rpm2extents.c

diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index e5c75d7b4..288668819 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pkginclude_HEADERS += build/rpmfc.h
 pkginclude_HEADERS += build/rpmspec.h
 
 
-bin_PROGRAMS =		rpm rpm2cpio rpmbuild rpmdb rpmkeys rpmsign rpmspec
+bin_PROGRAMS =		rpm rpm2cpio rpmbuild rpmdb rpmkeys rpmsign rpmspec rpm2extents
 if WITH_ARCHIVE
 bin_PROGRAMS += 	rpm2archive 
 endif
@@ -154,6 +154,10 @@ rpm2cpio_SOURCES =	rpm2cpio.c debug.h system.h
 rpm2cpio_LDADD =	lib/librpm.la rpmio/librpmio.la
 rpm2cpio_LDADD +=	@WITH_POPT_LIB@
 
+rpm2extents_SOURCES =	rpm2extents.c debug.h system.h
+rpm2extents_LDADD =	lib/librpm.la rpmio/librpmio.la
+rpm2extents_LDADD +=	@WITH_POPT_LIB@
+
 rpm2archive_SOURCES =	rpm2archive.c debug.h system.h
 rpm2archive_LDADD =	lib/librpm.la rpmio/librpmio.la
 rpm2archive_LDADD +=	@WITH_POPT_LIB@ @WITH_ARCHIVE_LIB@
diff --git a/lib/depends.c b/lib/depends.c
index 30234df3d..8998afcd3 100644
--- a/lib/depends.c
+++ b/lib/depends.c
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ static rpmRC headerCheckPayloadFormat(Header h) {
      */
     if (!payloadfmt) return rc;
 
+    if (rstreq(payloadfmt, "clon")) return rc;
+
     if (!rstreq(payloadfmt, "cpio")) {
         char *nevra = headerGetAsString(h, RPMTAG_NEVRA);
         if (payloadfmt && rstreq(payloadfmt, "drpm")) {
diff --git a/lib/fsm.c b/lib/fsm.c
index 935a0a5c6..90193c749 100644
--- a/lib/fsm.c
+++ b/lib/fsm.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <utime.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #if WITH_CAP
 #include <sys/capability.h>
 #endif
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "rpmio/rpmio_internal.h"	/* fdInit/FiniDigest */
 #include "lib/fsm.h"
+#include "lib/rpmlib.h"
 #include "lib/rpmte_internal.h"	/* XXX rpmfs */
 #include "lib/rpmplugins.h"	/* rpm plugins hooks */
 #include "lib/rpmug.h"
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ struct filedata_s {
     int stage;
     int setmeta;
     int skip;
+    int plugin_contents;
     rpmFileAction action;
     const char *suffix;
     char *fpath;
@@ -891,6 +894,14 @@ int rpmPackageFilesInstall(rpmts ts, rpmte te, rpmfiles files,
     struct filedata_s *fdata = xcalloc(fc, sizeof(*fdata));
     struct filedata_s *firstlink = NULL;
 
+    Header h = rpmteHeader(te);
+    const char *payloadfmt = headerGetString(h, RPMTAG_PAYLOADFORMAT);
+    bool cpio = true;
+
+    if (payloadfmt && rstreq(payloadfmt, "clon")) {
+	cpio = false;
+    }
+
     /* transaction id used for temporary path suffix while installing */
     rasprintf(&tid, ";%08x", (unsigned)rpmtsGetTid(ts));
 
@@ -911,12 +922,23 @@ int rpmPackageFilesInstall(rpmts ts, rpmte te, rpmfiles files,
 	/* Remap file perms, owner, and group. */
 	rc = rpmfiStat(fi, 1, &fp->sb);
 
-	setFileState(fs, fx);
 	fsmDebug(fp->fpath, fp->action, &fp->sb);
 
 	/* Run fsm file pre hook for all plugins */
 	rc = rpmpluginsCallFsmFilePre(plugins, fi, fp->fpath,
 				      fp->sb.st_mode, fp->action);
+	fp->plugin_contents = false;
+	switch (rc) {
+	case RPMRC_OK:
+	    setFileState(fs, fx);
+	    break;
+	case RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS:
+	    fp->plugin_contents = true;
+	    // reduce reads on cpio to this value. Could be zero if
+	    // this is from a hard link.
+	    rc = RPMRC_OK;
+	    break;
+	}
 	fp->stage = FILE_PRE;
     }
     fi = rpmfiFree(fi);
@@ -924,10 +946,14 @@ int rpmPackageFilesInstall(rpmts ts, rpmte te, rpmfiles files,
     if (rc)
 	goto exit;
 
-    fi = rpmfiNewArchiveReader(payload, files, RPMFI_ITER_READ_ARCHIVE);
-    if (fi == NULL) {
-        rc = RPMERR_BAD_MAGIC;
-        goto exit;
+    if (cpio) {
+	fi = rpmfiNewArchiveReader(payload, files, RPMFI_ITER_READ_ARCHIVE);
+	if (fi == NULL) {
+	    rc = RPMERR_BAD_MAGIC;
+	    goto exit;
+	}
+    } else {
+	fi = rpmfilesIter(files, RPMFI_ITER_FWD);
     }
 
     /* Detect and create directories not explicitly in package. */
@@ -969,8 +995,12 @@ int rpmPackageFilesInstall(rpmts ts, rpmte te, rpmfiles files,
 
             if (S_ISREG(fp->sb.st_mode)) {
 		if (rc == RPMERR_ENOENT) {
-		    rc = fsmMkfile(fi, fp, files, psm, nodigest,
-				   &firstlink, &firstlinkfile);
+		    if(fp->plugin_contents) {
+			rc = RPMRC_OK;
+		    }else {
+			rc = fsmMkfile(fi, fp, files, psm, nodigest,
+			    &firstlink, &firstlinkfile);
+		    }
 		}
             } else if (S_ISDIR(fp->sb.st_mode)) {
                 if (rc == RPMERR_ENOENT) {
@@ -1078,6 +1108,7 @@ int rpmPackageFilesInstall(rpmts ts, rpmte te, rpmfiles files,
     rpmswAdd(rpmtsOp(ts, RPMTS_OP_DIGEST), fdOp(payload, FDSTAT_DIGEST));
 
 exit:
+    h = headerFree(h);
     fi = rpmfiFree(fi);
     Fclose(payload);
     free(tid);
diff --git a/lib/package.c b/lib/package.c
index 281275029..90bd0d8a7 100644
--- a/lib/package.c
+++ b/lib/package.c
@@ -404,5 +404,45 @@ exit:
     return rc;
 }
 
+rpmRC rpmReadPackageRaw(FD_t fd, Header * sigp, Header * hdrp)
+{
+    char *msg = NULL;
+    hdrblob sigblob = hdrblobCreate();
+    hdrblob blob = hdrblobCreate();
+    Header h = NULL;
+    Header sigh = NULL;
+
+    rpmRC rc = rpmLeadRead(fd, &msg);
+    if (rc != RPMRC_OK)
+	goto exit;
+
+    rc = hdrblobRead(fd, 1, 0, RPMTAG_HEADERSIGNATURES, sigblob, &msg);
+    if (rc != RPMRC_OK)
+	goto exit;
+
+    rc = hdrblobRead(fd, 1, 1, RPMTAG_HEADERIMMUTABLE, blob, &msg);
+    if (rc != RPMRC_OK)
+	goto exit;
+
+    rc = hdrblobImport(sigblob, 0, &sigh, &msg);
+    if (rc)
+	goto exit;
 
+    rc = hdrblobImport(blob, 0, &h, &msg);
+    if (rc)
+	goto exit;
 
+    *sigp = headerLink(sigh);
+    *hdrp = headerLink(h);
+
+exit:
+    if (rc != RPMRC_OK && msg)
+	rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, "%s: %s\n", Fdescr(fd), msg);
+    hdrblobFree(sigblob);
+    hdrblobFree(blob);
+    headerFree(sigh);
+    headerFree(h);
+    free(msg);
+
+    return rc;
+}
diff --git a/lib/rpmlib.h b/lib/rpmlib.h
index 0879d04e5..a09ba0daf 100644
--- a/lib/rpmlib.h
+++ b/lib/rpmlib.h
@@ -155,6 +155,15 @@ rpmRC rpmReadHeader(rpmts ts, FD_t fd, Header *hdrp, char ** msg);
 rpmRC rpmReadPackageFile(rpmts ts, FD_t fd,
 		const char * fn, Header * hdrp);
 
+/** \ingroup header
+ * Return package signature, header from file handle, no verification.
+ * @param fd		file handle
+ * @param[out] sigp		address of header (or NULL)
+ * @param[out] hdrp		address of header (or NULL)
+ * @return		RPMRC_OK on success
+ */
+rpmRC rpmReadPackageRaw(FD_t fd, Header * sigp, Header * hdrp);
+
 /** \ingroup rpmtrans
  * Install source package.
  * @param ts		transaction set
diff --git a/lib/rpmplugins.c b/lib/rpmplugins.c
index 62d75c4cf..c5084d398 100644
--- a/lib/rpmplugins.c
+++ b/lib/rpmplugins.c
@@ -356,13 +356,28 @@ rpmRC rpmpluginsCallFsmFilePre(rpmPlugins plugins, rpmfi fi, const char *path,
     plugin_fsm_file_pre_func hookFunc;
     int i;
     rpmRC rc = RPMRC_OK;
+    rpmRC hook_rc;
 
     for (i = 0; i < plugins->count; i++) {
 	rpmPlugin plugin = plugins->plugins[i];
 	RPMPLUGINS_SET_HOOK_FUNC(fsm_file_pre);
-	if (hookFunc && hookFunc(plugin, fi, path, file_mode, op) == RPMRC_FAIL) {
-	    rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, "Plugin %s: hook fsm_file_pre failed\n", plugin->name);
-	    rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+	if (hookFunc) {
+	    hook_rc = hookFunc(plugin, fi, path, file_mode, op);
+	    if (hook_rc == RPMRC_FAIL) {
+		rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, "Plugin %s: hook fsm_file_pre failed\n", plugin->name);
+		rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+	    } else if (hook_rc == RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS && rc != RPMRC_FAIL) {
+		if (rc == RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS) {
+		    /*
+		    Another plugin already said it'd handle contents. It's undefined how
+		    these would combine, so treat this as a failure condition.
+		    */
+		    rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+		} else {
+		    /* Plugin will handle content */
+		    rc = RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS;
+		}
+	    }
 	}
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/rpmte.c b/lib/rpmte.c
index 3663604e7..d43dc41ad 100644
--- a/lib/rpmte.c
+++ b/lib/rpmte.c
@@ -423,6 +423,11 @@ FD_t rpmteSetFd(rpmte te, FD_t fd)
     return NULL;
 }
 
+FD_t rpmteFd(rpmte te)
+{
+    return (te != NULL ? te->fd : NULL);
+}
+
 fnpyKey rpmteKey(rpmte te)
 {
     return (te != NULL ? te->key : NULL);
diff --git a/lib/rpmte.h b/lib/rpmte.h
index 81acf7a19..6fc0a9f91 100644
--- a/lib/rpmte.h
+++ b/lib/rpmte.h
@@ -209,6 +209,8 @@ const char * rpmteNEVR(rpmte te);
  */
 const char * rpmteNEVRA(rpmte te);
 
+FD_t rpmteFd(rpmte te);
+
 /** \ingroup rpmte
  * Retrieve key from transaction element.
  * @param te		transaction element
diff --git a/lib/rpmtypes.h b/lib/rpmtypes.h
index e8e69b506..af2611e9e 100644
--- a/lib/rpmtypes.h
+++ b/lib/rpmtypes.h
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ typedef	enum rpmRC_e {
     RPMRC_NOTFOUND	= 1,	/*!< Generic not found code. */
     RPMRC_FAIL		= 2,	/*!< Generic failure code. */
     RPMRC_NOTTRUSTED	= 3,	/*!< Signature is OK, but key is not trusted. */
-    RPMRC_NOKEY		= 4	/*!< Public key is unavailable. */
+    RPMRC_NOKEY		= 4,	/*!< Public key is unavailable. */
+    RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS = 5     /*!< fsm_file_pre plugin is handling content */
 } rpmRC;
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/macros.in b/macros.in
index e90cefa9a..363252b0f 100644
--- a/macros.in
+++ b/macros.in
@@ -1143,6 +1143,7 @@ package or when debugging this package.\
 
 # Transaction plugin macros
 %__plugindir		%{_libdir}/rpm-plugins
+%__transaction_reflink		%{__plugindir}/reflink.so
 %__transaction_systemd_inhibit	%{__plugindir}/systemd_inhibit.so
 %__transaction_selinux		%{__plugindir}/selinux.so
 %__transaction_syslog		%{__plugindir}/syslog.so
diff --git a/plugins/Makefile.am b/plugins/Makefile.am
index 3a929d0ce..ad0d3bce7 100644
--- a/plugins/Makefile.am
+++ b/plugins/Makefile.am
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ prioreset_la_SOURCES = prioreset.c
 prioreset_la_LIBADD = $(top_builddir)/lib/librpm.la $(top_builddir)/rpmio/librpmio.la
 plugins_LTLIBRARIES += prioreset.la
 
+reflink_la_SOURCES = reflink.c
+reflink_la_LIBADD = $(top_builddir)/lib/librpm.la $(top_builddir)/rpmio/librpmio.la
+plugins_LTLIBRARIES += reflink.la
+
 syslog_la_SOURCES = syslog.c
 syslog_la_LIBADD = $(top_builddir)/lib/librpm.la $(top_builddir)/rpmio/librpmio.la
 plugins_LTLIBRARIES += syslog.la
diff --git a/plugins/reflink.c b/plugins/reflink.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7f19acd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/reflink.c
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+#include "system.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#include <linux/fs.h>        /* For FICLONE */
+#endif
+
+#include <rpm/rpmlog.h>
+#include "lib/rpmlib.h"
+#include "lib/rpmplugin.h"
+#include "lib/rpmte_internal.h"
+#include <rpm/rpmfileutil.h>
+#include "rpmio/rpmio_internal.h"
+
+
+#include "debug.h"
+
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+/* use hash table to remember inode -> ix (for rpmfilesFN(ix)) lookups */
+#undef HASHTYPE
+#undef HTKEYTYPE
+#undef HTDATATYPE
+#define HASHTYPE inodeIndexHash
+#define HTKEYTYPE rpm_ino_t
+#define HTDATATYPE int
+#include "lib/rpmhash.H"
+#include "lib/rpmhash.C"
+
+/*
+We use this in find to indicate a key wasn't found. This is an unrecoverable
+error, but we can at least show a decent error. 0 is never a valid offset
+because it's the offset of the start of the file.
+*/
+#define NOT_FOUND 0
+
+#define BUFFER_SIZE (1024 * 128)
+
+/* magic value at end of file (64 bits) that indicates this is a transcoded rpm */
+#define MAGIC 3472329499408095051
+
+struct reflink_state_s {
+  /* Stuff that's used across rpms */
+  long fundamental_block_size;
+  char *buffer;
+
+  /* stuff that's used/updated per psm */
+  uint32_t keys, keysize;
+
+  // table for current rpm, keys * (keysize + sizeof(rpm_loff_t))
+  unsigned char *table;
+  FD_t fd;
+  rpmfiles files;
+  inodeIndexHash inodeIndexes;
+};
+
+typedef struct reflink_state_s * reflink_state;
+
+static int inodeCmp(rpm_ino_t a, rpm_ino_t b)
+{
+    return (a != b);
+}
+
+static unsigned int inodeId(rpm_ino_t a)
+{
+    /* rpm_ino_t is uint32_t so maps safely to unsigned int */
+    return (unsigned int)a;
+}
+
+static rpmRC reflink_init(rpmPlugin plugin, rpmts ts) {
+  reflink_state state = rcalloc(1, sizeof(struct reflink_state_s));
+
+  /*
+  IOCTL-FICLONERANGE(2): ...Disk filesystems generally require the offset and
+  length arguments to be aligned to the fundamental block size.
+
+  The value of "fundamental block size" is directly related to the system's
+  page size, so we should use that.
+  */
+  state->fundamental_block_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+  state->buffer = rcalloc(1, BUFFER_SIZE);
+  rpmPluginSetData(plugin, state);
+
+  return RPMRC_OK;
+}
+
+static void reflink_cleanup(rpmPlugin plugin) {
+  reflink_state state = rpmPluginGetData(plugin);
+  free(state->buffer);
+  free(state);
+}
+
+static rpmRC reflink_psm_pre(rpmPlugin plugin, rpmte te) {
+    reflink_state state = rpmPluginGetData(plugin);
+    state->fd = rpmteFd(te);
+    if (state->fd == 0) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_DEBUG, _("reflink: fd = 0, no install\n"));
+      return RPMRC_OK;
+    }
+    rpm_loff_t current = Ftell(state->fd);
+    uint64_t magic;
+    if (Fseek(state->fd, -(sizeof(magic)), SEEK_END) < 0) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: failed to seek for magic\n"));
+      if (Fseek(state->fd, current, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        /* yes this gets a bit repetitive */
+        rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to seek back to original location\n"));
+      }
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    size_t len = sizeof(magic);
+    if (Fread(&magic, len, 1, state->fd) != len) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to read magic\n"));
+      if (Fseek(state->fd, current, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to seek back to original location\n"));
+      }
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (magic != MAGIC) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_DEBUG, _("reflink: not transcoded\n"));
+      if (Fseek(state->fd, current, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to seek back to original location\n"));
+        return RPMRC_FAIL;
+      }
+      return RPMRC_OK;
+    }
+    rpmlog(RPMLOG_DEBUG, _("reflink: *is* transcoded\n"));
+    Header h = rpmteHeader(te);
+
+    /* replace/add header that main fsm.c can read */
+    headerDel(h, RPMTAG_PAYLOADFORMAT);
+    headerPutString(h, RPMTAG_PAYLOADFORMAT, "clon");
+    headerFree(h);
+    state->files = rpmteFiles(te);
+    /* tail of file contains offset_table, offset_checksums
+       then magic
+    */
+    if (Fseek(state->fd, -(sizeof(rpm_loff_t) * 2 + sizeof(magic)), SEEK_END) < 0) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: failed to seek for tail %p\n"), state->fd);
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    rpm_loff_t table_start;
+    len = sizeof(table_start);
+    if (Fread(&table_start, len, 1, state->fd) != len) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to read table_start\n"));
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (Fseek(state->fd, table_start, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to seek to table_start\n"));
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    len = sizeof(state->keys);
+    if (Fread(&state->keys, len, 1, state->fd) != len) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to read number of keys\n"));
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    len = sizeof(state->keysize);
+    if (Fread(&state->keysize, len, 1, state->fd) != len) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to read keysize\n"));
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    rpmlog(RPMLOG_DEBUG, _("reflink: table_start=0x%lx, keys=%d, keysize=%d\n"), table_start, state->keys, state->keysize);
+    // now get digest table if there is a reason to have one.
+    if (state->keys == 0 || state->keysize == 0) {
+      // no files (or no digests(!))
+      state->table = NULL;
+    } else {
+      int table_size = state->keys * (state->keysize + sizeof(rpm_loff_t));
+      state->table = rcalloc(1, table_size);
+      if (Fread(state->table, table_size, 1, state->fd) != table_size) {
+        rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to read table\n"));
+        return RPMRC_FAIL;
+      }
+      state->inodeIndexes = inodeIndexHashCreate(state->keys, inodeId, inodeCmp, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+
+    // seek back to original location
+    // might not be needed if we seek to offset immediately
+    if (Fseek(state->fd, current, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+      rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to seek back to original location\n"));
+      return RPMRC_FAIL;
+    }
+    return RPMRC_OK;
+}
+
+static rpmRC reflink_psm_post(rpmPlugin plugin, rpmte te, int res)
+{
+    reflink_state state = rpmPluginGetData(plugin);
+    state->files = rpmfilesFree(state->files);
+    if (state->table) {
+      free(state->table);
+      state->table = NULL;
+    }
+    if (state->inodeIndexes) {
+      inodeIndexHashFree(state->inodeIndexes);
+      state->inodeIndexes = NULL;
+    }
+    return RPMRC_OK;
+}
+
+
+// have a prototype, warnings system
+rpm_loff_t find(const unsigned char *digest, reflink_state state);
+
+rpm_loff_t find(const unsigned char *digest, reflink_state state) {
+# if defined(__GNUC__)
+  /* GCC nested function because bsearch's comparison function can't access
+     state-keysize otherwise
+  */
+  int cmpdigest(const void *k1, const void *k2) {
+    rpmlog(RPMLOG_DEBUG, _("reflink: cmpdigest k1=%p k2=%p\n"), k1, k2);
+    return memcmp(k1, k2, state->keysize);
+  }
+# endif
+  rpmlog(RPMLOG_DEBUG, _("reflink: bsearch(key=%p, base=%p, nmemb=%d, size=%lu)\n"), digest, state->table, state->keys, state->keysize + sizeof(rpm_loff_t));
+  char *entry = bsearch(digest, state->table, state->keys, state->keysize + sizeof(rpm_loff_t), cmpdigest);
+  if (entry == NULL) {
+    return NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+  rpm_loff_t offset = *(rpm_loff_t *)(entry + state->keysize);
+  return offset;
+}
+
+static rpmRC reflink_fsm_file_pre(rpmPlugin plugin, rpmfi fi, const char* path, mode_t file_mode, rpmFsmOp op)
+{
+    struct file_clone_range fcr;
+    rpm_loff_t size;
+    int dst, rc;
+    int *hlix;
+
+    reflink_state state = rpmPluginGetData(plugin);
+    if (state->table == NULL) {
+        // no table means rpm is not in reflink format, so leave. Now.
+        return RPMRC_OK;
+    }
+    if (op == FA_TOUCH) {
+        // we're not overwriting an existing file
+        return RPMRC_OK;
+    }
+    fcr.dest_offset = 0;
+    if (S_ISREG(file_mode) && !(rpmfiFFlags(fi) & RPMFILE_GHOST)) {
+      rpm_ino_t inode = rpmfiFInode(fi);
+      /* check for hard link entry in table. GetEntry overwrites hlix with the address of the first match */
+      if (inodeIndexHashGetEntry(state->inodeIndexes, inode, &hlix, NULL, NULL)) {
+        // entry is in table, use hard link
+        char *fn = rpmfilesFN(state->files, hlix[0]);
+        if (link(fn, path) != 0) {
+          rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: Unable to hard link %s -> %s due to %s\n"), fn, path, strerror(errno));
+          free(fn);
+          return RPMRC_FAIL;
+        }
+        free(fn);
+        return RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS;
+      }
+      /* if we didn't hard link, then we'll track this inode as being created soon */
+      if (rpmfiFNlink(fi) > 1) {
+        /* minor optimization: only store files with more than one link */
+        inodeIndexHashAddEntry(state->inodeIndexes, inode, rpmfiFX(fi));
+      }
+      /* derived from wfd_open in fsm.c */
+      mode_t old_umask = umask(0577);
+      dst = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRUSR);
+      umask(old_umask);
+      if (dst == -1) {
+          rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: Unable to open %s for writing due to %s, flags = %x\n"), path, strerror(errno), rpmfiFFlags(fi));
+          return RPMRC_FAIL;
+      }
+      size = rpmfiFSize(fi);
+      if (size > 0) {
+          /* round src_length down to fundamental_block_size multiple */
+          fcr.src_length = size / state->fundamental_block_size * state->fundamental_block_size;
+          if ((size % state->fundamental_block_size) > 0) {
+              /* round up to next fundamental_block_size. We expect the data in the rpm to be similarly padded */
+              fcr.src_length += state->fundamental_block_size;
+          }
+          fcr.src_fd = Fileno(state->fd);
+          if (fcr.src_fd == -1) {
+            close(dst);
+            rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: src fd lookup failed\n"));
+            return RPMRC_FAIL;
+          }
+          fcr.src_offset = find(rpmfiFDigest(fi, NULL, NULL), state);
+          if (fcr.src_offset == NOT_FOUND) {
+            close(dst);
+            rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: digest not found\n"));
+            return RPMRC_FAIL;
+          }
+          rpmlog(RPMLOG_DEBUG, _("reflink: Reflinking %lu bytes at %lu to %s orig size=%lu, file=%ld\n"), fcr.src_length, fcr.src_offset, path, size, fcr.src_fd);
+          rc = ioctl(dst, FICLONERANGE, &fcr);
+          if (rc) {
+            rpmlog(RPMLOG_WARNING, _("reflink: falling back to copying bits for %s due to %d, %d = %s\n"), path, rc, errno, strerror(errno));
+            if (Fseek(state->fd, fcr.src_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+                close(dst);
+                rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: unable to seek on copying bits\n"));
+                return RPMRC_FAIL;
+            }
+            rpm_loff_t left = size;
+            size_t len, read, written;
+            while (left) {
+              len = (left > BUFFER_SIZE ? BUFFER_SIZE : left);
+              read = Fread(state->buffer, len, 1, state->fd);
+              if (read != len) {
+                close(dst);
+                rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: short read on copying bits\n"));
+                return RPMRC_FAIL;
+              }
+              written = write(dst, state->buffer, len);
+              if (read != written) {
+                close(dst);
+                rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: short write on copying bits\n"));
+                return RPMRC_FAIL;
+              }
+              left -= len;
+            }
+          } else {
+            /* reflink worked, so truncate */
+            rc = ftruncate(dst, size);
+            if (rc) {
+                rpmlog(RPMLOG_ERR, _("reflink: Unable to truncate %s to %ld due to %s\n"), path, size, strerror(errno));
+                return RPMRC_FAIL;
+            }
+          }
+      }
+      close(dst);
+      return RPMRC_PLUGIN_CONTENTS;
+    }
+    return RPMRC_OK;
+}
+
+struct rpmPluginHooks_s reflink_hooks = {
+    .init = reflink_init,
+    .cleanup = reflink_cleanup,
+    .psm_pre = reflink_psm_pre,
+    .psm_post = reflink_psm_post,
+    .fsm_file_pre = reflink_fsm_file_pre,
+};
diff --git a/rpm2extents.c b/rpm2extents.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5662b86a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rpm2extents.c
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+/* rpm2extents: convert payload to inline extents */
+
+#include "system.h"
+
+#include <rpm/rpmlib.h>		/* rpmReadPackageFile .. */
+#include <rpm/rpmfi.h>
+#include <rpm/rpmtag.h>
+#include <rpm/rpmio.h>
+#include <rpm/rpmpgp.h>
+
+#include <rpm/rpmts.h>
+#include "lib/rpmlead.h"
+#include "lib/signature.h"
+#include "lib/header_internal.h"
+#include "rpmio/rpmio_internal.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+
+/* hash of void * (pointers) to file digests to offsets within output.
+   The length of the key depends on what the FILEDIGESTALGO is.
+ */
+#undef HASHTYPE
+#undef HTKEYTYPE
+#undef HTDATATYPE
+#define HASHTYPE digestSet
+#define HTKEYTYPE const unsigned char *
+#include "lib/rpmhash.H"
+#include "lib/rpmhash.C"
+
+/* magic value at end of file (64 bits) that indicates this is a transcoded rpm */
+#define MAGIC 3472329499408095051
+
+struct digestoffset {
+    const unsigned char * digest;
+    rpm_loff_t pos;
+};
+
+rpm_loff_t pad_to(rpm_loff_t pos, rpm_loff_t unit);
+
+rpm_loff_t pad_to(rpm_loff_t pos, rpm_loff_t unit)
+{
+    return (unit - (pos % unit)) % unit;
+}
+
+static int digestor(
+    FD_t fdi,
+    FD_t fdo,
+    FD_t validationo,
+    uint8_t algos[],
+    uint32_t algos_len
+)
+{
+    ssize_t fdilength;
+    const char *filedigest, *algo_name;
+    size_t filedigest_len, len;
+    uint32_t algo_name_len, algo_digest_len;
+    int algo;
+    rpmRC rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+
+    for (algo = 0; algo < algos_len; algo++)
+    {
+        fdInitDigest(fdi, algos[algo], 0);
+    }
+    fdilength = ufdCopy(fdi, fdo);
+    if (fdilength == -1)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("digest cat failed\n"));
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    len = sizeof(fdilength);
+    if (Fwrite(&fdilength, len, 1, validationo) != len)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write input length %zd\n"), fdilength);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    len = sizeof(algos_len);
+    if (Fwrite(&algos_len, len, 1, validationo) != len)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write number of validation digests\n"));
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    for (algo = 0; algo < algos_len; algo++)
+    {
+        fdFiniDigest(fdi, algos[algo], (void **)&filedigest, &filedigest_len, 0);
+
+        algo_name = pgpValString(PGPVAL_HASHALGO, algos[algo]);
+        algo_name_len = (uint32_t)strlen(algo_name);
+        algo_digest_len = (uint32_t)filedigest_len;
+
+        len = sizeof(algo_name_len);
+        if (Fwrite(&algo_name_len, len, 1, validationo) != len)
+        {
+            fprintf(
+                stderr,
+                _("Unable to write validation algo name length\n")
+            );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        len = sizeof(algo_digest_len);
+        if (Fwrite(&algo_digest_len, len, 1, validationo) != len)
+        {
+            fprintf(
+                stderr,
+                _("Unable to write number of bytes for validation digest\n")
+            );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (Fwrite(algo_name, algo_name_len, 1, validationo) != algo_name_len)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write validation algo name\n"));
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (
+            Fwrite(
+                filedigest,
+                algo_digest_len,
+                1,
+                validationo
+            ) != algo_digest_len
+        )
+        {
+            fprintf(
+                stderr,
+                _("Unable to write validation digest value %u, %zu\n"),
+                algo_digest_len,
+                filedigest_len
+            );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    rc = RPMRC_OK;
+exit:
+    return rc;
+}
+
+static rpmRC process_package(FD_t fdi, FD_t validationi)
+{
+    uint32_t diglen;
+    /* GNU C extension: can use diglen from outer context */
+    int digestSetCmp(const unsigned char * a, const unsigned char * b)
+    {
+        return memcmp(a, b, diglen);
+    }
+
+    unsigned int digestSetHash(const unsigned char * digest)
+    {
+        /* assumes sizeof(unsigned int) < diglen */
+        return *(unsigned int *)digest;
+    }
+
+    int digestoffsetCmp(const void * a, const void * b)
+    {
+        return digestSetCmp(
+            ((struct digestoffset *)a)->digest,
+            ((struct digestoffset *)b)->digest
+        );
+    }
+
+    FD_t fdo;
+    FD_t gzdi;
+    Header h, sigh;
+    long fundamental_block_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+    rpmRC rc = RPMRC_OK;
+    rpm_mode_t mode;
+    char *rpmio_flags = NULL, *zeros;
+    const unsigned char *digest;
+    rpm_loff_t pos, size, pad, validation_pos;
+    uint32_t offset_ix = 0;
+    size_t len;
+    int next = 0;
+
+    fdo = fdDup(STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+    if (rpmReadPackageRaw(fdi, &sigh, &h))
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Error reading package\n"));
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (rpmLeadWrite(fdo, h))
+    {
+        fprintf(
+            stderr,
+            _("Unable to write package lead: %s\n"),
+            Fstrerror(fdo)
+        );
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (rpmWriteSignature(fdo, sigh))
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write signature: %s\n"), Fstrerror(fdo));
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (headerWrite(fdo, h, HEADER_MAGIC_YES))
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write headers: %s\n"), Fstrerror(fdo));
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    /* Retrieve payload size and compression type. */
+    {	const char *compr = headerGetString(h, RPMTAG_PAYLOADCOMPRESSOR);
+        rpmio_flags = rstrscat(NULL, "r.", compr ? compr : "gzip", NULL);
+    }
+
+    gzdi = Fdopen(fdi, rpmio_flags);	/* XXX gzdi == fdi */
+    free(rpmio_flags);
+
+    if (gzdi == NULL)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("cannot re-open payload: %s\n"), Fstrerror(gzdi));
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    rpmfiles files = rpmfilesNew(NULL, h, 0, RPMFI_KEEPHEADER);
+    rpmfi fi = rpmfiNewArchiveReader(
+        gzdi,
+        files,
+        RPMFI_ITER_READ_ARCHIVE_CONTENT_FIRST
+    );
+
+    /* this is encoded in the file format, so needs to be fixed size (for
+        now?)
+    */
+    diglen = (uint32_t)rpmDigestLength(rpmfiDigestAlgo(fi));
+    digestSet ds = digestSetCreate(
+        rpmfiFC(fi),
+        digestSetHash,
+        digestSetCmp,
+        NULL
+    );
+    struct digestoffset offsets[rpmfiFC(fi)];
+    pos = RPMLEAD_SIZE + headerSizeof(sigh, HEADER_MAGIC_YES);
+
+    /* main headers are aligned to 8 byte boundry */
+    pos += pad_to(pos, 8);
+    pos += headerSizeof(h, HEADER_MAGIC_YES);
+
+    zeros = xcalloc(fundamental_block_size, 1);
+
+    while (next >= 0)
+    {
+        next = rpmfiNext(fi);
+        if (next == RPMERR_ITER_END)
+        {
+            rc = RPMRC_OK;
+            break;
+        }
+        mode = rpmfiFMode(fi);
+        if (!S_ISREG(mode) || !rpmfiArchiveHasContent(fi))
+        {
+            /* not a regular file, or the archive doesn't contain any content for
+               this entry
+            */
+            continue;
+        }
+        digest = rpmfiFDigest(fi, NULL, NULL);
+        if (digestSetGetEntry(ds, digest, NULL))
+        {
+            /* This specific digest has already been included, so skip it */
+            continue;
+        }
+        pad = pad_to(pos, fundamental_block_size);
+        if (Fwrite(zeros, sizeof(char), pad, fdo) != pad)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write padding\n"));
+            rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        /* round up to next fundamental_block_size */
+        pos += pad;
+        digestSetAddEntry(ds, digest);
+        offsets[offset_ix].digest = digest;
+        offsets[offset_ix].pos = pos;
+        offset_ix++;
+        size = rpmfiFSize(fi);
+        rc = rpmfiArchiveReadToFile(fi, fdo, 0);
+        if (rc != RPMRC_OK)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, _("rpmfiArchiveReadToFile failed with %d\n"), rc);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        pos += size;
+    }
+    Fclose(gzdi);	/* XXX gzdi == fdi */
+
+    qsort(
+        offsets,
+        (size_t)offset_ix,
+        sizeof(struct digestoffset),
+        digestoffsetCmp
+    );
+
+    len = sizeof(offset_ix);
+    if (Fwrite(&offset_ix, len, 1, fdo) != len)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write length of table\n"));
+        rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    len = sizeof(diglen);
+    if (Fwrite(&diglen, len, 1, fdo) != len)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write length of digest\n"));
+        rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    len = sizeof(rpm_loff_t);
+    for (int x = 0; x < offset_ix; x++)
+    {
+        if (Fwrite(offsets[x].digest, diglen, 1, fdo) != diglen)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write digest\n"));
+            rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (Fwrite(&offsets[x].pos, len, 1, fdo) != len)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write offset\n"));
+            rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    validation_pos = (
+        pos + sizeof(offset_ix) + sizeof(diglen) +
+        offset_ix * (diglen + sizeof(rpm_loff_t))
+    );
+
+    ssize_t validation_len = ufdCopy(validationi, fdo);
+    if (validation_len == -1)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("digest table ufdCopy failed\n"));
+        rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    /* add more padding so the last file can be cloned. It doesn't matter that
+       the table and validation etc are in this space. In fact, it's pretty
+       efficient if it is
+    */
+
+    pad = pad_to(
+        (
+            validation_pos + validation_len + 2 * sizeof(rpm_loff_t) +
+            sizeof(uint64_t)
+        ),
+        fundamental_block_size
+    );
+    if (Fwrite(zeros, sizeof(char), pad, fdo) != pad)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write final padding\n"));
+        rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    zeros = _free(zeros);
+    if (Fwrite(&pos, len, 1, fdo) != len)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write offset of digest table\n"));
+        rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if (Fwrite(&validation_pos, len, 1, fdo) != len)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write offset of validation table\n"));
+        rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    uint64_t magic = MAGIC;
+    len = sizeof(magic);
+    if (Fwrite(&magic, len, 1, fdo) != len)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Unable to write magic\n"));
+        rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+exit:
+    rpmfilesFree(files);
+    rpmfiFree(fi);
+    headerFree(h);
+    return rc;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    rpmRC rc;
+    int cprc = 0;
+    uint8_t algos[argc - 1];
+    int mainpipefd[2];
+    int metapipefd[2];
+    pid_t cpid, w;
+    int wstatus;
+
+    xsetprogname(argv[0]);	/* Portability call -- see system.h */
+    rpmReadConfigFiles(NULL, NULL);
+
+    if (argc > 1 && (rstreq(argv[1], "-h") || rstreq(argv[1], "--help")))
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [DIGESTALGO]...\n"), argv[0]);
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (argc == 1)
+    {
+        fprintf(
+            stderr,
+            _("Need at least one DIGESTALGO parameter, e.g. 'SHA256'\n")
+        );
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < (argc - 1); x++)
+    {
+        if (pgpStringVal(PGPVAL_HASHALGO, argv[x + 1], &algos[x]) != 0)
+        {
+            fprintf(
+                stderr,
+                _("Unable to resolve '%s' as a digest algorithm, exiting\n"),
+                argv[x + 1]
+            );
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    if (pipe(mainpipefd) == -1)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Main pipe failure\n"));
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    if (pipe(metapipefd) == -1)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, _("Meta pipe failure\n"));
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    cpid = fork();
+    if (cpid == 0)
+    {
+        /* child: digestor */
+        close(mainpipefd[0]);
+        close(metapipefd[0]);
+        FD_t fdi = fdDup(STDIN_FILENO);
+        FD_t fdo = fdDup(mainpipefd[1]);
+        FD_t validationo = fdDup(metapipefd[1]);
+        rc = digestor(fdi, fdo, validationo, algos, argc - 1);
+        Fclose(validationo);
+        Fclose(fdo);
+        Fclose(fdi);
+    } else {
+        /* parent: main program */
+        close(mainpipefd[1]);
+        close(metapipefd[1]);
+        FD_t fdi = fdDup(mainpipefd[0]);
+        FD_t validationi = fdDup(metapipefd[0]);
+        rc = process_package(fdi, validationi);
+        Fclose(validationi);
+        /* fdi is normally closed through the stacked file gzdi in the function. */
+        /* wait for child process (digestor for stdin) to complete. */
+        if (rc != RPMRC_OK)
+        {
+            if (kill(cpid, SIGTERM) != 0)
+            {
+                fprintf(
+                    stderr,
+                    _("Failed to kill digest process when main process failed: %s\n"),
+                    strerror(errno)
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        w = waitpid(cpid, &wstatus, 0);
+        if (w == -1)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, _("waitpid failed\n"));
+            cprc = EXIT_FAILURE;
+        } else if (WIFEXITED(wstatus))
+        {
+            cprc = WEXITSTATUS(wstatus);
+            if (cprc != 0)
+            {
+                fprintf(
+                    stderr,
+                    _("Digest process non-zero exit code %d\n"),
+                    cprc
+                );
+            }
+        } else if (WIFSIGNALED(wstatus))
+        {
+            fprintf(
+                stderr,
+                _("Digest process was terminated with a signal: %d\n"),
+                WTERMSIG(wstatus)
+            );
+            cprc = EXIT_FAILURE;
+        } else
+        {
+            /* don't think this can happen, but covering all bases */
+            fprintf(stderr, _("Unhandled circumstance in waitpid\n"));
+            cprc = EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+        if (cprc != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            rc = RPMRC_FAIL;
+        }
+    }
+    if (rc != RPMRC_OK)
+    {
+        /* translate rpmRC into generic failure return code. */
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/rpmio/rpmpgp.c b/rpmio/rpmpgp.c
index 015c15a5c..7b972b4a6 100644
--- a/rpmio/rpmpgp.c
+++ b/rpmio/rpmpgp.c
@@ -283,6 +283,16 @@ int pgpValTok(pgpValTbl vs, const char * s, const char * se)
     return vs->val;
 }
 
+int pgpStringVal(pgpValType type, const char *str, uint8_t *val)
+{
+    pgpValTbl tbl = pgpValTable(type);
+    if (tbl == NULL) return -1;
+    int v = pgpValTok(tbl, str, str + strlen(str));
+    if (v == -1) return -1;
+    *val = (uint8_t)v;
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /** \ingroup rpmpgp
  * Decode length from 1, 2, or 5 octet body length encoding, used in
  * new format packet headers and V4 signature subpackets.
diff --git a/rpmio/rpmpgp.h b/rpmio/rpmpgp.h
index c53e29b01..2b57318ba 100644
--- a/rpmio/rpmpgp.h
+++ b/rpmio/rpmpgp.h
@@ -973,6 +973,15 @@ typedef rpmFlags rpmDigestFlags;
  */
 const char * pgpValString(pgpValType type, uint8_t val);
 
+/** \ingroup rpmpgp
+ * Return  OpenPGP value for a string.
+ * @param type		type of value
+ * @param str		string to lookup
+ * @param[out] val  byte value associated with string
+ * @return		0 on success else -1
+ */
+int pgpStringVal(pgpValType type, const char *str, uint8_t *val);
+
 /** \ingroup rpmpgp
  * Return (native-endian) integer from big-endian representation.
  * @param s		pointer to big-endian integer
-- 
2.35.1