| % Verbatim copy of GNU Free Documentation License. The License under |
| % which this document is released. |
| \chapter{GNU Free Documentation License} |
| \hypertarget{cha:Licenses:GFDL}{} |
| \label{cha:Licenses:GFDL} |
| |
| Version 1.2, November 2002 |
| \\ |
| \\ |
| Copyright \copyright\ 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| \\ |
| 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA |
| \\ |
| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this |
| license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| |
| \section*{Preamble} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-0} |
| |
| The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to |
| assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
| with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
| Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
| to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
| for modifications made by others. |
| |
| This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative |
| works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| license designed for free software. |
| |
| We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| |
| \section{Applicability And Definitions} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-1} |
| |
| This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
| contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
| distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
| world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
| work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, |
| refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
| licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you |
| copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
| under copyright law. |
| |
| A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the |
| Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| |
| A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
| the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
| subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
| directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
| part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
| any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| them. |
| |
| The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
| section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
| allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
| Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
| Sections then there are none. |
| |
| The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
| be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
| |
| A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
| straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
| or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
| An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
| of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. |
| |
| Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, \LaTeX\ input format, SGML |
| or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
| HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
| transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats |
| include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by |
| proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
| processing tools are not generally available, and the |
| machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
| processors for output purposes only. |
| |
| The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means |
| the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| |
| A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose |
| title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
| text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
| specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', |
| ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the |
| Title'' of such a section when you modify the Document means that it |
| remains a section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. |
| |
| The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
| states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
| Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
| License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
| implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
| no effect on the meaning of this License. |
| |
| \section{Verbatim Copying} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-2} |
| |
| You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no |
| other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section |
| \ref{sec:License-GFDL-3}. |
| |
| You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| you may publicly display copies. |
| |
| \section{Copying In Quantity} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-3} |
| |
| If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
| printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
| Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
| copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| |
| If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| pages. |
| |
| If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
| public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
| a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
| If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
| when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
| that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
| location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
| Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
| edition to the public. |
| |
| It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to |
| give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the |
| Document. |
| |
| \section{Modifications} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-4} |
| |
| You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| the conditions of sections \ref{sec:License-GFDL-2} and |
| \ref{sec:License-GFDL-3} above, provided that you release the Modified |
| Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version |
| filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and |
| modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of |
| it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| |
| \begin{itemize} |
| |
| \item [A.] Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title |
| distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous |
| versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History |
| section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous |
| version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| |
| \item [B.] List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or |
| entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the |
| Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors |
| of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than |
| five), unless they release you from this requirement. |
| |
| \item [C.] State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| |
| \item [D.] Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| |
| \item [E.] Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| |
| \item [F.] Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license |
| notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under |
| the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| |
| \item [G.] Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant |
| Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license |
| notice. |
| |
| \item [H.] Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| |
| \item [I.] Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its |
| Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new |
| authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title |
| Page. If there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, |
| create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the |
| Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the |
| Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| |
| \item [J.] Preserve the network location, if any, given in the |
| Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and |
| likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous |
| versions it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' |
| section. You may omit a network location for a work that was |
| published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the |
| original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| |
| \item [K.] For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or |
| ``Dedications'', Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in |
| the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor |
| acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. |
| |
| \item [L.] Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the |
| equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| |
| \item [M.] Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a |
| section may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| |
| \item [N.] Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled |
| ``Endorsements'' or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| |
| \item [O.] Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
| \end{itemize} |
| |
| If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| |
| You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains |
| nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| standard. |
| |
| You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| |
| The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| |
| \section{Combining Documents} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-5} |
| |
| You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| License, under the terms defined in section \ref{sec:License-GFDL-4} |
| above for modified versions, provided that you include in the |
| combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original |
| documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your |
| combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their |
| Warranty Disclaimers. |
| |
| The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| |
| In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' |
| in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
| ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled |
| ``Acknowledgements'', |
| and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections |
| Entitled ``Endorsements''. |
| |
| \section{Collections Of Documents} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-6} |
| |
| You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other |
| documents released under this License, and replace the individual |
| copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy |
| that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules |
| of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all |
| other respects. |
| |
| You may extract a single document from such a collection, and |
| distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a |
| copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this |
| License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that |
| document. |
| |
| \section{Aggregation With Independent Works} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-7} |
| |
| A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright |
| resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
| of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
| When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
| apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
| derivative works of the Document. |
| |
| If the Cover Text requirement of section \ref{sec:License-GFDL-3} is |
| applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is |
| less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts |
| may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the |
| aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is |
| in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that |
| bracket the whole aggregate. |
| |
| \section{Translation} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-8} |
| |
| Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section |
| \ref{sec:License-GFDL-4}. Replacing Invariant Sections with |
| translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, |
| but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in |
| addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You |
| may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices |
| in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also |
| include the original English version of this License and the original |
| versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement |
| between the translation and the original version of this License or a |
| notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
| |
| If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', |
| ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section |
| \ref{sec:License-GFDL-4}) to Preserve its Title (section |
| \ref{sec:License-GFDL-1}) will typically require changing the actual |
| title. |
| |
| \section{Termination} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-9} |
| |
| You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
| except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other |
| attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is |
| void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
| However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under |
| this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| parties remain in full compliance. |
| |
| \section{Future Revisions Of This License} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-10} |
| |
| The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the |
| GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions |
| will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in |
| detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| \url{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. |
| |
| Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of |
| following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| |
| \section{How to use this License for your documents} |
| \label{sec:License-GFDL-11} |
| |
| To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| license notices just after the title page: |
| |
| \begin{verbatim} |
| Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
| |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this |
| document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, |
| Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software |
| Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, |
| and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in |
| the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. |
| \end{verbatim} |
| |
| If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover |
| Texts, replace the ``with...Texts''. line with this: |
| |
| \begin{verbatim} |
| with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
| Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts |
| being LIST. |
| \end{verbatim} |
| |
| If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
| combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
| situation. |
| |
| If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to |
| permit their use in free software. |
| |
| |