Blob Blame History Raw
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<appendix id="licenses-gpl" xreflabel="GNU General Public License"> 

    <title>GNU General Public License</title>

    <para>Version 2, June 1991</para>

    <para>Copyright &copy; 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</para>

    <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
    of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gpl-0" xreflabel="Preamble">

    <title>Preamble</title>

    <para>The licenses for most software are designed to take away
    your freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General
    Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and
    change free software&ndash;to make sure the software is free for
    all its users.  This General Public License applies to most of the
    Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose
    authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation
    software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License
    instead.)  You can apply it to your programs, too.</para>

    <para>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom,
    not price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure
    that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software
    (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source
    code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the
    software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you
    know you can do these things.</para>

    <para>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that
    forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender
    the rights.  These restrictions translate to certain
    responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software,
    or if you modify it.</para>

    <para>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program,
    whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the
    rights that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
    or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so
    they know their rights.</para>

    <para>We protect your rights with two steps:
    
    <orderedlist numeration="arabic">
        <listitem>
            <para>copyright the software, and</para> 
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
            <para>offer you this license which gives you legal
            permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the
            software.</para>
        </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
    </para>

    <para>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
    certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for
    this free software.  If the software is modified by someone else
    and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have
    is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others
    will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.</para>

    <para>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by
    software patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors
    of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in
    effect making the program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have
    made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free
    use or not licensed at all.</para>

    <para>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution
    and modification follow.</para> 

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gpl-1">

    <title>Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution and Modification</title>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-1" xreflabel="Section 1">
            
        <title>Section 1</title>
            
        <para>You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
        Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,
        provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on
        each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of
        warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
        License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
        recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with
        the Program.</para>
            
        <para>You may charge a fee for the physical act of
        transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
        protection in exchange for a fee.</para>
            
        </sect2>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-2" xreflabel="Section 2">
            
            <title>Section 2</title>
            
            <para>You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or
            any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
            Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
            work under the terms of <xref linkend="licenses-gpl-1-1"
            /> above, provided that you also meet all of these
            conditions:</para>
            
            <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
            <listitem>
            <para>You must cause the modified files to carry prominent
            notices stating that you changed the files and the date of
            any change.</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
            <para>You must cause any work that you distribute or
            publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived
            from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a
            whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of
            this License.</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
            <para>If the modified program normally reads commands
            interactively when run, you must cause it, when started
            running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way,
            to print or display an announcement including an
            appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no
            warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and
            that users may redistribute the program under these
            conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of
            this License.  
            
            <note>
            <title>Exception</title>
            <para>
            If the Program itself is interactive but does not
            normally print such an announcement, your work based
            on the Program is not required to print an
            announcement.
            </para>
            </note>
            </para>
            </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
            
            <para>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.
            If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
            Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
            works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not
            apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate
            works.  But when you distribute the same sections as part of a
            whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of
            the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
            for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each
            and every part regardless of who wrote it.</para>
            
            <para>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights
            or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather,
            the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
            derivative or collective works based on the Program.</para>
            
            <para>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on
            the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program)
            on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the
            other work under the scope of this License.</para>
            
        </sect2>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-3" xreflabel="Section 3">
            
            <title>Section 3</title>
            
            <para>You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work
            based on it, under <xref linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" />) in
            object code or executable form under the terms of <xref
            linkend="licenses-gpl-1-1" /> and <xref
            linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" /> above provided that you also
            do one of the following:
            
            <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
            <listitem>
            
            <para> Accompany it with the complete corresponding
            machine-readable source code, which must be distributed
            under the terms of <xref linkend="licenses-gpl-1-1" /> and
            <xref linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" /> above on a medium
            customarily used for software interchange; or,</para>
            
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
            
            <para>Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
            least three years, to give any third party, for a charge
            no more than your cost of physically performing source
            distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the
            corresponding source code, to be distributed under the
            terms of <xref linkend="licenses-gpl-1-1" /> and <xref
            linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" /> above on a medium
            customarily used for software interchange; or,</para>
            
            <para>Accompany it with the information you received as
            to the offer to distribute corresponding source code.
            (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial
            distribution and only if you received the program in
            object code or executable form with such an offer, in
            accord with Subsection b above.)</para>
            
            </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
            </para>
            
            <para>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the
            work for making modifications to it.  For an executable work,
            complete source code means all the source code for all modules it
            contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the
            scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
            executable.  However, as a special exception, the source code
            distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed
            (in either source or binary form) with the major components
            (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the
            executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
            executable.</para>
            
            <para>If distribution of executable or object code is made by
            offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering
            equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place
            counts as distribution of the source code, even though third
            parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object
            code.</para>
            
        </sect2>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-4" xreflabel="Section 4">
            
            <title>Section 4</title>
            
            <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
            Program except as expressly provided under this License.  Any
            attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
            Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
            under this License.  However, parties who have received copies, or
            rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
            terminated so long as such parties remain in full
            compliance.</para>
            
        </sect2>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-5" xreflabel="Section 5">
            
            <title>Section 5</title>
            
            <para>You are not required to accept this License, since you have
            not signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to
            modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These
            actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
            Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
            based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
            License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
            distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.</para>
            
        </sect2>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-6" xreflabel="Section 6">
       
            <title>Section 6</title>
            
            <para>Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on
            the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from
            the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program
            subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any
            further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
            granted herein.  You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
            by third parties to this License.</para>
            
       </sect2>

       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-7" xreflabel="Section 7">
            
            <title>Section 7</title>
            
            <para>If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of
            patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
            issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
            agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
            License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
            License.  If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
            your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
            obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
            Program at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit
            royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
            receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only
            way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
            entirely from distribution of the Program.</para>
            
            <para>If any portion of this section is held invalid or
            unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of
            the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is
            intended to apply in other circumstances.</para>
            
            <para>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
            infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest
            validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of
            protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system,
            which is implemented by public license practices.  Many people
            have made generous contributions to the wide range of software
            distributed through that system in reliance on consistent
            application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide
            if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other
            system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.</para>
            
            <para>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is
            believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.</para>
            
        </sect2>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-8" xreflabel="Section 8">
            
            <title>Section 8</title>
            
            <para>If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted
            in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted
            interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program
            under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution
            limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is
            permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such
            case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in
            the body of this License.</para>
            
       </sect2>

       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-9" xreflabel="Section 9">
            
            <title>Section 9</title>
            
            <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
            versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such
            new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
            may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.</para>
            
            <para>Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If
            the Program specifies a version number of this License which
            applies to it and <quote>any later version</quote>, you have the
            option of following the terms and conditions either of that
            version or of any later version published by the Free Software
            Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
            this License, you may choose any version ever published by the
            Free Software Foundation.</para>
            
       </sect2>

       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-10" xreflabel="Section 10">

       <title>Section 10</title>
            
            <para>If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other
            free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write
            to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is
            copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
            Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our
            decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free
            status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting
            the sharing and reuse of software generally.</para>
            
       </sect2>

        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-11" xreflabel="NO WARRANTY">
            
       <title>NO WARRANTY</title>
       <subtitle>Section 11</subtitle>
            
            <para>BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
            WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
            LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
            HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM <quote>AS IS</quote> WITHOUT
            WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT
            NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
            FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
            QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
            PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
            SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</para>
            
       </sect2>

       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-12" xreflabel="Section 12">
            
            <title>Section 12</title>
            
            <para>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO
            IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
            MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
            LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
            INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
            INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
            DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
            OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
            OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
            ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</para>
            
            <para><emphasis>End of Terms and Conditions.</emphasis></para>
            
        </sect2>

    </sect1>
    
    <sect1 id="licenses-gpl-2" xreflabel="How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs">
    
        <title>How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</title>
    
        <para>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of
        the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to
        achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can
        redistribute and change under these terms.</para>
        
        <para>To do so, attach the following notices to the program.
        It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file
        to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each
        file should have at least the <quote>copyright</quote> line
        and a pointer to where the full notice is found.</para>
        
        <programlisting>
    &lt;one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.&gt;
    Copyright (C) 19yy  &lt;name of author&gt;
    
    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
    
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.
    
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
        </programlisting>
        
        <para>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic
        and paper mail.</para>
        
        <para>If the program is interactive, make it output a short
        notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:</para>
        
        <programlisting>
    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
        </programlisting>
        
        <para>The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should
        show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of
        course, the commands you use may be called something other
        than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or
        menu items&ndash;whatever suits your program.</para>
        
        <para>You should also get your employer (if you work as a
        programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a <quote>copyright
        disclaimer</quote> for the program, if necessary.  Here is a
        sample; alter the names:</para>
        
        <programlisting>
    Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
    `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
        
    &lt;signature of Ty Coon&gt;, 1 April 1989
    Ty Coon, President of Vice
        </programlisting>
        
        <para>This General Public License does not permit
        incorporating your program into proprietary programs.  If your
        program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more
        useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
        library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library
        General Public License instead of this License.</para>
    
    </sect1>

</appendix>