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<appendix id="licenses-gfdl" xreflabel="GNU Free Documentation License">

    <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>

    <para>Version 1.2, November 2002</para>

    <para>Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,
    Inc.  675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</para>

    <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
    of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-1" xreflabel="Preamble">

        <title>Preamble</title>

        <para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual,
        textbook, or other functional and useful document
        <quote>free</quote> in the sense of freedom: to assure
        everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
        with or without modifying it, either commercially or
        noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
        author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while
        not being considered responsible for modifications made by
        others.</para>
    
        <para>This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which
        means that derivative works of the document must themselves be
        free in the same sense.  It complements the <xref
        linkend="licenses-gfdl" />, which is a copyleft license
        designed for free software.</para>
    
        <para>We have designed this License in order to use it for
        manuals for free software, because free software needs free
        documentation: a free program should come with manuals
        providing the same freedoms that the software does.  But this
        License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
        any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it
        is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
        principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
        reference.</para>
    
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-2" xreflabel="Applicability and definitions">
    
        <title>Applicability and definitions</title>
        
        <para>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any
        medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
        saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.
        Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license,
        unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions
        stated herein.  The <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to
        any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
        licensee, and is addressed as <quote>you</quote>.  You accept
        the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
        way requiring permission under copyright law.</para>
        
        <para id="modified-version" xreflabel="Modified Version">A
        <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
        containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
        verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
        language.</para>
        
        <para id="secondary-section" xreflabel="Secondary Section">A
        <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
        front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively
        with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
        Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
        matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
        that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
        textbook of mathematics, a <xref linkend="secondary-section"
        /> may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be
        a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
        related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
        ethical or political position regarding them.</para>
        
        <para id="invariant-sections" xreflabel="Invariant
        Sections">The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain
        <xref linkend="secondary-section" /> whose titles are
        designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
        notice that says that the Document is released under this
        License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of
        Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as
        Invariant.  The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.
        If the Document does not identify any Invariant Section then
        there are none.</para>
        
        <para id="cover-texts" xreflabel="Cover Texts">The
        <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of text
        that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in
        the notice that says that the Document is released under this
        License.  A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a
        Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.</para>
        
        <para id="transparent" xreflabel="Transparent">A
        <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the Document means a
        machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
        specification is available to the general public, that is
        suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
        generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels)
        generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
        drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
        formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
        formats suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in
        an otherwise <xref linkend="transparent" /> file format whose
        markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or
        discourage subsequent modification by readers is not <xref
        linkend="transparent" />.  An image format is not <xref
        linkend="transparent" /> if used for any substantial amount of
        text.  A copy that is not <quote><xref linkend="transparent"
        /></quote> is called <quote>Opaque</quote>.</para>
        
        <para>Examples of suitable formats for <xref linkend="transparent" /> copies
        include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format,
        LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
        DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF
        designed for human modification.  Examples of transparent
        image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
        include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
        by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
        and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
        machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some
        word processors for output purposes only.</para>
        
        <para id="title-page" xreflabel="Title Page">The <quote>Title
        Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
        plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
        material this License requires to appear in the title page.
        For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
        <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the most
        prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
        beginning of the body of the text.</para>
        
        <para>A section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> means a named
        subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or
        contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ
        in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
        name mentioned below, such as <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
        <quote>Dedications</quote>, <quote>Endorsements</quote>, or
        <quote>History</quote>.) To <quote>Preserve the Title</quote>
        of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
        remains a section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> according to
        this definition.</para>
        
        <para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to
        the notice which states that this License applies to the
        Document.  These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be
        included by reference in this License, but only as regards
        disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
        Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
        meaning of this License.</para>
    
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-3" xreflabel="Verbatim copying">

        <title>Verbatim copying</title>

        <para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
        either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
        License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying
        this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all
        copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
        those of this License.  You may not use technical measures to
        obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
        copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
        compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a
        large enough number of copies you must also follow the
        conditions in section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4"
        />.</para>
    
        <para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions
        stated above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-4" xreflabel="Copying in quantity">

        <title>Copying in quantity</title>

        <para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
        commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more
        than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover
        Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
        clearly and legibly, all these <xref linkend="cover-texts" />:
        Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
        the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly
        identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The front
        cover must present the full title with all words of the title
        equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on
        the covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the
        covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
        satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
        in other respects.</para>
    
        <para>If the required texts for either cover are too
        voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones
        listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and
        continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
    
        <para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the
        Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a
        machine-readable <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy along with each Opaque copy,
        or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
        location from which the general network-using public has
        access to download using public-standard network protocols a
        complete <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, free of added
        material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
        reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of
        Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this <xref linkend="transparent" />
        copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
        at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
        copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
        edition to the public.</para>
    
        <para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
        authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
        number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
        updated version of the Document.</para>
    
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-5" xreflabel="Modification">

        <title>Modifications</title>

        <para>You may copy and distribute a <xref
        linkend="modified-version" /> of the Document under the
        conditions of sections <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-3"
        /> and <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> above,
        provided that you release the <xref linkend="modified-version"
        /> under precisely this License, with the <xref
        linkend="modified-version" /> filling the role of the
        Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
        <xref linkend="modified-version" /> to whoever possesses a
        copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the
        <xref linkend="modified-version" />:

        <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
    
            <listitem>
                <para>Use in the <xref linkend="title-page" /> (and on
                the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
                Document, and from those of previous versions (which
                should, if there were any, be listed in the History
                section of the Document).  You may use the same title
                as a previous version if the original publisher of
                that version gives permission.</para> </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>List on the <xref linkend="title-page" />, as
                authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
                for authorship of the modifications in the <xref
                linkend="modified-version" />, together with at least
                five of the principal authors of the Document (all of
                its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
                unless they release you from this requirement.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>State on the <xref linkend="title-page" /> the
                name of the publisher of the <xref
                linkend="modified-version" />, as the
                publisher.</para>
            </listitem>
    
            <listitem>
                <para>Preserve all the copyright notices of the
                Document.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
                modifications adjacent to the other copyright
                notices.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Include, immediately after the copyright
                notices, a license notice giving the public permission
                to use the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> under the terms of this
                License, in the form shown in the Addendum
                below.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Preserve in that license notice the full lists
                of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> and required
                <xref linkend="cover-texts" /> given in the Document's
                license notice.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Preserve the section Entitled
              <quote>History</quote>, Preserve its Title, and add to
              it an item stating at least the title, year, new
              authors, and publisher of the <xref
              linkend="modified-version" /> as given on the <xref
              linkend="title-page" />.  If there is no section
              Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the Document, create
              one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of
              the Document as given on its <xref linkend="title-page"
              />, then add an item describing the <xref
              linkend="modified-version" /> as stated in the previous
              sentence.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Preserve the network location, if any, given in
                the Document for public access to a <xref
                linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, and
                likewise the network locations given in the Document
                for previous versions it was based on.  These may be
                placed in the <quote>History</quote> section.  You may
                omit a network location for a work that was published
                at least four years before the Document itself, or if
                the original publisher of the version it refers to
                gives permission.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>For any section Entitled
                <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
                <quote>Dedications</quote>, Preserve the Title of the
                section, and preserve in the section all the substance
                and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
                and/or dedications given therein.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Preserve all the <xref
                linkend="invariant-sections" /> of the Document,
                unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section
                numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of
                the section titles.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Delete any section Entitled
                <quote>Endorsements</quote>.  Such a section may not
                be included in the <xref linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Do not retitle any existing section to be
                Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in
                title with any <xref linkend="invariant-sections"
                />.</para> </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
            </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
        </para>
    
        <para>If the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> includes new
        front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as <xref
        linkend="secondary-section" /> and contain no material copied
        from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
        all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
        titles to the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> in the <xref
        linkend="modified-version" />'s license notice.  These titles
        must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
    
        <para>You may add a section Entitled
        <quote>Endorsements</quote>, provided it contains nothing but
        endorsements of your <xref linkend="modified-version" /> by various
        parties&ndash;for example, statements of peer review or that
        the text has been approved by an organization as the
        authoritative definition of a standard.</para>
    
        <para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a
        Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a
        Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of <xref
        linkend="cover-texts"/> in the <xref
        linkend="modified-version" />.  Only one passage of
        Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by
        (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the
        Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
        previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
        entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
        but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from
        the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
    
        <para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
        this License give permission to use their names for publicity
        for or to assert or imply endorsement of any <xref
        linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
    
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-6" xreflabel="Combining documents">

        <title>Combining documents</title>

        <para>You may combine the Document with other documents
        released under this License, under the terms defined in
        section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" /> above for
        modified versions, provided that you include in the
        combination all of the <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of
        all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all
        as <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of your combined work
        in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
        Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
    
        <para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
        License, and multiple identical <xref
        linkend="invariant-sections"/> may be replaced with a single
        copy.  If there are multiple <xref
        linkend="invariant-sections" /> with the same name but
        different contents, make the title of each such section unique
        by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
        original author or publisher of that section if known, or else
        a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section
        titles in the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> in
        the license notice of the combined work.</para>
    
        <para>In the combination, you must combine any sections
        Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the various original
        documents, forming one section Entitled
        <quote>History</quote>; likewise combine any sections Entitled
        <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, and any sections Entitled
        <quote>Dedications</quote>.  You must delete all sections
        Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>.</para>
    
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-7" xreflabel="Collection of documents">

        <title>Collection of documents</title>

        <para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
        other documents released under this License, and replace the
        individual copies of this License in the various documents
        with a single copy that is included in the collection,
        provided that you follow the rules of this License for
        verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
        respects.</para>
    
        <para>You may extract a single document from such a
        collection, and distribute it individually under this License,
        provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
        document, and follow this License in all other respects
        regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>
    
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-8" xreflabel="Aggregation with independent works">

        <title>Aggregation with independent works</title>
    
        <para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with
        other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
        volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
        <quote>aggregate</quote> if the copyright resulting from the
        compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
        compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
        When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License
        does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
        not themselves derivative works of the Document.</para>
    
        <para>If the Cover Text requirement of section <xref
        linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> is applicable to these
        copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
        half of the entire aggregate, the Document's <xref
        linkend="cover-texts" /> may be placed on covers that bracket
        the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
        equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
        Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the
        whole aggregate.</para>
    
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-9" xreflabel="Translations">

        <title>Translations</title>

        <para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you
        may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of
        section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5"/>.  Replacing
        <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />with translations
        requires special permission from their copyright holders, but
        you may include translations of some or all <xref
        linkend="invariant-sections" /> in addition to the original
        versions of these <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />.  You
        may include a translation of this License, and all the license
        notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,
        provided that you also include the original English version of
        this License and the original versions of those notices and
        disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between the
        translation and the original version of this License or a
        notice or disclaimer, the original version will
        prevail.</para>

        <para>If a section in the Document is Entitled
        <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, <quote>Dedications</quote>,
        or <quote>History</quote>, the requirement (section <xref
        linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" />) to Preserve its Title
        (section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-2" />) will
        typically require changing the actual title.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-10" xreflabel="Tremination">

        <title>Termination</title>

        <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
        Document except as expressly provided for under this License.
        Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute
        the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
        rights under this License.  However, parties who have received
        copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
        their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
        full compliance.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-11" xreflabel="Future Revisions of this License">

        <title>Future Revisions of this License</title>

        <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
        versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to
        time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
        present version, but may differ in detail to address new
        problems or concerns.  See <ulink
        url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/" />.</para>

        <para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
        version number.  If the Document specifies that a particular
        numbered version of this License <quote>or any later
        version</quote> applies to it, you have the option of
        following the terms and conditions either of that specified
        version or of any later version that has been published (not
        as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
        does not specify a version number of this License, you may
        choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
        Software Foundation.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-12" xreflabel="How to use this License for your documents">

        <title>How to use this License for your documents</title>

        <para>To use this License in a document you have written,
        include a copy of the License in the document and put the
        following copyright and license notices just after the title
        page:</para>

        <programlisting>
    Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.

    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
    document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
    Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
    Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
    no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
    section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation License</quote>.
        </programlisting>

        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />,
        Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the
        <quote>with...Texts</quote>.  line with this:</para>

        <programlisting>
    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
    LIST.
        </programlisting>

        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />
        without <xref linkend="cover-texts" />, or some other
        combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit
        the situation.</para>

        <para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
        code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under
        your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General
        Public License, to permit their use in free software.</para>

    </sect1>

</appendix>