<appendix id="licenses-gfdl">
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<para>Version 1.2, November 2002</para>
<para>Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,
Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</para>
<para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-1" xreflabel="Preamble">
<title>Preamble</title>
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual,
textbook, or other functional and useful document
<quote>free</quote> in the sense of freedom: to assure
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while
not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.</para>
<para>This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which
means that derivative works of the document must themselves be
free in the same sense. It complements the <xref
linkend="licenses-gfdl" />, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.</para>
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for
manuals for free software, because free software needs free
documentation: a free program should come with manuals
providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this
License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it
is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
reference.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-2" xreflabel="Applicability and definitions">
<title>Applicability and definitions</title>
<para>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any
medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.
Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license,
unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions
stated herein. The <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to
any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as <quote>you</quote>. You accept
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
way requiring permission under copyright law.</para>
<para id="modified-version" xreflabel="Modified Version">A
<quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
language.</para>
<para id="secondary-section" xreflabel="Secondary Section">A
<quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively
with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a <xref linkend="secondary-section"
/> may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be
a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
ethical or political position regarding them.</para>
<para id="invariant-sections" xreflabel="Invariant
Sections">The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain
<xref linkend="secondary-section" /> whose titles are
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this
License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as
Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.
If the Document does not identify any Invariant Section then
there are none.</para>
<para id="cover-texts" xreflabel="Cover Texts">The
<quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of text
that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in
the notice that says that the Document is released under this
License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a
Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.</para>
<para id="transparent" xreflabel="Transparent">A
<quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the Document means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
specification is available to the general public, that is
suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels)
generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in
an otherwise <xref linkend="transparent" /> file format whose
markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or
discourage subsequent modification by readers is not <xref
linkend="transparent" />. An image format is not <xref
linkend="transparent" /> if used for any substantial amount of
text. A copy that is not <quote><xref linkend="transparent"
/></quote> is called <quote>Opaque</quote>.</para>
<para>Examples of suitable formats for <xref linkend="transparent" /> copies
include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format,
LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF
designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some
word processors for output purposes only.</para>
<para id="title-page" xreflabel="Title Page">The <quote>Title
Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page.
For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
<quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the most
prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
beginning of the body of the text.</para>
<para>A section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> means a named
subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or
contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ
in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
name mentioned below, such as <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
<quote>Dedications</quote>, <quote>Endorsements</quote>, or
<quote>History</quote>.) To <quote>Preserve the Title</quote>
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
remains a section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> according to
this definition.</para>
<para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to
the notice which states that this License applies to the
Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be
included by reference in this License, but only as regards
disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
meaning of this License.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-3" xreflabel="Verbatim copying">
<title>Verbatim copying</title>
<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying
this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all
copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
those of this License. You may not use technical measures to
obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a
large enough number of copies you must also follow the
conditions in section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4"
/>.</para>
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions
stated above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-4" xreflabel="Copying in quantity">
<title>Copying in quantity</title>
<para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more
than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover
Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
clearly and legibly, all these <xref linkend="cover-texts" />:
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly
identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front
cover must present the full title with all words of the title
equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on
the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
in other respects.</para>
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too
voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones
listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and
continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the
Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a
machine-readable <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy along with each Opaque copy,
or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
location from which the general network-using public has
access to download using public-standard network protocols a
complete <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, free of added
material. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of
Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this <xref linkend="transparent" />
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.</para>
<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
updated version of the Document.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-5" xreflabel="Modification">
<title>Modifications</title>
<para>You may copy and distribute a <xref
linkend="modified-version" /> of the Document under the
conditions of sections <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-3"
/> and <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> above,
provided that you release the <xref linkend="modified-version"
/> under precisely this License, with the <xref
linkend="modified-version" /> filling the role of the
Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
<xref linkend="modified-version" /> to whoever possesses a
copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
<xref linkend="modified-version" />:
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
<listitem>
<para>Use in the <xref linkend="title-page" /> (and on
the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
Document, and from those of previous versions (which
should, if there were any, be listed in the History
section of the Document). You may use the same title
as a previous version if the original publisher of
that version gives permission.</para> </listitem>
<listitem>
<para>List on the <xref linkend="title-page" />, as
authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
for authorship of the modifications in the <xref
linkend="modified-version" />, together with at least
five of the principal authors of the Document (all of
its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>State on the <xref linkend="title-page" /> the
name of the publisher of the <xref
linkend="modified-version" />, as the
publisher.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve all the copyright notices of the
Document.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
modifications adjacent to the other copyright
notices.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Include, immediately after the copyright
notices, a license notice giving the public permission
to use the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> under the terms of this
License, in the form shown in the Addendum
below.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve in that license notice the full lists
of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> and required
<xref linkend="cover-texts" /> given in the Document's
license notice.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve the section Entitled
<quote>History</quote>, Preserve its Title, and add to
it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the <xref
linkend="modified-version" /> as given on the <xref
linkend="title-page" />. If there is no section
Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the Document, create
one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of
the Document as given on its <xref linkend="title-page"
/>, then add an item describing the <xref
linkend="modified-version" /> as stated in the previous
sentence.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve the network location, if any, given in
the Document for public access to a <xref
linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document
for previous versions it was based on. These may be
placed in the <quote>History</quote> section. You may
omit a network location for a work that was published
at least four years before the Document itself, or if
the original publisher of the version it refers to
gives permission.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>For any section Entitled
<quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
<quote>Dedications</quote>, Preserve the Title of the
section, and preserve in the section all the substance
and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
and/or dedications given therein.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve all the <xref
linkend="invariant-sections" /> of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section
numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of
the section titles.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Delete any section Entitled
<quote>Endorsements</quote>. Such a section may not
be included in the <xref linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Do not retitle any existing section to be
Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in
title with any <xref linkend="invariant-sections"
/>.</para> </listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>If the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> includes new
front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as <xref
linkend="secondary-section" /> and contain no material copied
from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
titles to the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> in the <xref
linkend="modified-version" />'s license notice. These titles
must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
<para>You may add a section Entitled
<quote>Endorsements</quote>, provided it contains nothing but
endorsements of your <xref linkend="modified-version" /> by various
parties–for example, statements of peer review or that
the text has been approved by an organization as the
authoritative definition of a standard.</para>
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a
Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a
Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of <xref
linkend="cover-texts"/> in the <xref
linkend="modified-version" />. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by
(or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from
the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
this License give permission to use their names for publicity
for or to assert or imply endorsement of any <xref
linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-6" xreflabel="Combining documents">
<title>Combining documents</title>
<para>You may combine the Document with other documents
released under this License, under the terms defined in
section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" /> above for
modified versions, provided that you include in the
combination all of the <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of
all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all
as <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of your combined work
in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
License, and multiple identical <xref
linkend="invariant-sections"/> may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple <xref
linkend="invariant-sections" /> with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else
a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
titles in the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> in
the license notice of the combined work.</para>
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections
Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the various original
documents, forming one section Entitled
<quote>History</quote>; likewise combine any sections Entitled
<quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, and any sections Entitled
<quote>Dedications</quote>. You must delete all sections
Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-7" xreflabel="Collection of documents">
<title>Collection of documents</title>
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
other documents released under this License, and replace the
individual copies of this License in the various documents
with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
respects.</para>
<para>You may extract a single document from such a
collection, and distribute it individually under this License,
provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
document, and follow this License in all other respects
regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-8" xreflabel="Aggregation with independent works">
<title>Aggregation with independent works</title>
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with
other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
<quote>aggregate</quote> if the copyright resulting from the
compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License
does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
not themselves derivative works of the Document.</para>
<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section <xref
linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
half of the entire aggregate, the Document's <xref
linkend="cover-texts" /> may be placed on covers that bracket
the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the
whole aggregate.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-9" xreflabel="Translations">
<title>Translations</title>
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you
may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of
section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5"/>. Replacing
<xref linkend="invariant-sections" />with translations
requires special permission from their copyright holders, but
you may include translations of some or all <xref
linkend="invariant-sections" /> in addition to the original
versions of these <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />. You
may include a translation of this License, and all the license
notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,
provided that you also include the original English version of
this License and the original versions of those notices and
disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original version of this License or a
notice or disclaimer, the original version will
prevail.</para>
<para>If a section in the Document is Entitled
<quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, <quote>Dedications</quote>,
or <quote>History</quote>, the requirement (section <xref
linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" />) to Preserve its Title
(section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-2" />) will
typically require changing the actual title.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-10" xreflabel="Tremination">
<title>Termination</title>
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
Document except as expressly provided for under this License.
Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute
the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have received
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
full compliance.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-11" xreflabel="Future Revisions of this License">
<title>Future Revisions of this License</title>
<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to
time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns. See <ulink
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/" />.</para>
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
numbered version of this License <quote>or any later
version</quote> applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified
version or of any later version that has been published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
does not specify a version number of this License, you may
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-12" xreflabel="How to use this License for your documents">
<title>How to use this License for your documents</title>
<para>To use this License in a document you have written,
include a copy of the License in the document and put the
following copyright and license notices just after the title
page:</para>
<programlisting>
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation License</quote>.
</programlisting>
<para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />,
Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the
<quote>with...Texts</quote>. line with this:</para>
<programlisting>
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
LIST.
</programlisting>
<para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />
without <xref linkend="cover-texts" />, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit
the situation.</para>
<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under
your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General
Public License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
</sect1>
</appendix>