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vigra/random_forest/rf_decisionTree.hxx |

    00001 /************************************************************************/
    00002 /*                                                                      */
    00003 /*        Copyright 2008-2009 by  Ullrich Koethe and Rahul Nair         */
    00004 /*                                                                      */
    00005 /*    This file is part of the VIGRA computer vision library.           */
    00006 /*    The VIGRA Website is                                              */
    00007 /*        http://hci.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/vigra/                       */
    00008 /*    Please direct questions, bug reports, and contributions to        */
    00009 /*        ullrich.koethe@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de    or                    */
    00010 /*        vigra@informatik.uni-hamburg.de                               */
    00011 /*                                                                      */
    00012 /*    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person       */
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    00018 /*    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following          */
    00019 /*    conditions:                                                       */
    00020 /*                                                                      */
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    00022 /*    included in all copies or substantial portions of the             */
    00023 /*    Software.                                                         */
    00024 /*                                                                      */
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    00032 /*    OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                                   */
    00033 /*                                                                      */
    00034 /************************************************************************/
    00035
    00036 #ifndef VIGRA_RANDOM_FOREST_DT_HXX
    00037 #define VIGRA_RANDOM_FOREST_DT_HXX
    00038
    00039 #include <algorithm>
    00040 #include <map>
    00041 #include <numeric>
    00042 #include "vigra/multi_array.hxx"
    00043 #include "vigra/mathutil.hxx"
    00044 #include "vigra/array_vector.hxx"
    00045 #include "vigra/sized_int.hxx"
    00046 #include "vigra/matrix.hxx"
    00047 #include "vigra/random.hxx"
    00048 #include "vigra/functorexpression.hxx"
    00049 #include <vector>
    00050
    00051 #include "rf_common.hxx"
    00052 #include "rf_visitors.hxx"
    00053 #include "rf_nodeproxy.hxx"
    00054 namespace vigra
    00055 {
    00056
    00057 namespace detail
    00058 {
    00059  // todo FINALLY DECIDE TO USE CAMEL CASE OR UNDERSCORES !!!!!!
    00060 /* decisiontree classifier.
    00061  *
    00062  * This class is actually meant to be used in conjunction with the
    00063  * Random Forest Classifier
    00064  * - My suggestion would be to use the RandomForest classifier with
    00065  *   following parameters instead of directly using this
    00066  *   class (Preprocessing default values etc is handled in there):
    00067  *
    00068  * \code
    00069  *      RandomForest decisionTree(RF_Traits::Options_t()
    00070  *                                  .features_per_node(RF_ALL)
    00071  *                                  .tree_count(1)            );
    00072  * \endcode
    00073  *
    00074  * \todo remove the classCount and featurecount from the topology
    00075  *       array. Pass ext_param_ to the nodes!
    00076  * \todo Use relative addressing of nodes?
    00077  */
    00078 class DecisionTree
    00079 {
    00080     /* \todo make private?*/
    00081   public:
    00082
    00083     /* value type of container array. use whenever referencing it
    00084      */
    00085     typedef Int32 TreeInt;
    00086
    00087     ArrayVector<TreeInt>  topology_;
    00088     ArrayVector<double>   parameters_;
    00089
    00090     ProblemSpec<> ext_param_;
    00091     unsigned int classCount_;
    00092
    00093
    00094   public:
    00095     /* \brief Create tree with parameters */
    00096     template<class T>
    00097     DecisionTree(ProblemSpec<T> ext_param)
    00098     :
    00099         ext_param_(ext_param),
    00100         classCount_(ext_param.class_count_)
    00101     {}
    00102
    00103     /* clears all memory used.
    00104      */
    00105     void reset(unsigned int classCount = 0)
    00106     {
    00107         if(classCount)
    00108             classCount_ = classCount;
    00109         topology_.clear();
    00110         parameters_.clear();
    00111     }
    00112
    00113
    00114     /* learn a Tree
    00115      *
    00116      * \tparam  StackEntry_t The Stackentry containing Node/StackEntry_t
    00117      *          Information used during learning. Each Split functor has a
    00118      *          Stack entry associated with it (Split_t::StackEntry_t)
    00119      * \sa RandomForest::learn()
    00120      */
    00121     template <  class U, class C,
    00122                 class U2, class C2,
    00123                 class StackEntry_t,
    00124                 class Stop_t,
    00125                 class Split_t,
    00126                 class Visitor_t,
    00127                 class Random_t >
    00128     void learn(     MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const      & features,
    00129                     MultiArrayView<2, U2, C2> const    & labels,
    00130                     StackEntry_t const &                 stack_entry,
    00131                     Split_t                              split,
    00132                     Stop_t                               stop,
    00133                     Visitor_t &                          visitor,
    00134                     Random_t &                           randint);
    00135     template <  class U, class C,
    00136              class U2, class C2,
    00137              class StackEntry_t,
    00138              class Stop_t,
    00139              class Split_t,
    00140              class Visitor_t,
    00141              class Random_t>
    00142     void continueLearn(   MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const       & features,
    00143                           MultiArrayView<2, U2, C2> const     & labels,
    00144                           StackEntry_t const &                  stack_entry,
    00145                           Split_t                               split,
    00146                           Stop_t                                stop,
    00147                           Visitor_t &                           visitor,
    00148                           Random_t &                            randint,
    00149                           //an index to which the last created exterior node will be moved (because it is not used anymore)
    00150                           int                                   garbaged_child=-1);
    00151
    00152     /* is a node a Leaf Node? */
    00153     inline bool isLeafNode(TreeInt in) const
    00154     {
    00155         return (in & LeafNodeTag) == LeafNodeTag;
    00156     }
    00157
    00158     /* data driven traversal from root to leaf
    00159      *
    00160      * traverse through tree with data given in features. Use Visitors to
    00161      * collect statistics along the way.
    00162      */
    00163     template<class U, class C, class Visitor_t>
    00164     TreeInt getToLeaf(MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const & features,
    00165                       Visitor_t  & visitor) const
    00166     {
    00167         TreeInt index = 2;
    00168         while(!isLeafNode(topology_[index]))
    00169         {
    00170             visitor.visit_internal_node(*this, index, topology_[index],features);
    00171             switch(topology_[index])
    00172             {
    00173                 case i_ThresholdNode:
    00174                 {
    00175                     Node<i_ThresholdNode>
    00176                                 node(topology_, parameters_, index);
    00177                     index = node.next(features);
    00178                     break;
    00179                 }
    00180                 case i_HyperplaneNode:
    00181                 {
    00182                     Node<i_HyperplaneNode>
    00183                                 node(topology_, parameters_, index);
    00184                     index = node.next(features);
    00185                     break;
    00186                 }
    00187                 case i_HypersphereNode:
    00188                 {
    00189                     Node<i_HypersphereNode>
    00190                                 node(topology_, parameters_, index);
    00191                     index = node.next(features);
    00192                     break;
    00193                 }
    00194 #if 0
    00195                 // for quick prototyping! has to be implemented.
    00196                 case i_VirtualNode:
    00197                 {
    00198                     Node<i_VirtualNode>
    00199                                 node(topology_, parameters, index);
    00200                     index = node.next(features);
    00201                 }
    00202 #endif
    00203                 default:
    00204                     vigra_fail("DecisionTree::getToLeaf():"
    00205                                "encountered unknown internal Node Type");
    00206             }
    00207         }
    00208         visitor.visit_external_node(*this, index, topology_[index],features);
    00209         return index;
    00210     }
    00211     /* traverse tree to get statistics
    00212      *
    00213      * Tree is traversed in order the Nodes are in memory (i.e. if no
    00214      * relearning//pruning scheme is utilized this will be pre order)
    00215      */
    00216     template<class Visitor_t>
    00217     void traverse_mem_order(Visitor_t visitor) const
    00218     {
    00219         TreeInt index = 2;
    00220         Int32 ii = 0;
    00221         while(index < topology_.size())
    00222         {
    00223             if(isLeafNode(topology_[index]))
    00224             {
    00225                 visitor
    00226                     .visit_external_node(*this, index, topology_[index]);
    00227             }
    00228             else
    00229             {
    00230                 visitor
    00231                     ._internal_node(*this, index, topology_[index]);
    00232             }
    00233         }
    00234     }
    00235
    00236     template<class Visitor_t>
    00237     void traverse_post_order(Visitor_t visitor,  TreeInt start = 2) const
    00238     {
    00239         typedef TinyVector<double, 2> Entry;
    00240         std::vector<Entry > stack;
    00241         std::vector<double> result_stack;
    00242         stack.push_back(Entry(2, 0));
    00243         int addr;
    00244         while(!stack.empty())
    00245         {
    00246             addr = stack.back()[0];
    00247             NodeBase node(topology_, parameters_, stack.back()[0]);
    00248             if(stack.back()[1] == 1)
    00249             {
    00250                 stack.pop_back();
    00251                 double leftRes = result_stack.back();
    00252                 double rightRes = result_stack.back();
    00253                 result_stack.pop_back();
    00254                 result_stack.pop_back();
    00255                 result_stack.push_back(rightRes+ leftRes);
    00256                 visitor.visit_internal_node(*this,
    00257                                             addr,
    00258                                             node.typeID(),
    00259                                             rightRes+leftRes);
    00260             }
    00261             else
    00262             {
    00263                 if(isLeafNode(node.typeID()))
    00264                 {
    00265                     visitor.visit_external_node(*this,
    00266                                                 addr,
    00267                                                 node.typeID(),
    00268                                                 node.weights());
    00269                     stack.pop_back();
    00270                     result_stack.push_back(node.weights());
    00271                 }
    00272                 else
    00273                 {
    00274                     stack.back()[1] = 1;
    00275                     stack.push_back(Entry(node.child(0), 0));
    00276                     stack.push_back(Entry(node.child(1), 0));
    00277                 }
    00278
    00279             }
    00280         }
    00281     }
    00282
    00283     /* same thing as above, without any visitors */
    00284     template<class U, class C>
    00285     TreeInt getToLeaf(MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const & features) const
    00286     {
    00287         ::vigra::rf::visitors::StopVisiting stop;
    00288         return getToLeaf(features, stop);
    00289     }
    00290
    00291
    00292     template <class U, class C>
    00293     ArrayVector<double>::iterator
    00294     predict(MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const & features) const
    00295     {
    00296         TreeInt nodeindex = getToLeaf(features);
    00297         switch(topology_[nodeindex])
    00298         {
    00299             case e_ConstProbNode:
    00300                 return Node<e_ConstProbNode>(topology_,
    00301                                              parameters_,
    00302                                              nodeindex).prob_begin();
    00303                 break;
    00304 #if 0
    00305             //first make the Logistic regression stuff...
    00306             case e_LogRegProbNode:
    00307                 return Node<e_LogRegProbNode>(topology_,
    00308                                               parameters_,
    00309                                               nodeindex).prob_begin();
    00310 #endif
    00311             default:
    00312                 vigra_fail("DecisionTree::predict() :"
    00313                            " encountered unknown external Node Type");
    00314         }
    00315         return ArrayVector<double>::iterator();
    00316     }
    00317
    00318
    00319
    00320     template <class U, class C>
    00321     Int32 predictLabel(MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const & features) const
    00322     {
    00323         ArrayVector<double>::const_iterator weights = predict(features);
    00324         return argMax(weights, weights+classCount_) - weights;
    00325     }
    00326
    00327 };
    00328
    00329
    00330 template <  class U, class C,
    00331             class U2, class C2,
    00332             class StackEntry_t,
    00333             class Stop_t,
    00334             class Split_t,
    00335             class Visitor_t,
    00336             class Random_t>
    00337 void DecisionTree::learn(   MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const       & features,
    00338                             MultiArrayView<2, U2, C2> const     & labels,
    00339                             StackEntry_t const &                  stack_entry,
    00340                             Split_t                               split,
    00341                             Stop_t                                stop,
    00342                             Visitor_t &                           visitor,
    00343                             Random_t &                            randint)
    00344 {
    00345     this->reset();
    00346     topology_.reserve(256);
    00347     parameters_.reserve(256);
    00348     topology_.push_back(features.shape(1));
    00349     topology_.push_back(classCount_);
    00350     continueLearn(features,labels,stack_entry,split,stop,visitor,randint);
    00351 }
    00352
    00353 template <  class U, class C,
    00354             class U2, class C2,
    00355             class StackEntry_t,
    00356             class Stop_t,
    00357             class Split_t,
    00358             class Visitor_t,
    00359             class Random_t>
    00360 void DecisionTree::continueLearn(   MultiArrayView<2, U, C> const       & features,
    00361                             MultiArrayView<2, U2, C2> const     & labels,
    00362                             StackEntry_t const &                  stack_entry,
    00363                             Split_t                               split,
    00364                             Stop_t                                stop,
    00365                             Visitor_t &                           visitor,
    00366                             Random_t &                            randint,
    00367                             //an index to which the last created exterior node will be moved (because it is not used anymore)
    00368                             int                                   garbaged_child)
    00369 {
    00370     std::vector<StackEntry_t> stack;
    00371     stack.reserve(128);
    00372     ArrayVector<StackEntry_t> child_stack_entry(2, stack_entry);
    00373     stack.push_back(stack_entry);
    00374     size_t last_node_pos = 0;
    00375     StackEntry_t top=stack.back();
    00376
    00377     while(!stack.empty())
    00378     {
    00379
    00380         // Take an element of the stack. Obvious ain't it?
    00381         top = stack.back();
    00382         stack.pop_back();
    00383
    00384         // Make sure no data from the last round has remained in Pipeline;
    00385         child_stack_entry[0].reset();
    00386         child_stack_entry[1].reset();
    00387         split.reset();
    00388
    00389
    00390         //Either the Stopping criterion decides that the split should
    00391         //produce a Terminal Node or the Split itself decides what
    00392         //kind of node to make
    00393         TreeInt NodeID;
    00394
    00395         if(stop(top))
    00396             NodeID = split.makeTerminalNode(features,
    00397                                             labels,
    00398                                             top,
    00399                                             randint);
    00400         else
    00401         {
    00402             //TIC;
    00403             NodeID = split.findBestSplit(features,
    00404                                          labels,
    00405                                          top,
    00406                                          child_stack_entry,
    00407                                          randint);
    00408             //std::cerr << TOC <<" " << NodeID << ";" <<std::endl;
    00409         }
    00410
    00411         // do some visiting yawn - just added this comment as eye candy
    00412         // (looks odd otherwise with my syntax highlighting....
    00413         visitor.visit_after_split(*this, split, top,
    00414                                   child_stack_entry[0],
    00415                                   child_stack_entry[1],
    00416                                   features,
    00417                                   labels);
    00418
    00419
    00420         // Update the Child entries of the parent
    00421         // Using InteriorNodeBase because exact parameter form not needed.
    00422         // look at the Node base before getting scared.
    00423         last_node_pos = topology_.size();
    00424         if(top.leftParent != StackEntry_t::DecisionTreeNoParent)
    00425         {
    00426             NodeBase(topology_,
    00427                      parameters_,
    00428                      top.leftParent).child(0) = last_node_pos;
    00429         }
    00430         else if(top.rightParent != StackEntry_t::DecisionTreeNoParent)
    00431         {
    00432             NodeBase(topology_,
    00433                      parameters_,
    00434                      top.rightParent).child(1) = last_node_pos;
    00435         }
    00436
    00437
    00438         // Supply the split functor with the Node type it requires.
    00439         // set the address to which the children of this node should point
    00440         // to and push back children onto stack
    00441         if(!isLeafNode(NodeID))
    00442         {
    00443             child_stack_entry[0].leftParent = topology_.size();
    00444             child_stack_entry[1].rightParent = topology_.size();
    00445             child_stack_entry[0].rightParent = -1;
    00446             child_stack_entry[1].leftParent = -1;
    00447             stack.push_back(child_stack_entry[0]);
    00448             stack.push_back(child_stack_entry[1]);
    00449         }
    00450
    00451         //copy the newly created node form the split functor to the
    00452         //decision tree.
    00453         NodeBase node(split.createNode(), topology_, parameters_ );
    00454     }
    00455     if(garbaged_child!=-1)
    00456     {
    00457         Node<e_ConstProbNode>(topology_,parameters_,garbaged_child).copy(Node<e_ConstProbNode>(topology_,parameters_,last_node_pos));
    00458
    00459         int last_parameter_size = Node<e_ConstProbNode>(topology_,parameters_,garbaged_child).parameters_size();
    00460         topology_.resize(last_node_pos);
    00461         parameters_.resize(parameters_.size() - last_parameter_size);
    00462
    00463         if(top.leftParent != StackEntry_t::DecisionTreeNoParent)
    00464             NodeBase(topology_,
    00465                      parameters_,
    00466                      top.leftParent).child(0) = garbaged_child;
    00467         else if(top.rightParent != StackEntry_t::DecisionTreeNoParent)
    00468             NodeBase(topology_,
    00469                      parameters_,
    00470                      top.rightParent).child(1) = garbaged_child;
    00471     }
    00472 }
    00473
    00474 } //namespace detail
    00475
    00476 } //namespace vigra
    00477
    00478 #endif //VIGRA_RANDOM_FOREST_DT_HXX

© Ullrich Köthe (ullrich.koethe@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de) Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, University of Heidelberg, Germany | html generated using doxygen and Python vigra 1.9.0 (Tue Nov 6 2012)