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<!DOCTYPE document [
  <!ENTITY project SYSTEM "project.xml">
]>
<document url="windows-service-howto.html">

    &project;

    <properties>
      <author email="mturk@apache.org">Mladen Turk</author>
      <title>Windows service HOW-TO</title>
    </properties>

<body>

<section name="Table of Contents">
<toc/>
</section>

<section name="Tomcat7 service application">
<p>
    <b>Tomcat7</b> is a service application for running Tomcat7 as NT service.
</p>
</section>
<section name="Tomcat7w monitor application">
<p>
    <b>Tomcat7w</b> is a GUI application for monitoring and configuring Tomcat
    services.
</p>
    <p>The available command line options are:</p>
<p>
    <table>
    <tr><th>//ES//</th>
        <td>Edit service configuration</td>
        <td>This is the default operation. It is called if the no option is
            provided but the executable is renamed to <b>servicenameW.exe</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th>//MS//</th>
        <td>Monitor service</td>
        <td>Put the icon in the system tray</td>
    </tr>
    </table>
</p>
</section>
<section name="Command line arguments">
<p>
    Each command line directive is in the form of <b>//XX//ServiceName</b>
</p>
    <p>The available command line options are:</p>
<p>
    <table>
    <tr><th>//TS//</th>
        <td>Run the service as console application</td>
        <td>This is the default operation. It is called if the no option is
            provided. The ServiceName is the name of the executable without
            exe suffix, meaning Tomcat7</td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th>//RS//</th>
        <td>Run the service</td>
        <td>Called only from ServiceManager</td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th>//SS//</th>
        <td>Stop the service</td>
        <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th>//US//</th>
        <td>Update service parameters</td>
        <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th>//IS//</th>
        <td>Install service</td>
        <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th>//DS//</th>
        <td>Delete service</td>
        <td>Stops the service if running</td>
    </tr>
    </table>
</p>
</section>
<section name="Command line parameters">
<p>
    Each command parameter is prefixed with <b>--</b>.
    If the command line is prefixed with <b>++</b> then it's value will
    be appended to the existing option.
    If the environment variable with the same name as command line parameter but
    prefixed with <code>PR_</code> exists it will take precedence.
    For example:
<source>set PR_CLASSPATH=xx.jar</source>
</p>
<p>is equivalent to providing
<source>--Classpath=xx.jar</source>
</p>
<p> as command line parameter.</p>
<p>
    <table>
    <tr>
    <th>ParameterName</th>
    <th>Default</th>
    <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--Description</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Service name description (maximum 1024 characters)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--DisplayName</td>
    <td>ServiceName</td>
    <td>Service display name</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--Install</td>
    <td>procrun.exe //RS//ServiceName</td>
    <td>Install image</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--Startup</td>
    <td>manual</td>
    <td>Service startup mode can be either <b>auto</b> or <b>manual</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--DependsOn</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>List of services that this service depend on. Dependent services
        are separated using either <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--Environment</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>List of environment variables that will be provided to the service
        in the form <b>key=value</b>. They are separated using either
        <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters. If you need to use either the <b>#</b>
        or <b>;</b> character within a value then the entire value must be
        enclosed inside single quotes.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--User</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>User account used for running executable. It is used only for
        StartMode <b>java</b> or <b>exe</b> and enables running applications
        as service under account without LogonAsService privilege.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--Password</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Password for user account set by --User parameter</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--JavaHome</td>
    <td>JAVA_HOME</td>
    <td>Set a different JAVA_HOME than defined by JAVA_HOME environment
        variable</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--Jvm</td>
    <td>auto</td>
    <td>Use either <b>auto</b> or specify the full path to the <b>jvm.dll</b>.
        You can use the environment variable expansion here.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--JvmOptions</td>
    <td>-Xrs</td>
    <td>List of options in the form of <b>-D</b> or <b>-X</b> that will be
        passed to the JVM. The options are separated using either
        <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--Classpath</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Set the Java classpath</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--JvmMs</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Initial memory pool size in MB</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--JvmMx</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Maximum memory pool size in MB</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--JvmSs</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Thread stack size in KB</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StartImage</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Executable that will be run.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StartPath</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Working path for the start image executable.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StartClass</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Class that will be used for startup.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StartParams</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>List of parameters that will be passed to either StartImage or
        StartClass. Parameters are separated using either <b>#</b> or
        <b>;</b> character.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StartMethod</td>
    <td>Main</td>
    <td>Method name if differs then main</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StartMode</td>
    <td>executable</td>
    <td>Can one of <b>jvm</b> <b>java</b> or <b>exe</b></td>
    </tr>
    <td>--StopImage</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Executable that will be run on Stop service signal.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StopPath</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Working path for the stop image executable.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StopClass</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Class that will be used on Stop service signal.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StopParams</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>List of parameters that will be passed to either StopImage or
        StopClass. Parameters are separated using either <b>#</b> or
        <b>;</b> character.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StopMethod</td>
    <td>Main</td>
    <td>Method name if differs then main</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StopMode</td>
    <td>executable</td>
    <td>Can one of <b>jvm</b> <b>java</b> or <b>exe</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StopTimeout</td>
    <td>No Timeout</td>
    <td>Defines the timeout in seconds that procrun waits for service to
        exit gracefully.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--LogPath</td>
    <td>working path</td>
    <td>Defines the path for logging</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--LogPrefix</td>
    <td>jakarta_service</td>
    <td>Defines the service log filename</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--LogLevel</td>
    <td>INFO</td>
    <td>Defines the logging level and can be either <b>error</b>,
        <b>info</b>, <b>warn</b> or <b>debug</b></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StdOutput</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Redirected stdout filename</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>--StdError</td>
    <td></td>
    <td>Redirected stderr filename</td>
    </tr>
    </table>
</p>
</section>
<section name="Installing services">
<p>
The safest way to manually install the service is to use the provided
<b>service.bat</b> script. Administrator privileges are required to run this
script. If necessary, you can use the <code>/user</code> switch to specify
a user to use for the installation of the service.
</p>
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> On Windows Vista or any other operating system with User
Account Control (UAC) you must either disable UAC or right-click on cmd.exe and
select "Run as administrator" in order to run this script. If UAC is enabled
neither being logged on with an Administrator account, nor using the
<code>/user</code> switch is sufficient.
</p>
<p>
<source>
Install the service named 'Tomcat7'
C:\> service.bat install
</source>
</p>
<p>There is a 2nd optional parameter that lets you specify the name of the
service, as displayed in Windows services.</p>
<p>
<source>
Install the service named 'MyService'
C:\> service.bat install MyService
</source>
</p>
<p>
If using tomcat7.exe, you need to use the <b>//IS//</b> parameter.</p>
<p>
<source>
Install the service named 'Tomcat7'
C:\> tomcat7 //IS//Tomcat7 --DisplayName="Apache Tomcat 7" \
C:\> --Install="C:\Program Files\Tomcat\bin\tomcat7.exe" --Jvm=auto \
C:\> --StartMode=jvm --StopMode=jvm \
C:\> --StartClass=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap --StartParams=start \
C:\> --StopClass=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap --StopParams=stop
</source>
</p>
</section>
<section name="Updating services">
<p>
To update the service parameters, you need to use the <b>//US//</b> parameter.
</p>
<p>
<source>
Update the service named 'Tomcat7'
C:\> tomcat7 //US//Tomcat7 --Description="Apache Tomcat Server - http://tomcat.apache.org/ " \
C:\> --Startup=auto --Classpath=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar
</source>
</p>
<p>If you gave the service an optional name, you need to specify it like this:
</p>
<p>
<source>
Update the service named 'MyService'
C:\> tomcat7 //US//MyService --Description="Apache Tomcat Server - http://tomcat.apache.org/ " \
C:\> --Startup=auto --Classpath=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar
</source>
</p>
</section>
<section name="Removing services">
<p>
To remove the service, you need to use the <b>//DS//</b> parameter.<br/>
If the service is running it will be stopped and then deleted.</p>
<p>
<source>
Remove the service named 'Tomcat7'
C:\> tomcat7 //DS//Tomcat7
</source>
</p>
<p>If you gave the service an optional name, you need to specify it like this:
</p>
<p>
<source>
Remove the service named 'MyService'
C:\> tomcat7 //DS//MyService
</source>
</p>
</section>
<section name="Debugging services">
<p>
To run the service in console mode, you need to use the <b>//TS//</b> parameter.
The service shutdown can be initiated by pressing <b>CTRL+C</b> or
<b>CTRL+BREAK</b>.
If you rename the tomcat7.exe to testservice.exe then you can just execute the
testservice.exe and this command mode will be executed by default.</p>
<p>
<source>
Run the service named 'Tomcat7' in console mode
C:\> tomcat7 //TS//Tomcat7 [additional arguments]
Or simply execute:
C:\> tomcat7
</source>
</p>
</section>
<section name="Multiple Instances">
<p>
Tomcat supports installation of multiple instances. You can have a single
installation of Tomcat with multiple instances running on different IP/port
combinations, or multiple Tomcat versions, each running one or more instances on
different IP/ports.</p>
<p>
Each instance folder will need the following structure:
</p>
<ul>
<li>conf</li>
<li>logs</li>
<li>temp</li>
<li>webapps</li>
<li>work</li>
</ul>
<p>
At a minimum, conf should contain a copy of the following files from
CATALINA_HOME\conf\. Any files not copied and edited, will be picked up by
default from CATALINA_HOME\conf, i.e. CATALINA_BASE\conf files override defaults
from CATALINA_HOME\conf.</p>
<ul>
<li>server.xml</li>
<li>web.xml</li>
</ul>
<p>
You must edit CATALINA_BASE\conf\server.xml to specify a unique IP/port for the
instance to listen on. Find the line that contains
<pre>&lt;Connector port="8080" ...</pre> and add an address attribute and/or
update the port number so as to specify a unique IP/port combination.</p>
<p>
To install an instance, first set the CATALINA_HOME environment variable to the
name of the Tomcat installation directory. Then create a second environment
variable CATALINA_BASE and point this to the instance folder. Then run "service
install" command specifying a service name.</p>
<p>
<source>
set CATALINA_HOME=c:\tomcat_7
set CATALINA_BASE=c:\tomcat_7\instances\instance1
service install instance1
</source>
</p>
<p>
To modify the service settings, you can run <b>tomcat7w //ES//instance1</b>.
</p>
<p>
For additional instances, create additional instance folder, update the
CATALINA_BASE environment variable, and run the service install again.</p>
<p>
<source>
set CATALINA_BASE=c:\tomcat_7\instances\instance2
service install instance2
</source>
</p>
</section>
</body>
</document>
