# Monitoring Network Packets Drops in Kernel

The network stack in Linux can discard packets for various reasons. Some Linux kernels include a tracepoint, `kernel.trace("kfree_skb")`, which easily tracks where packets are discarded. uses `kernel.trace("kfree_skb")` to trace packet discards; the script summarizes which locations discard packets every five-second interval.

tracepoint

dropwatch.stp

The `kernel.trace("kfree_skb")` traces which places in the kernel drop network packets. The `kernel.trace("kfree_skb")` has two arguments: a pointer to the buffer being freed (`$skb`) and the location in kernel code the buffer is being freed (`$location`). The script provides the function containing `$location` where possible. The information to map `$location` back to the function is not in the instrumentation by default. On Systemtap 1.4 the `--all-modules` option will include the required mapping information and the following command can be used to run the script:

    stap --all-modules dropwatch.stp

On older versions of Systemtap you can use the following command to emulate the `--all-modules` option:

    stap -dkernel \
    `cat /proc/modules | awk 'BEGIN { ORS = " " } {print "-d"$1}'` \
    dropwatch.stp

Running the dropwatch.stp script 15 seconds would result in output similar in . The output lists the number of misses for each tracepoint location with either the function name or the address.

Sample Output

    Monitoring for dropped packets

    1762 packets dropped at unix_stream_recvmsg
    4 packets dropped at tun_do_read
    2 packets dropped at nf_hook_slow

    467 packets dropped at unix_stream_recvmsg
    20 packets dropped at nf_hook_slow
    6 packets dropped at tun_do_read

    446 packets dropped at unix_stream_recvmsg
    4 packets dropped at tun_do_read
    4 packets dropped at nf_hook_slow
    Stopping dropped packet monitor

When the script is being compiled on one machine and run on another the `--all-modules` and `/proc/modules` directory are not available; the `symname` function will just print out the raw address. To make the raw address of packet drops more meaningful, refer to the `/boot/System.map-`uname -r`` file. This file lists the starting addresses for each function, allowing you to map the addresses in the output of to a specific function name. Given the following snippet of the `/boot/System.map-`uname -r`` file, the address 0xffffffff8149a8ed maps to the function `unix_stream_recvmsg`:

    [...]
    ffffffff8149a420 t unix_dgram_poll
    ffffffff8149a5e0 t unix_stream_recvmsg
    ffffffff8149ad00 t unix_find_other
    [...]

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