Postfix manual - pgsql_table(5)

    PGSQL_TABLE(5)                                                  PGSQL_TABLE(5)

    NAME
           pgsql_table - Postfix PostgreSQL client configuration

    SYNOPSIS
           postmap -q "string" pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename

           postmap -q - pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

    DESCRIPTION
           The  Postfix  mail system uses optional tables for address
           rewriting or mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm
           or db format.

           Alternatively,  lookup  tables  can  be specified as Post-
           greSQL databases.  In order  to  use  PostgreSQL  lookups,
           define  a  PostgreSQL source as a lookup table in main.cf,
           for example:
               alias_maps = pgsql:/etc/pgsql-aliases.cf

           The file /etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf has the same format
           as  the  Postfix main.cf file, and can specify the parame-
           ters described below.

    BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
           For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables,  Post-
           greSQL  parameters  can  also  be  defined in main.cf.  In
           order to do that, specify as PostgreSQL source a name that
           doesn't  begin  with  a  slash  or  a dot.  The PostgreSQL
           parameters will then be  accessible  as  the  name  you've
           given the source in its definition, an underscore, and the
           name of the parameter.  For example, if the map is  speci-
           fied  as  "pgsql:pgsqlname",  the  parameter "hosts" below
           would be defined in main.cf as "pgsqlname_hosts".

           Note: with this form, the  passwords  for  the  PostgreSQL
           sources  are  written in main.cf, which is normally world-
           readable.  Support for this form  will  be  removed  in  a
           future Postfix version.

           Normally,  the  SQL  query is specified via a single query
           parameter (described in more  detail  below).   When  this
           parameter  is not specified in the map definition, Postfix
           reverts to an older interface, with the  SQL   query  con-
           structed   from  the select_function, select_field, table,
           where_field and additional_conditions parameters.  The old
           interface  will be gradually phased out. To migrate to the
           new interface set:

               query = SELECT select_function('%s')

           or in the absence of  select_function,  the  lower  prece-
           dence:

               query = SELECT select_field
                   FROM table
                   WHERE where_field = '%s'
                       additional_conditions

           Use  the  value,  not  the name, of each legacy parameter.
           Note that the additional_conditions parameter is  optional
           and if not empty, will always start with AND.

    LIST MEMBERSHIP
           When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydes-
           tination, $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc.,  it
           is  important to understand that the table must store each
           list member as a separate key. The table  lookup  verifies
           the  *existence*  of  the  key.  See "Postfix lists versus
           tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a  discussion.

           Do  NOT create tables that return the full list of domains
           in $mydestination or $relay_domains etc., or IP  addresses
           in $mynetworks.

           DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with
           an arbitrary value. With SQL databases it is not  uncommon
           to return the key itself or a constant value.

    PGSQL PARAMETERS
           hosts  The  hosts  that Postfix will try to connect to and
                  query from.  Specify unix: for UNIX-domain sockets,
                  inet: for TCP connections (default).  Example:
                      hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port
                      hosts = unix:/file/name

                  The  hosts are tried in random order, with all con-
                  nections  over  UNIX  domain  sockets  being  tried
                  before  those  over TCP.  The connections are auto-
                  matically closed  after  being  idle  for  about  1
                  minute, and are re-opened as necessary.

                  NOTE: the unix: and inet: prefixes are accepted for
                  backwards compatibility reasons, but  are  actually
                  ignored.  The PostgreSQL client library will always
                  try to connect to an UNIX socket if the name starts
                  with  a slash, and will try a TCP connection other-
                  wise.

           user, password
                  The user name and password to log  into  the  pgsql
                  server.  Example:
                      user = someone
                      password = some_password

           dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
                      dbname = customer_database

           query  The SQL query template used to search the database,
                  where %s is a substitute for the address Postfix is
                  trying to resolve, e.g.
                      query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

                  This  parameter  supports  the following '%' expan-
                  sions:

                  %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.
                         (Postfix 2.2 and later)

                  %s     This  is  replaced  by  the  input key.  SQL
                         quoting is used to make sure that the  input
                         key  does not add unexpected metacharacters.

                  %u     When the input key is an address of the form
                         user@domain,  %u  is  replaced  by  the  SQL
                         quoted local part of  the  address.   Other-
                         wise,  %u  is  replaced by the entire search
                         string.  If  the  localpart  is  empty,  the
                         query  is suppressed and returns no results.

                  %d     When the input key is an address of the form
                         user@domain,  %d  is  replaced  by  the  SQL
                         quoted domain part of the  address.   Other-
                         wise, the query is suppressed and returns no
                         results.

                  %[SUD] The  upper-case  equivalents  of  the  above
                         expansions  behave  in  the  query parameter
                         identically  to  their  lower-case  counter-
                         parts.   With  the  result_format  parameter
                         (see  below),  they  expand  the  input  key
                         rather than the result value.

                         The  above  %S,  %U  and  %D  expansions are
                         available with Postfix 2.2 and later

                  %[1-9] The patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced  by
                         the corresponding most significant component
                         of the input key's domain. If the input  key
                         is user@mail.example.com, then %1 is com, %2
                         is example and %3 is mail. If the input  key
                         is  unqualified  or  does  not  have  enough
                         domain components to satisfy all the  speci-
                         fied  patterns,  the query is suppressed and
                         returns no results.

                         The above %1, ... %9 expansions  are  avail-
                         able with Postfix 2.2 and later

                  The  domain  parameter  described  below limits the
                  input keys to addresses in matching  domains.  When
                  the  domain parameter is non-empty, SQL queries for
                  unqualified addresses or addresses in  non-matching
                  domains are suppressed and return no results.

                  The  precedence  of this parameter has changed with
                  Postfix 2.2, in prior releases the precedence  was,
                  from  highest  to  lowest,  select_function, query,
                  select_field, ...

                  With Postfix 2.2 the query  parameter  has  highest
                  precedence, see COMPATIBILITY above.

                  NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

           result_format (default: %s)
                  Format template applied to result attributes.  Most
                  commonly  used  to  append (or prepend) text to the
                  result. This parameter supports the  following  '%'
                  expansions:

                  %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

                  %s     This is replaced by the value of the  result
                         attribute.   When  result  is  empty  it  is
                         skipped.

                  %u     When  the  result  attribute  value  is   an
                         address  of  the  form  user@domain,  %u  is
                         replaced by the local part of  the  address.
                         When the result has an empty localpart it is
                         skipped.

                  %d     When a result attribute value is an  address
                         of  the  form user@domain, %d is replaced by
                         the domain part of the attribute value. When
                         the result is unqualified it is skipped.

                  %[SUD1-9]
                         The  upper-case and decimal digit expansions
                         interpolate  the  parts  of  the  input  key
                         rather  than  the  result. Their behavior is
                         identical to that described with query,  and
                         in  fact  because  the input key is known in
                         advance, queries whose key does not  contain
                         all  the information specified in the result
                         template  are  suppressed  and   return   no
                         results.

                  For  example,  using  "result_format  =  smtp:[%s]"
                  allows one to use a mailHost attribute as the basis
                  of  a transport(5) table. After applying the result
                  format, multiple values are concatenated  as  comma
                  separated  strings. The expansion_limit and parame-
                  ter explained below allows one to restrict the num-
                  ber  of  values  in the result, which is especially
                  useful for maps that must return at most one value.

                  The  default  value  %s  specifies that each result
                  value should be used as is.

                  This parameter is available with  Postfix  2.2  and
                  later.

                  NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

           domain (default: no domain list)
                  This  is a list of domain names, paths to files, or
                  dictionaries. When specified, only fully  qualified
                  search  keys  with  a  *non-empty*  localpart and a
                  matching domain are  eligible  for  lookup:  'user'
                  lookups,  bare domain lookups and "@domain" lookups
                  are not performed. This  can  significantly  reduce
                  the query load on the PostgreSQL server.
                      domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

                  It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eli-
                  gible for SQL lookups.

                  This parameter is available with  Postfix  2.2  and
                  later.

                  NOTE:  DO  NOT  define  this parameter for local(8)
                  aliases, because the input keys are always unquali-
                  fied.

           expansion_limit (default: 0)
                  A  limit  on  the  total  number of result elements
                  returned (as a comma separated list)  by  a  lookup
                  against  the  map.   A setting of zero disables the
                  limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error  if  the
                  limit  is exceeded.  Setting the limit to 1 ensures
                  that lookups do not return multiple values.

    OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES
           This section describes query interfaces  that  are  depre-
           cated  as of Postfix 2.2.  Please migrate to the new query
           interface as the old interfaces are slated  to  be  phased
           out.

           select_function
                  This  parameter specifies a database function name.
                  Example:
                      select_function = my_lookup_user_alias

                  This is equivalent to:
                      query = SELECT my_lookup_user_alias('%s')

                  This parameter overrides the  legacy  table-related
                  fields  (described  below).  With  Postfix versions
                  prior to 2.2, it also overrides the  query  parame-
                  ter. Starting with Postfix 2.2, the query parameter
                  has highest  precedence,  and  the  select_function
                  parameter is deprecated.

           The  following  parameters (with lower precedence than the
           select_function interface described above) can be used  to
           build the SQL select statement as follows:

               SELECT [select_field]
               FROM [table]
               WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                     [additional_conditions]

           The  specifier  %s  is  replaced  with  each lookup by the
           lookup key and is escaped so if it contains single  quotes
           or  other odd characters, it will not cause a parse error,
           or worse, a security problem.

           Starting with Postfix 2.2, this interface is obsoleted  by
           the  more  general  query  interface  described  above. If
           higher precedence the query or select_function  parameters
           described above are defined, the parameters described here
           are ignored.

           select_field
                  The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
                      select_field = forw_addr

           table  The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
                      table = mxaliases

           where_field
                  The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
                      where_field = alias

           additional_conditions
                  Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
                      additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

    SEE ALSO
           postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
           postconf(5), configuration parameters
           ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
           mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables
           sqlite_table(5), SQLite lookup tables

    README FILES
           DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
           PGSQL_README, Postfix PostgreSQL client guide

    LICENSE
           The  Secure  Mailer  license must be distributed with this
           software.

    HISTORY
           PgSQL support was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.

    AUTHOR(S)
           Based on the MySQL client by:
           Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
           IC Group, Inc.

           Ported to PostgreSQL by:
           Aaron Sethman

           Further enhanced by:
           Liviu Daia
           Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
           P.O. BOX 1-764
           RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA

                                                                    PGSQL_TABLE(5)