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"""Guess the MIME type of a file. 

 

This module defines two useful functions: 

 

guess_type(url, strict=True) -- guess the MIME type and encoding of a URL. 

 

guess_extension(type, strict=True) -- guess the extension for a given MIME type. 

 

It also contains the following, for tuning the behavior: 

 

Data: 

 

knownfiles -- list of files to parse 

inited -- flag set when init() has been called 

suffix_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes 

encodings_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to encodings 

types_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to types 

 

Functions: 

 

init([files]) -- parse a list of files, default knownfiles (on Windows, the 

default values are taken from the registry) 

read_mime_types(file) -- parse one file, return a dictionary or None 

""" 

 

import os 

import sys 

import posixpath 

import urllib.parse 

try: 

import winreg as _winreg 

except ImportError: 

_winreg = None 

 

__all__ = [ 

"knownfiles", "inited", "MimeTypes", 

"guess_type", "guess_all_extensions", "guess_extension", 

"add_type", "init", "read_mime_types", 

"suffix_map", "encodings_map", "types_map", "common_types" 

] 

 

knownfiles = [ 

"/etc/mime.types", 

"/etc/httpd/mime.types", # Mac OS X 

"/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache 

"/etc/apache/mime.types", # Apache 1 

"/etc/apache2/mime.types", # Apache 2 

"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", 

"/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types", 

"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache 1.2 

"/usr/local/etc/mime.types", # Apache 1.3 

] 

 

inited = False 

_db = None 

 

 

class MimeTypes: 

"""MIME-types datastore. 

 

This datastore can handle information from mime.types-style files 

and supports basic determination of MIME type from a filename or 

URL, and can guess a reasonable extension given a MIME type. 

""" 

 

def __init__(self, filenames=(), strict=True): 

if not inited: 

init() 

self.encodings_map = encodings_map.copy() 

self.suffix_map = suffix_map.copy() 

self.types_map = ({}, {}) # dict for (non-strict, strict) 

self.types_map_inv = ({}, {}) 

for (ext, type) in types_map.items(): 

self.add_type(type, ext, True) 

for (ext, type) in common_types.items(): 

self.add_type(type, ext, False) 

for name in filenames: 

self.read(name, strict) 

 

def add_type(self, type, ext, strict=True): 

"""Add a mapping between a type and an extension. 

 

When the extension is already known, the new 

type will replace the old one. When the type 

is already known the extension will be added 

to the list of known extensions. 

 

If strict is true, information will be added to 

list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard 

types. 

""" 

self.types_map[strict][ext] = type 

exts = self.types_map_inv[strict].setdefault(type, []) 

if ext not in exts: 

exts.append(ext) 

 

def guess_type(self, url, strict=True): 

"""Guess the type of a file based on its URL. 

 

Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if 

the type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string 

of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type 

header; and encoding is None for no encoding or the name of 

the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The 

mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case 

sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitive, then 

case insensitive. 

 

The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all 

mapped to '.tar.gz'. (This is table-driven too, using the 

dictionary suffix_map.) 

 

Optional `strict' argument when False adds a bunch of commonly found, 

but non-standard types. 

""" 

scheme, url = urllib.parse.splittype(url) 

if scheme == 'data': 

# syntax of data URLs: 

# dataurl := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data 

# mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter ) 

# data := *urlchar 

# parameter := attribute "=" value 

# type/subtype defaults to "text/plain" 

comma = url.find(',') 

if comma < 0: 

# bad data URL 

return None, None 

semi = url.find(';', 0, comma) 

if semi >= 0: 

type = url[:semi] 

else: 

type = url[:comma] 

if '=' in type or '/' not in type: 

type = 'text/plain' 

return type, None # never compressed, so encoding is None 

base, ext = posixpath.splitext(url) 

while ext in self.suffix_map: 

base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base + self.suffix_map[ext]) 

if ext in self.encodings_map: 

encoding = self.encodings_map[ext] 

base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base) 

else: 

encoding = None 

types_map = self.types_map[True] 

if ext in types_map: 

return types_map[ext], encoding 

elif ext.lower() in types_map: 

return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding 

elif strict: 

return None, encoding 

types_map = self.types_map[False] 

if ext in types_map: 

return types_map[ext], encoding 

elif ext.lower() in types_map: 

return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding 

else: 

return None, encoding 

 

def guess_all_extensions(self, type, strict=True): 

"""Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type. 

 

Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename 

extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not 

guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream, 

but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by guess_type(). 

 

Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, 

but non-standard types. 

""" 

type = type.lower() 

extensions = self.types_map_inv[True].get(type, []) 

if not strict: 

for ext in self.types_map_inv[False].get(type, []): 

if ext not in extensions: 

extensions.append(ext) 

return extensions 

 

def guess_extension(self, type, strict=True): 

"""Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type. 

 

Return value is a string giving a filename extension, 

including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not 

guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data 

stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by 

guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for `type', None 

is returned. 

 

Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, 

but non-standard types. 

""" 

extensions = self.guess_all_extensions(type, strict) 

if not extensions: 

return None 

return extensions[0] 

 

def read(self, filename, strict=True): 

""" 

Read a single mime.types-format file, specified by pathname. 

 

If strict is true, information will be added to 

list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard 

types. 

""" 

with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as fp: 

self.readfp(fp, strict) 

 

def readfp(self, fp, strict=True): 

""" 

Read a single mime.types-format file. 

 

If strict is true, information will be added to 

list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard 

types. 

""" 

while 1: 

line = fp.readline() 

if not line: 

break 

words = line.split() 

for i in range(len(words)): 

if words[i][0] == '#': 

del words[i:] 

break 

if not words: 

continue 

type, suffixes = words[0], words[1:] 

for suff in suffixes: 

self.add_type(type, '.' + suff, strict) 

 

def read_windows_registry(self, strict=True): 

""" 

Load the MIME types database from Windows registry. 

 

If strict is true, information will be added to 

list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard 

types. 

""" 

 

# Windows only 

if not _winreg: 

return 

 

def enum_types(mimedb): 

i = 0 

while True: 

try: 

ctype = _winreg.EnumKey(mimedb, i) 

except EnvironmentError: 

break 

else: 

if '\0' not in ctype: 

yield ctype 

i += 1 

 

with _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, '') as hkcr: 

for subkeyname in enum_types(hkcr): 

try: 

with _winreg.OpenKey(hkcr, subkeyname) as subkey: 

# Only check file extensions 

if not subkeyname.startswith("."): 

continue 

# raises EnvironmentError if no 'Content Type' value 

mimetype, datatype = _winreg.QueryValueEx( 

subkey, 'Content Type') 

if datatype != _winreg.REG_SZ: 

continue 

self.add_type(mimetype, subkeyname, strict) 

except EnvironmentError: 

continue 

 

def guess_type(url, strict=True): 

"""Guess the type of a file based on its URL. 

 

Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the 

type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string of the 

form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type header; and 

encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used 

to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The mappings are table 

driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are 

first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive. 

 

The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all mapped 

to ".tar.gz". (This is table-driven too, using the dictionary 

suffix_map). 

 

Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but 

non-standard types. 

""" 

if _db is None: 

init() 

return _db.guess_type(url, strict) 

 

 

def guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True): 

"""Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type. 

 

Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename 

extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not 

guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data 

stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by 

guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for `type', None 

is returned. 

 

Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, 

but non-standard types. 

""" 

if _db is None: 

init() 

return _db.guess_all_extensions(type, strict) 

 

def guess_extension(type, strict=True): 

"""Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type. 

 

Return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the 

leading dot ('.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been 

associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the 

MIME type `type' by guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for 

`type', None is returned. 

 

Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, 

but non-standard types. 

""" 

if _db is None: 

init() 

return _db.guess_extension(type, strict) 

 

def add_type(type, ext, strict=True): 

"""Add a mapping between a type and an extension. 

 

When the extension is already known, the new 

type will replace the old one. When the type 

is already known the extension will be added 

to the list of known extensions. 

 

If strict is true, information will be added to 

list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard 

types. 

""" 

if _db is None: 

init() 

return _db.add_type(type, ext, strict) 

 

 

def init(files=None): 

global suffix_map, types_map, encodings_map, common_types 

global inited, _db 

inited = True # so that MimeTypes.__init__() doesn't call us again 

db = MimeTypes() 

if files is None: 

if _winreg: 

db.read_windows_registry() 

files = knownfiles 

for file in files: 

if os.path.isfile(file): 

db.read(file) 

encodings_map = db.encodings_map 

suffix_map = db.suffix_map 

types_map = db.types_map[True] 

common_types = db.types_map[False] 

# Make the DB a global variable now that it is fully initialized 

_db = db 

 

 

def read_mime_types(file): 

try: 

f = open(file) 

except OSError: 

return None 

with f: 

db = MimeTypes() 

db.readfp(f, True) 

return db.types_map[True] 

 

 

def _default_mime_types(): 

global suffix_map 

global encodings_map 

global types_map 

global common_types 

 

suffix_map = { 

'.svgz': '.svg.gz', 

'.tgz': '.tar.gz', 

'.taz': '.tar.gz', 

'.tz': '.tar.gz', 

'.tbz2': '.tar.bz2', 

'.txz': '.tar.xz', 

} 

 

encodings_map = { 

'.gz': 'gzip', 

'.Z': 'compress', 

'.bz2': 'bzip2', 

'.xz': 'xz', 

} 

 

# Before adding new types, make sure they are either registered with IANA, 

# at http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types 

# or extensions, i.e. using the x- prefix 

 

# If you add to these, please keep them sorted! 

types_map = { 

'.a' : 'application/octet-stream', 

'.ai' : 'application/postscript', 

'.aif' : 'audio/x-aiff', 

'.aifc' : 'audio/x-aiff', 

'.aiff' : 'audio/x-aiff', 

'.au' : 'audio/basic', 

'.avi' : 'video/x-msvideo', 

'.bat' : 'text/plain', 

'.bcpio' : 'application/x-bcpio', 

'.bin' : 'application/octet-stream', 

'.bmp' : 'image/x-ms-bmp', 

'.c' : 'text/plain', 

# Duplicates :( 

'.cdf' : 'application/x-cdf', 

'.cdf' : 'application/x-netcdf', 

'.cpio' : 'application/x-cpio', 

'.csh' : 'application/x-csh', 

'.css' : 'text/css', 

'.csv' : 'text/csv', 

'.dll' : 'application/octet-stream', 

'.doc' : 'application/msword', 

'.dot' : 'application/msword', 

'.dvi' : 'application/x-dvi', 

'.eml' : 'message/rfc822', 

'.eps' : 'application/postscript', 

'.etx' : 'text/x-setext', 

'.exe' : 'application/octet-stream', 

'.gif' : 'image/gif', 

'.gtar' : 'application/x-gtar', 

'.h' : 'text/plain', 

'.hdf' : 'application/x-hdf', 

'.htm' : 'text/html', 

'.html' : 'text/html', 

'.ico' : 'image/vnd.microsoft.icon', 

'.ief' : 'image/ief', 

'.jpe' : 'image/jpeg', 

'.jpeg' : 'image/jpeg', 

'.jpg' : 'image/jpeg', 

'.js' : 'application/javascript', 

'.json' : 'application/json', 

'.ksh' : 'text/plain', 

'.latex' : 'application/x-latex', 

'.m1v' : 'video/mpeg', 

'.m3u' : 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl', 

'.m3u8' : 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl', 

'.man' : 'application/x-troff-man', 

'.me' : 'application/x-troff-me', 

'.mht' : 'message/rfc822', 

'.mhtml' : 'message/rfc822', 

'.mif' : 'application/x-mif', 

'.mov' : 'video/quicktime', 

'.movie' : 'video/x-sgi-movie', 

'.mp2' : 'audio/mpeg', 

'.mp3' : 'audio/mpeg', 

'.mp4' : 'video/mp4', 

'.mpa' : 'video/mpeg', 

'.mpe' : 'video/mpeg', 

'.mpeg' : 'video/mpeg', 

'.mpg' : 'video/mpeg', 

'.ms' : 'application/x-troff-ms', 

'.nc' : 'application/x-netcdf', 

'.nws' : 'message/rfc822', 

'.o' : 'application/octet-stream', 

'.obj' : 'application/octet-stream', 

'.oda' : 'application/oda', 

'.p12' : 'application/x-pkcs12', 

'.p7c' : 'application/pkcs7-mime', 

'.pbm' : 'image/x-portable-bitmap', 

'.pdf' : 'application/pdf', 

'.pfx' : 'application/x-pkcs12', 

'.pgm' : 'image/x-portable-graymap', 

'.pl' : 'text/plain', 

'.png' : 'image/png', 

'.pnm' : 'image/x-portable-anymap', 

'.pot' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint', 

'.ppa' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint', 

'.ppm' : 'image/x-portable-pixmap', 

'.pps' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint', 

'.ppt' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint', 

'.ps' : 'application/postscript', 

'.pwz' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint', 

'.py' : 'text/x-python', 

'.pyc' : 'application/x-python-code', 

'.pyo' : 'application/x-python-code', 

'.qt' : 'video/quicktime', 

'.ra' : 'audio/x-pn-realaudio', 

'.ram' : 'application/x-pn-realaudio', 

'.ras' : 'image/x-cmu-raster', 

'.rdf' : 'application/xml', 

'.rgb' : 'image/x-rgb', 

'.roff' : 'application/x-troff', 

'.rtx' : 'text/richtext', 

'.sgm' : 'text/x-sgml', 

'.sgml' : 'text/x-sgml', 

'.sh' : 'application/x-sh', 

'.shar' : 'application/x-shar', 

'.snd' : 'audio/basic', 

'.so' : 'application/octet-stream', 

'.src' : 'application/x-wais-source', 

'.sv4cpio': 'application/x-sv4cpio', 

'.sv4crc' : 'application/x-sv4crc', 

'.svg' : 'image/svg+xml', 

'.swf' : 'application/x-shockwave-flash', 

'.t' : 'application/x-troff', 

'.tar' : 'application/x-tar', 

'.tcl' : 'application/x-tcl', 

'.tex' : 'application/x-tex', 

'.texi' : 'application/x-texinfo', 

'.texinfo': 'application/x-texinfo', 

'.tif' : 'image/tiff', 

'.tiff' : 'image/tiff', 

'.tr' : 'application/x-troff', 

'.tsv' : 'text/tab-separated-values', 

'.txt' : 'text/plain', 

'.ustar' : 'application/x-ustar', 

'.vcf' : 'text/x-vcard', 

'.wav' : 'audio/x-wav', 

'.webm' : 'video/webm', 

'.wiz' : 'application/msword', 

'.wsdl' : 'application/xml', 

'.xbm' : 'image/x-xbitmap', 

'.xlb' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel', 

# Duplicates :( 

'.xls' : 'application/excel', 

'.xls' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel', 

'.xml' : 'text/xml', 

'.xpdl' : 'application/xml', 

'.xpm' : 'image/x-xpixmap', 

'.xsl' : 'application/xml', 

'.xwd' : 'image/x-xwindowdump', 

'.zip' : 'application/zip', 

} 

 

# These are non-standard types, commonly found in the wild. They will 

# only match if strict=0 flag is given to the API methods. 

 

# Please sort these too 

common_types = { 

'.jpg' : 'image/jpg', 

'.mid' : 'audio/midi', 

'.midi': 'audio/midi', 

'.pct' : 'image/pict', 

'.pic' : 'image/pict', 

'.pict': 'image/pict', 

'.rtf' : 'application/rtf', 

'.xul' : 'text/xul' 

} 

 

 

_default_mime_types() 

 

 

if __name__ == '__main__': 

import getopt 

 

USAGE = """\ 

Usage: mimetypes.py [options] type 

 

Options: 

--help / -h -- print this message and exit 

--lenient / -l -- additionally search of some common, but non-standard 

types. 

--extension / -e -- guess extension instead of type 

 

More than one type argument may be given. 

""" 

 

def usage(code, msg=''): 

print(USAGE) 

if msg: print(msg) 

sys.exit(code) 

 

try: 

opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hle', 

['help', 'lenient', 'extension']) 

except getopt.error as msg: 

usage(1, msg) 

 

strict = 1 

extension = 0 

for opt, arg in opts: 

if opt in ('-h', '--help'): 

usage(0) 

elif opt in ('-l', '--lenient'): 

strict = 0 

elif opt in ('-e', '--extension'): 

extension = 1 

for gtype in args: 

if extension: 

guess = guess_extension(gtype, strict) 

if not guess: print("I don't know anything about type", gtype) 

else: print(guess) 

else: 

guess, encoding = guess_type(gtype, strict) 

if not guess: print("I don't know anything about type", gtype) 

else: print('type:', guess, 'encoding:', encoding)