guestfs-building(1)

НАЗВА
guestfs-building - How to build libguestfs from source

ОПИС
This manual page describes how to build libguestfs from source.

Основні кроки:

•   Встановити вимоги.

•   Build, either from the git repository or from a tarball.

•   Виконати тестування.

•   Run the tools from the source directory, or install.

ВИМОГИ

  Short cut for Fedora or Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) users
On Fedora, use dnf(8) to install all the requirements:

 dnf builddep libguestfs

On systems still using yum(8), do:

 yum-builddep libguestfs

  Short cut for Debian or Ubuntu users
Use APT to install all the requirements:

 apt-get build-dep libguestfs

If that command doesn't work, take a look at the Debian source package http://packages.debian.org/source/libguestfs, at the list of "build-depends" and "build-depends-indep", and install everything listed there.

  Повний список вимог

appliance/packagelist.in
    Install as many package names found in this file as possible. (It is not strictly required to install all of them).

    Note: If you build libguestfs followed by installing appliance packages, the build will not pick them up automatically, even if you do "make clean". You have to do this command to clean the old supermin appliance and force a new one to be prepared:

     make -C appliance clean-supermin-appliance

qemu ≥ 1.3.0
    Обов’язкове.

qemu-img ≥ 1.3.0
    Required. Virt-p2v and virt-v2v requires qemu-img ≥ 2.2.0.

ядро ≥ 2.6.34
    Required. The following features must be enabled: "virtio-pci", "virtio-serial", "virtio-block", "virtio-net".

supermin ≥ 5.1.0
    Required. For alternatives, see "USING A PREBUILT BINARY APPLIANCE" below.

glibc
    Required. We use various glibc-isms, and glibc also provides XDR libraries and the "rpcgen" tool.

Gcc або Clang
    Required. We use "__attribute__((cleanup))" which is a GCC extension also supported by Clang.

Perl
    Required. Various build steps and tests are written in Perl. Perl is not needed at runtime except if you need to run a small number of virt tools which are still written in Perl.

Perl "Pod::Man"
Perl "Pod::Simple"
    Обов’язкове. Частина ядра Perl.

OCaml ≥ 3.11
OCaml findlib
    Required if compiling from git. Optional (but recommended) if compiling from tarball.

autoconf
automake
gettext
    Required if compiling from git. Optional if compiling from tarball.

cpio
    Обов’язкове.

gperf
    Обов’язкове.

flex
bison
    Обов’язкове.

Perl-compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) library
    Обов’язкове.

genisoimage
    Обов’язкове.

libxml2
    Обов’язкове.

ncurses
    Обов’язкове.

augeas ≥ 1.0.0
    Обов’язкове.

xz  Обов’язкове.

yajl ≥ 2.0.4
    Обов’язкове.

po4a
    Required if compiling from git. Optional if compiling from tarball.

hivex ≥ 1.2.7
    Required if compiling from git, and highly recommended otherwise. Various core features will be disabled if hivex is not available.

libmagic
    Required. This is the library used by the file(1) command.

libvirt ≥ 0.10.2
    Optional. Always use the latest possible version of libvirt.

xmllint
    Необов’язкове. Використовується лише для тестування.

libconfig
    Optional. Used to parse libguestfs's own config files, eg. /etc/libguestfs-tools.conf.

libselinux
    Optional. Used by the libvirt backend to securely confine the appliance (sVirt).

Засоби Berkeley DB (db_dump, db_load тощо)
    Optional. Usually found in a package called "db-utils", "db4-utils", "db4.X-utils" etc.

systemtap
    Optional. For userspace probes.

readline
    Optional. For nicer command line editing in guestfish(1).

acl Optional. Library and programs for handling POSIX ACLs.

libcap
    Optional. Library and programs for handling Linux capabilities.

libldm
    Optional. Library and ldmtool(1) for handling Windows Dynamic Disks.

sd-journal
    Optional. Library for accessing systemd journals.

gdisk
    Optional. GPT disk support.

netpbm
    Optional. Render icons from guests.

icoutils
    Optional. Render icons from Windows guests.

Perl "Expect"
    Optional. Perl module used to test virt-rescue(1).

FUSE
    Optional. fusermount(1), libfuse and kernel module are all needed if you want guestmount(1) and/or mount-local support.

статичний glibc
    Optional. Used only for testing.

qemu-nbd
nbdkit
    Optional. qemu-nbd is used for testing.

    virt-p2v(1) requires either qemu-nbd or nbdkit, but these only need to be present on the virt-p2v ISO, they do not need to be installed at compile time.

uml_mkcow
    Optional. For the UML backend.

curl
    Optional. Used by virt-builder for downloads.

GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG, gpg) v1 or v2
    Optional. Used by virt-builder for checking digital signatures.

liblzma
    Optional. If available, virt-builder will use this library for fast, parallel uncompression of templates.

Gtk ≥ 2.24, or 3
    Необов'язкове.

    Used by the virt-p2v graphical user interface.

    Either Gtk 2 or Gtk 3 can be used. If you want to select a specific version of Gtk, use "./configure --with-gtk=2" or "./configure --with-gtk=3".

D-Bus
    Необов'язкове.

    If the D-Bus low level C API is available, virt-p2v can send a D-Bus message to logind to inhibit power saving (sleep, suspend, etc) during P2V conversions.

    If this API is not available at build time, then very long conversions might be interrupted if the physical machine goes to sleep.

zip
unzip
    Optional. Used by virt-v2v to handle OVA files.

python-evtx
    Optional. Used by virt-log(1) to parse Windows Event Log files.

OCaml gettext
    Optional. For localizing OCaml virt tools.

ocaml-ounit ≥ 2.0.0
    Optional. For testing the common OCaml modules.

ocaml-libvirt ≥ 0.6.1.5
    Optional. For building the optional virt-v2v test harness.

Perl "Module::Build" ≥ 0.19
Perl "Test::More"
    Optional. Used to build and test the Perl bindings.

Python ≥ 2.2
    Optional. Used to build the Python bindings. For building Python 2 or Python 3 bindings, see "BUILDING PYTHON 2 AND PYTHON 3 BINDINGS" below.

Python "unittest"
    Optional. Used to run the Python testsuite.

Ruby
rake
rubygem-minitest
rubygem-rdoc
    Optional. Used to build the Ruby bindings.

Java ≥ 1.6
    Optional. Java, JNI and jpackage-utils are needed for building Java bindings.

GHC Необов’язкове. Використовується для збирання прив’язок до Haskell.

PHP
phpize
    Необов’язкове. Використовується для збирання прив’язок до PHP.

glib2
gobject-introspection
gjs Optional. Used to build and test the GObject bindings.

LUA Необов’язкове. Використовується для збирання прив’язок до LUA.

Erlang
erl_interface
    Необов’язкове. Використовується для збирання прив’язок до Erlang.

golang ≥ 1.1.1
    Необов’язкове. Використовується для збирання прив’язок до Go.

valgrind
    Необов’язкове. Використовується для діагностування проблем із пам’яттю.

Perl "Sys::Virt"
    Необов'язкове.

libvirt-python
    Optional. For testing Python libvirt/libguestfs interactions.

Perl "Win::Hivex"
    Optional. Used by the virt-win-reg(1) tool.

Perl "Pod::Usage"
    Optional. Used by some Perl virt tools.

Perl "libintl"
    Необов'язкове.

bash-completion
    Optional. For tab-completion of commands in bash.

libtsk
    Optional. Library for filesystem forensics analysis.

ЗБИРАННЯ ІЗ GIT
You will need to install additional dependencies "autoconf", "automake", "gettext", OCaml findlib and po4a when building from git.

 git clone https://github.com/libguestfs/libguestfs
 cd libguestfs
 ./autogen.sh
 make

ЗБИРАННЯ ІЗ АРХІВІВ TAR
Tarballs are downloaded from http://download.libguestfs.org/. Stable tarballs are signed with the GnuPG key for "rich@annexia.org", see https://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=vindex&search=0x91738F73E1B768A0. The fingerprint is "F777 4FB1 AD07 4A7E 8C87 67EA 9173 8F73 E1B7 68A0".

Отримайте і розпакуйте архів.

 cd libguestfs-1.xx.yy
 ./configure
 make

ТЕСТУВАННЯ
DO NOT run the tests as root! Libguestfs can be built and tested as non-root. Running the tests as root could even be dangerous, don't do it.

To sanity check that the build worked, do:

 make quickcheck

To run the basic tests, do:

 make check

There are many more tests you can run. See guestfs-hacking(1) for details.

ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ
DO NOT use "make install"! You'll end up with conflicting versions of libguestfs installed, and this causes constant headaches for users. See the next section for how to use the ./run script instead.

Distro packagers can use:

 make INSTALLDIRS=vendor DESTDIR=[temp-build-dir] install

СКРИПТ ./run
You can run guestfish(1), guestmount(1) and the virt tools without needing to install them by using the ./run script in the top directory. This script works by setting several environment variables.

Приклад:

 ./run guestfish [звичайні аргументи guestfish ...]

 ./run virt-inspector [usual virt-inspector args ...]

The ./run script adds every libguestfs binary to the $PATH, so the above examples run guestfish and virt-inspector from the build directory (not the globally installed guestfish if there is one).

You can use the script from any directory. If you wanted to run your own libguestfs-using program, then the following command will also work:

 /path/to/libguestfs/run ./my_program [...]

You can also run the C programs under valgrind like this:

 ./run valgrind [параметри valgrind...] virt-cat [параметри virt-cat...]

або у gdb:

 ./run gdb --аргументи virt-cat [параметри virt-cat...]

This also works with sudo (eg. if you need root access for libvirt or to access a block device):

 sudo ./run virt-cat -d LinuxGuest /etc/passwd

To set environment variables, you can either do:

 LIBGUESTFS_HV=/my/qemu ./run guestfish

або:

 ./run env LIBGUESTFS_HV=/my/qemu guestfish

local* ФАЙЛИ
Files in the top source directory that begin with the prefix local* are ignored by git. These files can contain local configuration or scripts that you need to build libguestfs.

I have a file called localconfigure which is a simple wrapper around autogen.sh containing local configure customizations that I need. It looks like this:

 . localenv
 ./autogen.sh \
     -C \
     --enable-werror \
     "$@"

So I can use this to build libguestfs:

 ./localconfigure && make

If there is a file in the top build directory called localenv, then it will be sourced by "make". This file can contain any local environment variables needed, eg. for skipping tests:

 # Використовувати інший інтерпретатор python.
 export PYTHON=python3
 # Пропустити цю перевірку, вона не працює.
 export SKIP_TEST_BTRFS_FSCK=1

Note that localenv is included by the top Makefile (so it's a Makefile fragment). But if it is also sourced by your localconfigure script then it is used as a shell script.

ВИБРАНІ ПАРАМЕТРИ ./configure
Для скрипту "./configure" передбачено багато параметрів. Зокрема, команда

 ./configure --help

показує список усіх цих параметрів. У цьому розділі наведено лише найважливіші з них.

--disable-appliance --disable-daemon
    See "USING A PREBUILT BINARY APPLIANCE" below.

--disable-erlang
--disable-gobject
--disable-golang
--disable-haskell
--disable-lua
--disable-ocaml
--disable-perl
--disable-php
--disable-python
--disable-ruby
    Disable specific language bindings, even if "./configure" finds all the necessary libraries are installed so that they could be compiled.

    Note that disabling OCaml or Perl will have the knock-on effect of disabling large numbers of virt tools and parts of the test suite.

--disable-fuse
    Disable FUSE support in the API and the guestmount(1) tool.

--disable-gnulib-tests
    On some platforms the GNUlib test suite can be flaky. This disables it, since errors in the GNUlib test suite are often not important.

--disable-static
    Don't build a static linked version of the libguestfs library.

--enable-install-daemon
    Normally guestfsd(8) is not installed by "make install", since that wouldn't be useful (instead it is "installed" inside the supermin appliance). However if packagers are building "libguestfs live" then they should use this option.

--enable-werror
    This turns compiler warnings into errors (ie. "-Werror"). Use this for development, especially when submitting patches. It should generally not be used for production or distro builds.

--with-default-backend=libvirt
    This controls the default method that libguestfs uses to run qemu (see "BACKEND" in guestfs(3)). If not specified, the default backend is "direct", which means libguestfs runs qemu directly.

    Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ≥ 7 use this flag to change the default backend to "libvirt", because (especially in RHEL) the policy is not to allow any program to run qemu except via libvirt.

    Note that despite this setting, all backends are built into libguestfs, and you can override the backend at runtime by setting the $LIBGUESTFS_BACKEND environment variable (or using API methods).

--with-extra="назва_дистрибутива=версія,libvirt,..."
--with-extra="local"
    This option controls the "extra" field returned by "guestfs_version" in guestfs(3) and also printed by virt tools' --version option. It is a free text field, but a good idea is to encode a comma-separated list of facts such as the distro name and version, whether libvirt is the default backend, and anything else that may help with debugging problems raised by users.

    For custom and/or local builds, this can be set to "local" to indicate this is not a distro build.

--without-libvirt
    Compile libguestfs without libvirt support, even if libvirt development libraries are installed.

--with-gtk=2
    This option forces virt-p2v to be built against Gtk 2, which is currently the most widely tested configuration.

--with-qemu="виконуваний файл1 виконуваний файл2 ..."
    Provide an alternate qemu binary (or list of binaries). This can be overridden at runtime by setting the "LIBGUESTFS_HV" environment variable.

--with-qemu-options="-M ... -cpu ..."
    If qemu requires extra options to work on this platform, you can pass them here, and they will be used both when testing and running qemu.

--with-supermin-packager-config=yum.conf
    This passes the --packager-config option to supermin(1).

    The most common use for this is to build the appliance using an alternate repository (instead of using the installed yum/dnf/apt/etc configuration to find and download packages). You might need to use this if you want to build libguestfs without having a network connection. Examples of using this can be found in the Fedora "libguestfs.spec" file (see "BUILDING A PACKAGE FOR FEDORA" below for resources).

--with-supermin-extra-options="--opt1 --opt2 ..."
    Pass additional options to supermin(1). See appliance/make.sh.in to understand precisely what this does.

PYTHON
    This environment variable may be set to point to a python binary (eg. "python3"). When "./configure" runs, it inspects this python binary to find the version of Python, the location of Python libraries and so on. See "BUILDING PYTHON 2 AND PYTHON 3 BINDINGS" below.

SUPERMIN
    This environment variable can be set to choose an alternative supermin(1) binary. This might be used, for example, if you want to use a newer upstream version of supermin than is packaged for your distro, or if supermin is not packaged at all. On RHEL 7, you must set "SUPERMIN=/usr/bin/supermin5" when compiling libguestfs.

НОТАТКИ ЩОДО QEMU І KVM
A common problem is with broken or incompatible qemu releases.

Different versions of qemu have problems booting the appliance for different reasons. This varies between versions of qemu, and Linux distributions which add their own patches.

If you find a problem, you could try using your own qemu built from source (qemu is very easy to build from source), with a "qemu wrapper". See "QEMU WRAPPERS" in guestfs(3).

By default the configure script will look for qemu-kvm (KVM support). KVM is much faster than using plain qemu.

You may also need to enable KVM support for non-root users, by following these instructions: http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#How_can_I_use_kvm_with_a_non-privileged_user.3F

On some systems, this will work too:

 chmod 0666 /dev/kvm

On some systems, the chmod will not survive a reboot, and you will need to make edits to the udev configuration.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ CLANG (LLVM) ЗАМІСТЬ GCC
 export CC=clang
 ./configure
 make

USING A PREBUILT BINARY APPLIANCE
To understand what the libguestfs appliance means, see guestfs-internals(1).

If you are using non-Linux, or a Linux distribution that does not have supermin(1) support, or simply if you don't want to build your own libguestfs appliance, then you can use one of the prebuilt binary appliances that we supply: http://libguestfs.org/download/binaries/appliance

Build libguestfs like this:

 ./configure --disable-appliance --disable-daemon
 make

Set $LIBGUESTFS_PATH to the path where you unpacked the appliance tarball, eg:

 export LIBGUESTFS_PATH=/usr/local/lib/guestfs/appliance

and run the libguestfs programs and virt tools in the normal way, eg. using the ./run script (see above).

ЗБИРАННЯ ПРИВ’ЯЗОК ДО PYTHON 2 І PYTHON 3
The ./configure script detects the currently installed version of Python using whatever program is called "python" in the current $PATH. Libguestfs will build Python 2 or Python 3 bindings as appropriate.

You can override this behaviour by specifying an alternate Python binary, eg:

 PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3 ./configure

To build parallel Python 2 and Python 3 bindings, you will need to build libguestfs twice. The second time, you can disable all the other bindings and tools and just build the Python bindings. See the Fedora spec file (see below) for a complete example of how to do this.

ЗБИРАННЯ ПАКУНКА ДЛЯ FEDORA
Файл spec для Fedora зберігається тут: http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/cgit/rpms/libguestfs.git/

Libguestfs is built in Fedora using the ordinary Fedora build system (Koji).

BUILDING A PACKAGE FOR RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) builds of libguestfs are heavily patched. There are broadly two types of patches we apply:

•   We disable many features that we do not wish to support for RHEL customers. For example, the "libguestfs live" feature is disabled.

•   We backport upstream features.

The patches we apply to RHEL releases are available publically in the upstream git repository, in a branch called "rhel-x.y"

For example, the RHEL 7.3 patches are available here: https://github.com/libguestfs/libguestfs/commits/rhel-7.3

The sources and spec files for RHEL versions of libguestfs are available on https://git.centos.org/project/rpms, and see also https://wiki.centos.org/Sources.

BUILDING i686 32 BIT VIRT-P2V
(Цей розділ стосується лише архітектури x86-64.)

Building a 32 bit virt-p2v (i686) binary improves compatibility with older hardware. See virt-p2v-make-disk(1) for details. Although virt-p2v is a simple Gtk application, it is not especially easy to build just virt-p2v as a 32 bit application on a 64 bit host. Usually the simplest way is to use a 32 bit chroot or even a 32 bit virtual machine to build libguestfs.

У Fedora ви можете скористатися інструментом mock(1). Приклад:

 fedpkg mockbuild --root fedora-23-i386

This will result in a virt-v2v-*.i686.rpm file which can be unpacked to extract the 32 bit virt-p2v binary.

The binary may be compressed to either p2v/virt-p2v.i686.xz, or $libdir/virt-p2v/virt-p2v.i686.xz or $VIRT_P2V_DATA_DIR/virt-p2v.i686.xz as appropriate. This enables the virt-p2v-make-disk(1) --arch option.

ТАКОЖ ПЕРЕГЛЯНЬТЕ
guestfs(3), guestfs-examples(3), guestfs-hacking(1), guestfs-internals(1), guestfs-performance(1), guestfs-release-notes(1), guestfs-testing(1), libguestfs-test-tool(1), libguestfs-make-fixed-appliance(1), http://libguestfs.org/.

АВТОРИ
Richard W.M. Jones ("rjones at redhat dot com")

АВТОРСЬКІ ПРАВА
Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Red Hat Inc.

LICENSE

BUGS
To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools

To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools

When reporting a bug, please supply:

•   The version of libguestfs.

•   Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled from source, etc)

•   Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce it.

•   Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the complete, unedited output into the bug report.