
=head1 НАЗВА

virt-make-fs - Make a filesystem from a tar archive or files

=head1 КОРОТКИЙ ОПИС

 virt-make-fs [--options] input.tar output.img

 virt-make-fs [--options] input.tar.gz output.img

 virt-make-fs [--options] directory output.img

=head1 ОПИС

Virt-make-fs is a command line tool for creating a filesystem from a tar
archive or some files in a directory.  It is similar to tools like
L<mkisofs(1)>, L<genisoimage(1)> and L<mksquashfs(1)>.  Unlike those tools,
it can create common filesystem types like ext2/3 or NTFS, which can be
useful if you want to attach these filesystems to existing virtual machines
(eg. to import large amounts of read-only data to a VM).

To create blank disks, use L<virt-format(1)>.  To create complex layouts,
use L<guestfish(1)>.

Базовий варіант використання:

 virt-make-fs вхідні_дані вихідний.образ

where C<input> is either a directory containing files that you want to add,
or a tar archive (either uncompressed tar or gzip-compressed tar); and
F<output.img> is a disk image.  The input type is detected automatically.
The output disk image defaults to a raw ext2 sparse image unless you specify
extra flags (see L</OPTIONS> below).

=head2 ТИП ФАЙЛОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ

The default filesystem type is C<ext2>.  Just about any filesystem type that
libguestfs supports can be used (but I<not> read-only formats like
ISO9660).  Here are some of the more common choices:

=over 4

=item I<ext3>

Note that ext3 filesystems contain a journal, typically 1-32 MB in size.  If
you are not going to use the filesystem in a way that requires the journal,
then this is just wasted overhead.

=item I<ntfs> або I<vfat>

Useful if exporting data to a Windows guest.

=item I<minix>

Lower overhead than C<ext2>, but certain limitations on filename length and
total filesystem size.

=back

=head3 ПРИКЛАД

 virt-make-fs --type=minix input minixfs.img

=head2 TO PARTITION OR NOT TO PARTITION

Optionally virt-make-fs can add a partition table to the output disk.

Adding a partition can make the disk image more compatible with certain
virtualized operating systems which don't expect to see a filesystem
directly located on a block device (Linux doesn't care and will happily
handle both types).

On the other hand, if you have a partition table then the output image is no
longer a straight filesystem.  For example you cannot run L<fsck(8)>
directly on a partitioned disk image.  (However libguestfs tools such as
L<guestfish(1)> and L<virt-resize(1)> can still be used).

=head3 ПРИКЛАД

Додавання розділу MBR:

 virt-make-fs --partition -- input образ.img

If the output disk image could be terabyte-sized or larger, it's better to
use an EFI/GPT-compatible partition table:

 virt-make-fs --partition=gpt --size=+4T --format=qcow2 input disk.img

=head2 EXTRA SPACE

Unlike formats such as tar and squashfs, a filesystem does not "just fit"
the files that it contains, but might have extra space.  Depending on how
you are going to use the output, you might think this extra space is wasted
and want to minimize it, or you might want to leave space so that more files
can be added later.  Virt-make-fs defaults to minimizing the extra space,
but you can use the I<--size> flag to leave space in the filesystem if you
want it.

An alternative way to leave extra space but not make the output image any
bigger is to use an alternative disk image format (instead of the default
"raw" format).  Using I<--format=qcow2> will use the native qemu/KVM qcow2
image format (check your hypervisor supports this before using it).  This
allows you to choose a large I<--size> but the extra space won't actually be
allocated in the image until you try to store something in it.

Don't forget that you can also use local commands including L<resize2fs(8)>
and L<virt-resize(1)> to resize existing filesystems, or rerun virt-make-fs
to build another image from scratch.

=head3 ПРИКЛАД

 virt-make-fs --format=qcow2 --size=+200M input output.img

=head1 ПАРАМЕТРИ

=over 4

=item B<--help>

Показати коротку довідку.

=item B<--floppy>

Створити віртуальну дискету.

Currently this preselects the size (1440K), partition type (MBR) and
filesystem type (VFAT).  In future it may also choose the geometry.

=item B<--size=>N

=item B<--size=+>N

=item B<-s> N

=item B<-s> B<+>N

Use the I<--size> (or I<-s>) option to choose the size of the output image.

If this option is I<not> given, then the output image will be just large
enough to contain all the files, with not much wasted space.

To choose a fixed size output disk, specify an absolute number followed by
b/K/M/G/T/P/E to mean bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes,
Petabytes or Exabytes.  This must be large enough to contain all the input
files, else you will get an error.

To leave extra space, specify C<+> (plus sign) and a number followed by
b/K/M/G/T/P/E to mean bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes,
Petabytes or Exabytes.  For example: I<--size=+200M> means enough space for
the input files, and (approximately) an extra 200 MB free space.

Note that virt-make-fs estimates free space, and therefore will not produce
filesystems containing precisely the free space requested.  (It is much more
expensive and time-consuming to produce a filesystem which has precisely the
desired free space).

=item B<--format=>ФОРМАТ

=item B<-F> ФОРМАТ

Вибрати формат образу диска-результату.

The default is C<raw> (raw sparse disk image).

=item B<--type=>ФС

=item B<-t> ФС

Вибрати тип файлової системи для виведення даних.

Типовим значенням є C<ext2>.

Any filesystem which is supported read-write by libguestfs can be used here.

=item B<--label=>МІТКА

Set the filesystem label.

=item B<--partition>

=item B<--partition=>ТИП РОЗДІЛУ

If specified, this flag adds an MBR partition table to the output disk
image.

You can change the partition table type, eg. I<--partition=gpt> for large
disks.

For MBR, virt-make-fs sets the partition type byte automatically.

=item B<-v>

=item B<--verbose>

Увімкнути виведення діагностичних даних.

=item B<-V>

=item B<--version>

Показати дані щодо версії і завершити роботу.

=item B<-x>

Увімкнути трасування libguestfs.

=back

=head1 ТАКОЖ ПЕРЕГЛЯНЬТЕ

L<guestfish(1)>, L<virt-format(1)>, L<virt-resize(1)>, L<virt-tar-in(1)>,
L<mkisofs(1)>, L<genisoimage(1)>, L<mksquashfs(1)>, L<mke2fs(8)>,
L<resize2fs(8)>, L<guestfs(3)>, L<http://libguestfs.org/>.

=head1 АВТОР

Richard W.M. Jones L<http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/>

=head1 АВТОРСЬКІ ПРАВА

Copyright (C) 2010-2017 Red Hat Inc.

