# Element default values and unmarshalling

Because of the "strange" way that element default values in XML Schema work, people often get confused about their behavior. This section describes how this works.

When a class has an element property with the default value, and if the document you are reading is missing the element, then the unmarshaller does not fill the field with the default value. Instead, the unmarshaller fills in the field when the element is present but the content is missing. See below:

XML instance 1

    <foo />

XML instance 2

    <foo>
      <a/>  <!-- or <a></a> -->
    </foo>

XML instance 3

    <foo>
      <a>abc</a>
    </foo>

Element defaults and XML

    @XmlRootElement
    class Foo {
      @XmlElement(defaultValue="value") public String a=null;
    }

    Foo foo = unmarshaller.unmarshal("instance1.xml");
    System.out.println(foo.a);   // null

    Foo foo = unmarshaller.unmarshal("instance2.xml");
    System.out.println(foo.a);   // "value". The default kicked in.

    Foo foo = unmarshaller.unmarshal("instance3.xml");
    System.out.println(foo.a);   // "abc". Read from the instance.

This is consistent with the XML Schema spec, where it essentially states that the element defaults do not kick in when the element is absent, so unfortunately we can't change this behavior.

Depending on your expectation, using a field initializer may achieve what you are looking for. See below:

Possible changes by using field initializer

    @XmlRootElement
    class Foo {
      @XmlElement public String a="value";
    }

    Foo foo = unmarshaller.unmarshal("instance1.xml");
    System.out.println(foo.a);   // "value", because Jakarta XML Binding didn't overwrite the value

    Foo foo = unmarshaller.unmarshal("instance2.xml");
    System.out.println(foo.a);   // "", because <a> element had 0-length string in it

    Foo foo = unmarshaller.unmarshal("instance3.xml");
    System.out.println(foo.a);   // "abc". Read from the instance.

Alternatively, attribute default values work in a way that agrees with the typical expectation, so consider using that. Also, see .