diff --git a/Lib/hashlib.py b/Lib/hashlib.py

index bbd06b9..72361bb 100644

--- a/Lib/hashlib.py

+++ b/Lib/hashlib.py

@@ -6,9 +6,12 @@

 __doc__ = """hashlib module - A common interface to many hash functions.

-new(name, string='') - returns a new hash object implementing the

-                       given hash function; initializing the hash

-                       using the given string data.

+new(name, string='', usedforsecurity=True)

+     - returns a new hash object implementing the given hash function;

+       initializing the hash using the given string data.

+

+       "usedforsecurity" is a non-standard extension for better supporting

+       FIPS-compliant environments (see below)

 Named constructor functions are also available, these are much faster

 than using new():

@@ -25,6 +28,20 @@ the zlib module.

 Choose your hash function wisely.  Some have known collision weaknesses.

 sha384 and sha512 will be slow on 32 bit platforms.

+Our implementation of hashlib uses OpenSSL.

+

+OpenSSL has a "FIPS mode", which, if enabled, may restrict the available hashes

+to only those that are compliant with FIPS regulations.  For example, it may

+deny the use of MD5, on the grounds that this is not secure for uses such as

+authentication, system integrity checking, or digital signatures.   

+

+If you need to use such a hash for non-security purposes (such as indexing into

+a data structure for speed), you can override the keyword argument

+"usedforsecurity" from True to False to signify that your code is not relying

+on the hash for security purposes, and this will allow the hash to be usable

+even in FIPS mode.  This is not a standard feature of Python 2.7's hashlib, and

+is included here to better support FIPS mode.

+

 Hash objects have these methods:

  - update(arg): Update the hash object with the string arg. Repeated calls

                 are equivalent to a single call with the concatenation of all

@@ -69,66 +86,31 @@ __all__ = __always_supported + ('new', 'algorithms_guaranteed',

                                 'pbkdf2_hmac')

-def __get_builtin_constructor(name):

-    try:

-        if name in ('SHA1', 'sha1'):

-            import _sha

-            return _sha.new

-        elif name in ('MD5', 'md5'):

-            import _md5

-            return _md5.new

-        elif name in ('SHA256', 'sha256', 'SHA224', 'sha224'):

-            import _sha256

-            bs = name[3:]

-            if bs == '256':

-                return _sha256.sha256

-            elif bs == '224':

-                return _sha256.sha224

-        elif name in ('SHA512', 'sha512', 'SHA384', 'sha384'):

-            import _sha512

-            bs = name[3:]

-            if bs == '512':

-                return _sha512.sha512

-            elif bs == '384':

-                return _sha512.sha384

-    except ImportError:

-        pass  # no extension module, this hash is unsupported.

-

-    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)

-

-

 def __get_openssl_constructor(name):

     try:

         f = getattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_' + name)

         # Allow the C module to raise ValueError.  The function will be

         # defined but the hash not actually available thanks to OpenSSL.

-        f()

+        #

+        # We pass "usedforsecurity=False" to disable FIPS-based restrictions:

+        # at this stage we're merely seeing if the function is callable,

+        # rather than using it for actual work.

+        f(usedforsecurity=False)

         # Use the C function directly (very fast)

         return f

     except (AttributeError, ValueError):

-        return __get_builtin_constructor(name)

+        raise

-

-def __py_new(name, string=''):

-    """new(name, string='') - Return a new hashing object using the named algorithm;

-    optionally initialized with a string.

-    """

-    return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(string)

-

-

-def __hash_new(name, string=''):

+def __hash_new(name, string='', usedforsecurity=True):

     """new(name, string='') - Return a new hashing object using the named algorithm;

     optionally initialized with a string.

+    Override 'usedforsecurity' to False when using for non-security purposes in

+    a FIPS environment

     """

     try:

-        return _hashlib.new(name, string)

+        return _hashlib.new(name, string, usedforsecurity)

     except ValueError:

-        # If the _hashlib module (OpenSSL) doesn't support the named

-        # hash, try using our builtin implementations.

-        # This allows for SHA224/256 and SHA384/512 support even though

-        # the OpenSSL library prior to 0.9.8 doesn't provide them.

-        return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(string)

-

+        raise

 try:

     import _hashlib

@@ -137,8 +119,8 @@ try:

     algorithms_available = algorithms_available.union(

         _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)

 except ImportError:

-    new = __py_new

-    __get_hash = __get_builtin_constructor

+    # We don't build the legacy modules

+    raise

 for __func_name in __always_supported:

     # try them all, some may not work due to the OpenSSL

@@ -218,4 +200,4 @@ except ImportError:

 # Cleanup locals()

 del __always_supported, __func_name, __get_hash

-del __py_new, __hash_new, __get_openssl_constructor

+del __hash_new, __get_openssl_constructor

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py b/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py

index b8d6388..e0520ed 100644

--- a/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py

+++ b/Lib/test/test_hashlib.py

@@ -34,6 +34,19 @@ def hexstr(s):

         r = r + h[(i >> 4) & 0xF] + h[i & 0xF]

     return r

+def openssl_enforces_fips():

+    # Use the "openssl" command (if present) to try to determine if the local

+    # OpenSSL is configured to enforce FIPS

+    from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

+    try:

+        p = Popen(['openssl', 'md5'],

+                  stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)

+    except OSError:

+        # "openssl" command not found

+        return False

+    stdout, stderr = p.communicate(input=b'abc')

+    return b'unknown cipher' in stderr

+OPENSSL_ENFORCES_FIPS = openssl_enforces_fips()

 class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

     supported_hash_names = ( 'md5', 'MD5', 'sha1', 'SHA1',

@@ -63,10 +76,10 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

         # of hashlib.new given the algorithm name.

         for algorithm, constructors in self.constructors_to_test.items():

             constructors.add(getattr(hashlib, algorithm))

-            def _test_algorithm_via_hashlib_new(data=None, _alg=algorithm):

+            def _test_algorithm_via_hashlib_new(data=None, _alg=algorithm, usedforsecurity=True):

                 if data is None:

-                    return hashlib.new(_alg)

-                return hashlib.new(_alg, data)

+                    return hashlib.new(_alg, usedforsecurity=usedforsecurity)

+                return hashlib.new(_alg, data, usedforsecurity=usedforsecurity)

             constructors.add(_test_algorithm_via_hashlib_new)

         _hashlib = self._conditional_import_module('_hashlib')

@@ -80,28 +93,13 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

                 if constructor:

                     constructors.add(constructor)

-        _md5 = self._conditional_import_module('_md5')

-        if _md5:

-            self.constructors_to_test['md5'].add(_md5.new)

-        _sha = self._conditional_import_module('_sha')

-        if _sha:

-            self.constructors_to_test['sha1'].add(_sha.new)

-        _sha256 = self._conditional_import_module('_sha256')

-        if _sha256:

-            self.constructors_to_test['sha224'].add(_sha256.sha224)

-            self.constructors_to_test['sha256'].add(_sha256.sha256)

-        _sha512 = self._conditional_import_module('_sha512')

-        if _sha512:

-            self.constructors_to_test['sha384'].add(_sha512.sha384)

-            self.constructors_to_test['sha512'].add(_sha512.sha512)

-

         super(HashLibTestCase, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

     def test_hash_array(self):

         a = array.array("b", range(10))

         constructors = self.constructors_to_test.itervalues()

         for cons in itertools.chain.from_iterable(constructors):

-            c = cons(a)

+            c = cons(a, usedforsecurity=False)

             c.hexdigest()

     def test_algorithms_attribute(self):

@@ -122,28 +120,9 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

         self.assertRaises(ValueError, hashlib.new, 'spam spam spam spam spam')

         self.assertRaises(TypeError, hashlib.new, 1)

-    def test_get_builtin_constructor(self):

-        get_builtin_constructor = hashlib.__dict__[

-                '__get_builtin_constructor']

-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, get_builtin_constructor, 'test')

-        try:

-            import _md5

-        except ImportError:

-            pass

-        # This forces an ImportError for "import _md5" statements

-        sys.modules['_md5'] = None

-        try:

-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, get_builtin_constructor, 'md5')

-        finally:

-            if '_md5' in locals():

-                sys.modules['_md5'] = _md5

-            else:

-                del sys.modules['_md5']

-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, get_builtin_constructor, 3)

-

     def test_hexdigest(self):

         for name in self.supported_hash_names:

-            h = hashlib.new(name)

+            h = hashlib.new(name, usedforsecurity=False)

             self.assertTrue(hexstr(h.digest()) == h.hexdigest())

     def test_large_update(self):

@@ -153,16 +132,16 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

         abcs = aas + bees + cees

         for name in self.supported_hash_names:

-            m1 = hashlib.new(name)

+            m1 = hashlib.new(name, usedforsecurity=False)

             m1.update(aas)

             m1.update(bees)

             m1.update(cees)

-            m2 = hashlib.new(name)

+            m2 = hashlib.new(name, usedforsecurity=False)

             m2.update(abcs)

             self.assertEqual(m1.digest(), m2.digest(), name+' update problem.')

-            m3 = hashlib.new(name, abcs)

+            m3 = hashlib.new(name, abcs, usedforsecurity=False)

             self.assertEqual(m1.digest(), m3.digest(), name+' new problem.')

     def check(self, name, data, digest):

@@ -170,7 +149,7 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

         # 2 is for hashlib.name(...) and hashlib.new(name, ...)

         self.assertGreaterEqual(len(constructors), 2)

         for hash_object_constructor in constructors:

-            computed = hash_object_constructor(data).hexdigest()

+            computed = hash_object_constructor(data, usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()

             self.assertEqual(

                     computed, digest,

                     "Hash algorithm %s constructed using %s returned hexdigest"

@@ -195,7 +174,8 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

     def check_unicode(self, algorithm_name):

         # Unicode objects are not allowed as input.

-        expected = hashlib.new(algorithm_name, str(u'spam')).hexdigest()

+        expected = hashlib.new(algorithm_name, str(u'spam'),

+                               usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()

         self.check(algorithm_name, u'spam', expected)

     def test_unicode(self):

@@ -394,6 +374,70 @@ class HashLibTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

         self.assertEqual(expected_hash, hasher.hexdigest())

+    def test_issue9146(self):

+        # Ensure that various ways to use "MD5" from "hashlib" don't segfault:

+        m = hashlib.md5(usedforsecurity=False)

+        m.update(b'abc\n')

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+        

+        m = hashlib.new('md5', usedforsecurity=False)

+        m.update(b'abc\n')

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+        

+        m = hashlib.md5(b'abc\n', usedforsecurity=False)

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+        

+        m = hashlib.new('md5', b'abc\n', usedforsecurity=False)

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+

+    def assertRaisesUnknownCipher(self, callable_obj=None, *args, **kwargs):

+        try:

+            callable_obj(*args, **kwargs)

+        except ValueError, e:

+            if not e.args[0].endswith('unknown cipher'):

+                self.fail('Incorrect exception raised')

+        else:

+            self.fail('Exception was not raised')

+

+    @unittest.skipUnless(OPENSSL_ENFORCES_FIPS,

+                         'FIPS enforcement required for this test.')

+    def test_hashlib_fips_mode(self):        

+        # Ensure that we raise a ValueError on vanilla attempts to use MD5

+        # in hashlib in a FIPS-enforced setting:

+        self.assertRaisesUnknownCipher(hashlib.md5)

+        self.assertRaisesUnknownCipher(hashlib.new, 'md5')

+

+    @unittest.skipUnless(OPENSSL_ENFORCES_FIPS,

+                         'FIPS enforcement required for this test.')

+    def test_hashopenssl_fips_mode(self):

+        # Verify the _hashlib module's handling of md5:

+        import _hashlib

+

+        assert hasattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_md5')

+

+        # Ensure that _hashlib raises a ValueError on vanilla attempts to

+        # use MD5 in a FIPS-enforced setting:

+        self.assertRaisesUnknownCipher(_hashlib.openssl_md5)

+        self.assertRaisesUnknownCipher(_hashlib.new, 'md5')

+

+        # Ensure that in such a setting we can whitelist a callsite with

+        # usedforsecurity=False and have it succeed:

+        m = _hashlib.openssl_md5(usedforsecurity=False)

+        m.update('abc\n')

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+        

+        m = _hashlib.new('md5', usedforsecurity=False)

+        m.update('abc\n')

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+        

+        m = _hashlib.openssl_md5('abc\n', usedforsecurity=False)

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+        

+        m = _hashlib.new('md5', 'abc\n', usedforsecurity=False)

+        self.assertEquals(m.hexdigest(), "0bee89b07a248e27c83fc3d5951213c1")

+        

+

+

 class KDFTests(unittest.TestCase):

     pbkdf2_test_vectors = [

         (b'password', b'salt', 1, None),

diff --git a/Modules/Setup.dist b/Modules/Setup.dist

index b8f9702..00e5f18 100644

--- a/Modules/Setup.dist

+++ b/Modules/Setup.dist

@@ -252,14 +252,14 @@ imageop imageop.c	# Operations on images

 # Message-Digest Algorithm, described in RFC 1321.  The necessary files

 # md5.c and md5.h are included here.

-_md5 md5module.c md5.c

+#_md5 md5module.c md5.c

 # The _sha module implements the SHA checksum algorithms.

 # (NIST's Secure Hash Algorithms.)

-_sha shamodule.c

-_sha256 sha256module.c

-_sha512 sha512module.c

+#_sha shamodule.c

+#_sha256 sha256module.c

+#_sha512 sha512module.c

 # SGI IRIX specific modules -- off by default.

diff --git a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c

index 5df08e5..382ab9a 100644

--- a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c

+++ b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@

 #endif

 /* EVP is the preferred interface to hashing in OpenSSL */

+#include <openssl/ssl.h>

 #include <openssl/evp.h>

 #include <openssl/err.h>

 /* We use the object interface to discover what hashes OpenSSL supports. */

@@ -81,9 +82,19 @@ typedef struct {

 static PyTypeObject EVPtype;

-#define DEFINE_CONSTS_FOR_NEW(Name)  \

-    static PyObject *CONST_ ## Name ## _name_obj = NULL; \

-    static EVP_MD_CTX *CONST_new_ ## Name ## _ctx_p = NULL;

+/* Struct to hold all the cached information we need on a specific algorithm.

+   We have one of these per algorithm */

+typedef struct {

+    PyObject *name_obj;

+    EVP_MD_CTX ctxs[2];

+    /* ctx_ptrs will point to ctxs unless an error occurred, when it will

+       be NULL: */

+    EVP_MD_CTX *ctx_ptrs[2];

+    PyObject *error_msgs[2];

+} EVPCachedInfo;

+ 

+#define DEFINE_CONSTS_FOR_NEW(Name) \

+    static EVPCachedInfo cached_info_ ##Name;

 DEFINE_CONSTS_FOR_NEW(md5)

 DEFINE_CONSTS_FOR_NEW(sha1)

@@ -167,6 +178,48 @@ EVP_hash(EVPobject *self, const void *vp, Py_ssize_t len)

     }

 }

+static void

+mc_ctx_init(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx, int usedforsecurity)

+{

+    EVP_MD_CTX_init(ctx);

+

+    /*

+      If the user has declared that this digest is being used in a

+      non-security role (e.g. indexing into a data structure), set

+      the exception flag for openssl to allow it

+    */

+    if (!usedforsecurity) {

+#ifdef EVP_MD_CTX_FLAG_NON_FIPS_ALLOW

+        EVP_MD_CTX_set_flags(ctx,

+                             EVP_MD_CTX_FLAG_NON_FIPS_ALLOW);

+#endif

+    }

+}

+

+/* Get an error msg for the last error as a PyObject */

+static PyObject *

+error_msg_for_last_error(void)

+{

+    char *errstr;

+

+    errstr = ERR_error_string(ERR_peek_last_error(), NULL);

+    ERR_clear_error();

+

+    return PyString_FromString(errstr); /* Can be NULL */

+}

+

+static void

+set_evp_exception(void)

+{

+    char *errstr;

+

+    errstr = ERR_error_string(ERR_peek_last_error(), NULL);

+    ERR_clear_error();

+

+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, errstr);

+}

+

+

 /* Internal methods for a hash object */

 static void

@@ -388,14 +441,15 @@ EVP_repr(PyObject *self)

 static int

 EVP_tp_init(EVPobject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)

 {

-    static char *kwlist[] = {"name", "string", NULL};

+    static char *kwlist[] = {"name", "string", "usedforsecurity", NULL};

     PyObject *name_obj = NULL;

+    int usedforsecurity = 1;

     Py_buffer view = { 0 };

     char *nameStr;

     const EVP_MD *digest;

-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O|s*:HASH", kwlist,

-                                     &name_obj, &view)) {

+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O|s*i:HASH", kwlist,

+                                     &name_obj, &view, &usedforsecurity)) {

         return -1;

     }

@@ -411,7 +465,12 @@ EVP_tp_init(EVPobject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)

         PyBuffer_Release(&view);

         return -1;

     }

-    EVP_DigestInit(self->ctx, digest);

+    mc_ctx_init(self->ctx, usedforsecurity);

+    if (!EVP_DigestInit_ex(self->ctx, digest, NULL)) {

+        set_evp_exception();

+        PyBuffer_Release(&view);

+        return -1;

+    }

     self->name = name_obj;

     Py_INCREF(self->name);

@@ -495,7 +554,8 @@ static PyTypeObject EVPtype = {

 static PyObject *

 EVPnew(PyObject *name_obj,

        const EVP_MD *digest, const EVP_MD_CTX *initial_ctx,

-       const unsigned char *cp, Py_ssize_t len)

+       const unsigned char *cp, Py_ssize_t len,

+       int usedforsecurity)

 {

     EVPobject *self;

@@ -510,7 +570,12 @@ EVPnew(PyObject *name_obj,

     if (initial_ctx) {

         EVP_MD_CTX_copy(self->ctx, initial_ctx);

     } else {

-        EVP_DigestInit(self->ctx, digest);

+        mc_ctx_init(self->ctx, usedforsecurity);

+        if (!EVP_DigestInit_ex(self->ctx, digest, NULL)) {

+            set_evp_exception();

+            Py_DECREF(self);

+            return NULL;

+        }

     }

     if (cp && len) {

@@ -534,20 +599,28 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(EVP_new__doc__,

 An optional string argument may be provided and will be\n\

 automatically hashed.\n\

 \n\

-The MD5 and SHA1 algorithms are always supported.\n");

+The MD5 and SHA1 algorithms are always supported.\n\

+\n\

+An optional \"usedforsecurity=True\" keyword argument is provided for use in\n\

+environments that enforce FIPS-based restrictions.  Some implementations of\n\

+OpenSSL can be configured to prevent the usage of non-secure algorithms (such\n\

+as MD5).  If you have a non-security use for these algorithms (e.g. a hash\n\

+table), you can override this argument by marking the callsite as\n\

+\"usedforsecurity=False\".");

 static PyObject *

 EVP_new(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwdict)

 {

-    static char *kwlist[] = {"name", "string", NULL};

+    static char *kwlist[] = {"name", "string", "usedforsecurity", NULL};

     PyObject *name_obj = NULL;

     Py_buffer view = { 0 };

     PyObject *ret_obj;

     char *name;

     const EVP_MD *digest;

+    int usedforsecurity = 1;

-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwdict, "O|s*:new", kwlist,

-                                     &name_obj, &view)) {

+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwdict, "O|s*i:new", kwlist,

+                                     &name_obj, &view, &usedforsecurity)) {

         return NULL;

     }

@@ -560,7 +633,7 @@ EVP_new(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwdict)

     digest = EVP_get_digestbyname(name);

     ret_obj = EVPnew(name_obj, digest, NULL, (unsigned char*)view.buf,

-                     view.len);

+                     view.len, usedforsecurity);

     PyBuffer_Release(&view);

     return ret_obj;

@@ -820,51 +893,111 @@ generate_hash_name_list(void)

 /*

- *  This macro generates constructor function definitions for specific

- *  hash algorithms.  These constructors are much faster than calling

- *  the generic one passing it a python string and are noticeably

- *  faster than calling a python new() wrapper.  Thats important for

+ *  This macro and function generates a family of constructor function

+ *  definitions for specific hash algorithms.  These constructors are much

+ *  faster than calling the generic one passing it a python string and are

+ *  noticably faster than calling a python new() wrapper.  That's important for

  *  code that wants to make hashes of a bunch of small strings.

  */

 #define GEN_CONSTRUCTOR(NAME)  \

     static PyObject * \

-    EVP_new_ ## NAME (PyObject *self, PyObject *args) \

+    EVP_new_ ## NAME (PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwdict) \

     { \

-        Py_buffer view = { 0 }; \

-        PyObject *ret_obj; \

-     \

-        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|s*:" #NAME , &view)) { \

-            return NULL; \

-        } \

-     \

-        ret_obj = EVPnew( \

-                    CONST_ ## NAME ## _name_obj, \

-                    NULL, \

-                    CONST_new_ ## NAME ## _ctx_p, \

-                    (unsigned char*)view.buf, view.len); \

-        PyBuffer_Release(&view); \

-        return ret_obj; \

+        return implement_specific_EVP_new(self, args, kwdict,       \

+                                          "|s*i:" #NAME,            \

+                                          &cached_info_ ## NAME );  \

     }

+static PyObject *

+implement_specific_EVP_new(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwdict,

+                           const char *format,

+                           EVPCachedInfo *cached_info)

+{

+    static char *kwlist[] = {"string", "usedforsecurity", NULL};

+    Py_buffer view = { 0 };

+    int usedforsecurity = 1;

+    int idx;

+    PyObject *ret_obj = NULL;

+

+    assert(cached_info);

+

+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwdict, format, kwlist,

+                                     &view, &usedforsecurity)) {

+        return NULL;

+    }

+

+    idx = usedforsecurity ? 1 : 0;

+

+    /*

+     * If an error occurred during creation of the global content, the ctx_ptr

+     * will be NULL, and the error_msg will hopefully be non-NULL:

+     */

+    if (cached_info->ctx_ptrs[idx]) {

+        /* We successfully initialized this context; copy it: */

+        ret_obj = EVPnew(cached_info->name_obj,

+                         NULL,

+                         cached_info->ctx_ptrs[idx],

+                         (unsigned char*)view.buf, view.len,

+                         usedforsecurity);

+    } else {

+        /* Some kind of error happened initializing the global context for

+           this (digest, usedforsecurity) pair.

+           Raise an exception with the saved error message: */

+        if (cached_info->error_msgs[idx]) {

+            PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_ValueError, cached_info->error_msgs[idx]);

+        } else {

+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Error initializing hash");

+        }

+    }

+

+    PyBuffer_Release(&view);

+

+    return ret_obj;

+}

+

 /* a PyMethodDef structure for the constructor */

 #define CONSTRUCTOR_METH_DEF(NAME)  \

-    {"openssl_" #NAME, (PyCFunction)EVP_new_ ## NAME, METH_VARARGS, \

+    {"openssl_" #NAME, (PyCFunction)EVP_new_ ## NAME, \

+        METH_VARARGS |METH_KEYWORDS, \

         PyDoc_STR("Returns a " #NAME \

                   " hash object; optionally initialized with a string") \

     }

-/* used in the init function to setup a constructor: initialize OpenSSL

-   constructor constants if they haven't been initialized already.  */

-#define INIT_CONSTRUCTOR_CONSTANTS(NAME)  do { \

-    if (CONST_ ## NAME ## _name_obj == NULL) { \

-    CONST_ ## NAME ## _name_obj = PyString_FromString(#NAME); \

-        if (EVP_get_digestbyname(#NAME)) { \

-            CONST_new_ ## NAME ## _ctx_p = EVP_MD_CTX_new(); \

-            EVP_DigestInit(CONST_new_ ## NAME ## _ctx_p, EVP_get_digestbyname(#NAME)); \

-        } \

-    } \

+/*

+  Macro/function pair to set up the constructors.

+

+  Try to initialize a context for each hash twice, once with

+  EVP_MD_CTX_FLAG_NON_FIPS_ALLOW and once without.

+

+  Any that have errors during initialization will end up wit a NULL ctx_ptrs

+  entry, and err_msgs will be set (unless we're very low on memory)

+*/

+#define INIT_CONSTRUCTOR_CONSTANTS(NAME)  do {    \

+    init_constructor_constant(&cached_info_ ## NAME, #NAME); \

 } while (0);

+static void

+init_constructor_constant(EVPCachedInfo *cached_info, const char *name)

+{

+    assert(cached_info);

+    cached_info->name_obj = PyString_FromString(name);

+    if (EVP_get_digestbyname(name)) {

+        int i;

+        for (i=0; i<2; i++) {

+            mc_ctx_init(&cached_info->ctxs[i], i);

+            if (EVP_DigestInit_ex(&cached_info->ctxs[i],

+                                  EVP_get_digestbyname(name), NULL)) {

+                /* Success: */

+                cached_info->ctx_ptrs[i] = &cached_info->ctxs[i];

+            } else {

+                /* Failure: */

+                cached_info->ctx_ptrs[i] = NULL;

+                cached_info->error_msgs[i] = error_msg_for_last_error();

+            }

+        }

+    }

+}

+

 GEN_CONSTRUCTOR(md5)

 GEN_CONSTRUCTOR(sha1)

 #ifdef _OPENSSL_SUPPORTS_SHA2

@@ -903,6 +1036,8 @@ init_hashlib(void)

 #if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L) || defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)

     /* Load all digest algorithms and initialize cpuid */

+    SSL_load_error_strings();

+    SSL_library_init();

     OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf();

     ERR_load_crypto_strings();

 #endif

diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py

index 77e3a40..b401ab8 100644

--- a/setup.py

+++ b/setup.py

@@ -920,21 +920,6 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext):

                 print ("warning: openssl 0x%08x is too old for _hashlib" %

                        openssl_ver)

                 missing.append('_hashlib')

-        if COMPILED_WITH_PYDEBUG or not have_usable_openssl:

-            # The _sha module implements the SHA1 hash algorithm.

-            exts.append( Extension('_sha', ['shamodule.c']) )

-            # The _md5 module implements the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5

-            # Message-Digest Algorithm, described in RFC 1321.  The

-            # necessary files md5.c and md5.h are included here.

-            exts.append( Extension('_md5',

-                            sources = ['md5module.c', 'md5.c'],

-                            depends = ['md5.h']) )

-

-        min_sha2_openssl_ver = 0x00908000