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diff -up nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gather_unittest.cc.ssl3gthr nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gather_unittest.cc
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--- nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gather_unittest.cc.ssl3gthr	2017-04-28 14:40:23.579583263 +0200
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+++ nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gather_unittest.cc	2017-04-28 14:40:23.579583263 +0200
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@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
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+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */
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+/* vim: set ts=2 et sw=2 tw=80: */
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+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
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+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
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+ * You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
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+
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+#include "gtest_utils.h"
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+#include "tls_connect.h"
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+
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+namespace nss_test {
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+
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+class GatherV2ClientHelloTest : public TlsConnectTestBase {
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+ public:
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+  GatherV2ClientHelloTest() : TlsConnectTestBase(STREAM, 0) {}
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+
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+  void ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(const DataBuffer &data) {
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+    EnsureTlsSetup();
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+
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+    auto alert_recorder = new TlsAlertRecorder();
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+    server_->SetPacketFilter(alert_recorder);
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+
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+    client_->SendDirect(data);
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+    server_->StartConnect();
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+    server_->Handshake();
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+    ASSERT_TRUE_WAIT(
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+        (server_->error_code() == SSL_ERROR_RX_MALFORMED_CLIENT_HELLO), 2000);
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+
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+    EXPECT_EQ(kTlsAlertFatal, alert_recorder->level());
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+    EXPECT_EQ(illegal_parameter, alert_recorder->description());
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+  }
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+};
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+
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+// Gather a 5-byte v3 record, with a zero fragment length. The empty handshake
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+// message should be ignored, and the connection will succeed afterwards.
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+TEST_F(TlsConnectTest, GatherEmptyV3Record) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x16, 1);    // handshake
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x0301, 2);  // record_version
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 2);      // length=0
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+
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+  EnsureTlsSetup();
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+  client_->SendDirect(buffer);
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+  Connect();
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 5-byte v3 record, with a fragment length exceeding the maximum.
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+TEST_F(TlsConnectTest, GatherExcessiveV3Record) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x16, 1);                            // handshake
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x0301, 2);                          // record_version
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, MAX_FRAGMENT_LENGTH + 2048 + 1, 2);  // length=max+1
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+
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+  EnsureTlsSetup();
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+  auto alert_recorder = new TlsAlertRecorder();
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+  server_->SetPacketFilter(alert_recorder);
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+  client_->SendDirect(buffer);
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+  server_->StartConnect();
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+  server_->Handshake();
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+  ASSERT_TRUE_WAIT((server_->error_code() == SSL_ERROR_RX_RECORD_TOO_LONG),
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+                   2000);
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+
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+  EXPECT_EQ(kTlsAlertFatal, alert_recorder->level());
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+  EXPECT_EQ(record_overflow, alert_recorder->description());
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 3-byte v2 header, with a fragment length of 2.
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+TEST_F(GatherV2ClientHelloTest, GatherV2RecordLongHeader) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x0002, 2);  // length=2 (long header)
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 1);      // padding=0
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 2);      // data
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+
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+  ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(buffer);
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 3-byte v2 header, with a fragment length of 1.
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+TEST_F(GatherV2ClientHelloTest, GatherV2RecordLongHeader2) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x0001, 2);  // length=1 (long header)
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 1);      // padding=0
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 1);      // data
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 1);      // surplus (need 5 bytes total)
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+
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+  ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(buffer);
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 3-byte v2 header, with a zero fragment length.
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+TEST_F(GatherV2ClientHelloTest, GatherEmptyV2RecordLongHeader) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 2);  // length=0 (long header)
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 1);  // padding=0
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 2);  // surplus (need 5 bytes total)
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+
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+  ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(buffer);
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 2-byte v2 header, with a fragment length of 3.
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+TEST_F(GatherV2ClientHelloTest, GatherV2RecordShortHeader) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x8003, 2);  // length=3 (short header)
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 3);      // data
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+
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+  ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(buffer);
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 2-byte v2 header, with a fragment length of 2.
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+TEST_F(GatherV2ClientHelloTest, GatherEmptyV2RecordShortHeader2) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x8002, 2);  // length=2 (short header)
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 2);      // data
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 1);      // surplus (need 5 bytes total)
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+
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+  ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(buffer);
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 2-byte v2 header, with a fragment length of 1.
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+TEST_F(GatherV2ClientHelloTest, GatherEmptyV2RecordShortHeader3) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x8001, 2);  // length=1 (short header)
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 1);      // data
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 2);      // surplus (need 5 bytes total)
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+
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+  ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(buffer);
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+}
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+
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+// Gather a 2-byte v2 header, with a zero fragment length.
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+TEST_F(GatherV2ClientHelloTest, GatherEmptyV2RecordShortHeader) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x8000, 2);  // length=0 (short header)
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 3);      // surplus (need 5 bytes total)
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+
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+  ConnectExpectMalformedClientHello(buffer);
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+}
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+
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+}  // namespace nss_test
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diff -up nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gtest.gyp.ssl3gthr nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gtest.gyp
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--- nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gtest.gyp.ssl3gthr	2017-04-28 14:40:23.579583263 +0200
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+++ nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_gtest.gyp	2017-04-28 14:42:07.853153503 +0200
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@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
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         'ssl_exporter_unittest.cc',
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         'ssl_extension_unittest.cc',
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         'ssl_fuzz_unittest.cc',
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+        'ssl_gather_unittest.cc',
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         'ssl_gtest.cc',
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         'ssl_hrr_unittest.cc',
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         'ssl_loopback_unittest.cc',
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diff -up nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_v2_client_hello_unittest.cc.ssl3gthr nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_v2_client_hello_unittest.cc
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--- nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_v2_client_hello_unittest.cc.ssl3gthr	2017-04-05 14:23:56.000000000 +0200
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+++ nss/gtests/ssl_gtest/ssl_v2_client_hello_unittest.cc	2017-04-28 14:40:23.579583263 +0200
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@@ -202,6 +202,28 @@ TEST_P(SSLv2ClientHelloTest, Connect) {
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   Connect();
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 }
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+// Sending a v2 ClientHello after a no-op v3 record must fail.
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+TEST_P(SSLv2ClientHelloTest, ConnectAfterEmptyV3Record) {
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+  DataBuffer buffer;
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+
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+  size_t idx = 0;
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x16, 1);    // handshake
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+  idx = buffer.Write(idx, 0x0301, 2);  // record_version
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+  (void)buffer.Write(idx, 0U, 2);      // length=0
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+
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+  SetAvailableCipherSuite(TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA);
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+  EnsureTlsSetup();
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+  client_->SendDirect(buffer);
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+
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+  // Need padding so the connection doesn't just time out. With a v2
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+  // ClientHello parsed as a v3 record we will use the record version
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+  // as the record length.
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+  SetPadding(255);
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+
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+  ConnectExpectFail();
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+  EXPECT_EQ(SSL_ERROR_BAD_CLIENT, server_->error_code());
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+}
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+
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 // Test negotiating TLS 1.3.
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 TEST_F(SSLv2ClientHelloTestF, Connect13) {
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   EnsureTlsSetup();
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diff -up nss/lib/ssl/ssl3gthr.c.ssl3gthr nss/lib/ssl/ssl3gthr.c
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--- nss/lib/ssl/ssl3gthr.c.ssl3gthr	2017-04-05 14:23:56.000000000 +0200
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+++ nss/lib/ssl/ssl3gthr.c	2017-04-28 14:40:23.579583263 +0200
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@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ ssl3_InitGather(sslGather *gs)
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     gs->readOffset = 0;
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     gs->dtlsPacketOffset = 0;
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     gs->dtlsPacket.len = 0;
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+    gs->rejectV2Records = PR_FALSE;
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     status = sslBuffer_Grow(&gs->buf, 4096);
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     return status;
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 }
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@@ -147,8 +148,11 @@ ssl3_GatherData(sslSocket *ss, sslGather
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         switch (gs->state) {
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             case GS_HEADER:
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                 /* Check for SSLv2 handshakes. Always assume SSLv3 on clients,
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-                 * support SSLv2 handshakes only when ssl2gs != NULL. */
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-                if (!ssl2gs || ssl3_isLikelyV3Hello(gs->hdr)) {
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+                 * support SSLv2 handshakes only when ssl2gs != NULL.
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+                 * Always assume v3 after we received the first record. */
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+                if (!ssl2gs ||
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+                    ss->gs.rejectV2Records ||
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+                    ssl3_isLikelyV3Hello(gs->hdr)) {
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                     /* Should have a non-SSLv2 record header in gs->hdr. Extract
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                      * the length of the following encrypted data, and then
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                      * read in the rest of the record into gs->inbuf. */
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@@ -183,7 +187,7 @@ ssl3_GatherData(sslSocket *ss, sslGather
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                 /* This is the max length for an encrypted SSLv3+ fragment. */
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                 if (!v2HdrLength &&
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                     gs->remainder > (MAX_FRAGMENT_LENGTH + 2048)) {
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-                    SSL3_SendAlert(ss, alert_fatal, unexpected_message);
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+                    SSL3_SendAlert(ss, alert_fatal, record_overflow);
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                     gs->state = GS_INIT;
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                     PORT_SetError(SSL_ERROR_RX_RECORD_TOO_LONG);
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                     return SECFailure;
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@@ -205,13 +209,28 @@ ssl3_GatherData(sslSocket *ss, sslGather
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                  * many into the gs->hdr[] buffer. Copy them over into inbuf so
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                  * that we can properly process the hello record later. */
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                 if (v2HdrLength) {
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+                    /* Reject v2 records that don't even carry enough data to
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+                     * resemble a valid ClientHello header. */
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+                    if (gs->remainder < SSL_HL_CLIENT_HELLO_HBYTES) {
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+                        SSL3_SendAlert(ss, alert_fatal, illegal_parameter);
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+                        PORT_SetError(SSL_ERROR_RX_MALFORMED_CLIENT_HELLO);
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+                        return SECFailure;
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+                    }
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+
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+                    PORT_Assert(lbp);
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                     gs->inbuf.len = 5 - v2HdrLength;
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                     PORT_Memcpy(lbp, gs->hdr + v2HdrLength, gs->inbuf.len);
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                     gs->remainder -= gs->inbuf.len;
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                     lbp += gs->inbuf.len;
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                 }
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-                break; /* End this case.  Continue around the loop. */
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+                if (gs->remainder > 0) {
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+                    break; /* End this case.  Continue around the loop. */
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+                }
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+
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+            /* FALL THROUGH if (gs->remainder == 0) as we just received
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+                 * an empty record and there's really no point in calling
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+                 * ssl_DefRecv() with buf=NULL and len=0. */
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             case GS_DATA:
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                 /*
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@@ -219,6 +238,10 @@ ssl3_GatherData(sslSocket *ss, sslGather
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                 */
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                 SSL_TRC(10, ("%d: SSL[%d]: got record of %d bytes",
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                              SSL_GETPID(), ss->fd, gs->inbuf.len));
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+
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+                /* reject any v2 records from now on */
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+                ss->gs.rejectV2Records = PR_TRUE;
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+
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                 gs->state = GS_INIT;
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                 return 1;
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         }
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diff -up nss/lib/ssl/ssldef.c.ssl3gthr nss/lib/ssl/ssldef.c
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--- nss/lib/ssl/ssldef.c.ssl3gthr	2017-04-05 14:23:56.000000000 +0200
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+++ nss/lib/ssl/ssldef.c	2017-04-28 14:40:23.579583263 +0200
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@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ ssl_DefRecv(sslSocket *ss, unsigned char
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     PRFileDesc *lower = ss->fd->lower;
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     int rv;
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+    PORT_Assert(buf && len > 0);
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+
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     rv = lower->methods->recv(lower, (void *)buf, len, flags, ss->rTimeout);
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     if (rv < 0) {
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         DEFINE_ERROR
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diff -up nss/lib/ssl/sslimpl.h.ssl3gthr nss/lib/ssl/sslimpl.h
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--- nss/lib/ssl/sslimpl.h.ssl3gthr	2017-04-28 14:40:23.566583566 +0200
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+++ nss/lib/ssl/sslimpl.h	2017-04-28 14:40:23.580583240 +0200
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@@ -367,6 +367,10 @@ struct sslGatherStr {
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     /* the start of the buffered DTLS record in dtlsPacket */
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     unsigned int dtlsPacketOffset;
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+
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+    /* tracks whether we've seen a v3-type record before and must reject
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+     * any further v2-type records. */
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+    PRBool rejectV2Records;
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 };
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 /* sslGather.state */