146f51
146f51
   NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel
146f51
 services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use
146f51
 of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work".
146f51
 Also note that the GPL below is copyrighted by the Free Software
146f51
 Foundation, but the instance of code that it refers to (the Linux
146f51
 kernel) is copyrighted by me and others who actually wrote it.
146f51
146f51
 Also note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as the kernel
146f51
 is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
146f51
 v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
146f51
146f51
			Linus Torvalds
146f51
146f51
----------------------------------------
146f51
146f51
		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
146f51
		       Version 2, June 1991
146f51
146f51
 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
146f51
                       51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
146f51
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
146f51
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
146f51
146f51
			    Preamble
146f51
146f51
  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
146f51
freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
146f51
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
146f51
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
146f51
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
146f51
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
146f51
using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
146f51
the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
146f51
your programs, too.
146f51
146f51
  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
146f51
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
146f51
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
146f51
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
146f51
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
146f51
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
146f51
146f51
  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
146f51
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
146f51
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
146f51
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
146f51
146f51
  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
146f51
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
146f51
you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
146f51
source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
146f51
rights.
146f51
146f51
  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
146f51
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
146f51
distribute and/or modify the software.
146f51
146f51
  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
146f51
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
146f51
software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
146f51
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
146f51
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
146f51
authors' reputations.
146f51
146f51
  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
146f51
patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
146f51
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
146f51
program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
146f51
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
146f51
146f51
  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
146f51
modification follow.
146f51

146f51
		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
146f51
   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
146f51
146f51
  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
146f51
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
146f51
under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
146f51
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
146f51
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
146f51
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
146f51
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
146f51
language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
146f51
the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
146f51
146f51
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
146f51
covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
146f51
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
146f51
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
146f51
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
146f51
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
146f51
146f51
  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
146f51
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
146f51
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
146f51
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
146f51
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
146f51
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
146f51
along with the Program.
146f51
146f51
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
146f51
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
146f51
146f51
  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
146f51
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
146f51
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
146f51
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
146f51
146f51
    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
146f51
    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
146f51
146f51
    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
146f51
    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
146f51
    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
146f51
    parties under the terms of this License.
146f51
146f51
    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
146f51
    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
146f51
    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
146f51
    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
146f51
    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
146f51
    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
146f51
    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
146f51
    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
146f51
    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
146f51
    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
146f51

146f51
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
146f51
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
146f51
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
146f51
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
146f51
sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
146f51
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
146f51
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
146f51
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
146f51
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
146f51
146f51
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
146f51
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
146f51
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
146f51
collective works based on the Program.
146f51
146f51
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
146f51
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
146f51
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
146f51
the scope of this License.
146f51
146f51
  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
146f51
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
146f51
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
146f51
146f51
    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
146f51
    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
146f51
    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
146f51
146f51
    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
146f51
    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
146f51
    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
146f51
    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
146f51
    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
146f51
    customarily used for software interchange; or,
146f51
146f51
    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
146f51
    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
146f51
    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
146f51
    received the program in object code or executable form with such
146f51
    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
146f51
146f51
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
146f51
making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
146f51
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
146f51
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
146f51
control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
146f51
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
146f51
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
146f51
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
146f51
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
146f51
itself accompanies the executable.
146f51
146f51
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
146f51
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
146f51
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
146f51
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
146f51
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
146f51

146f51
  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
146f51
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
146f51
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
146f51
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
146f51
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
146f51
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
146f51
parties remain in full compliance.
146f51
146f51
  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
146f51
signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
146f51
distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
146f51
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
146f51
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
146f51
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
146f51
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
146f51
the Program or works based on it.
146f51
146f51
  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
146f51
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
146f51
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
146f51
these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
146f51
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
146f51
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
146f51
this License.
146f51
146f51
  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
146f51
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
146f51
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
146f51
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
146f51
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
146f51
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
146f51
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
146f51
may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
146f51
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
146f51
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
146f51
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
146f51
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
146f51
146f51
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
146f51
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
146f51
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
146f51
circumstances.
146f51
146f51
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
146f51
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
146f51
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
146f51
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
146f51
implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
146f51
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
146f51
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
146f51
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
146f51
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
146f51
impose that choice.
146f51
146f51
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
146f51
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
146f51

146f51
  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
146f51
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
146f51
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
146f51
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
146f51
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
146f51
countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
146f51
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
146f51
146f51
  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
146f51
of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
146f51
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
146f51
address new problems or concerns.
146f51
146f51
Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
146f51
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
146f51
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
146f51
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
146f51
Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
146f51
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
146f51
Foundation.
146f51
146f51
  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
146f51
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
146f51
to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
146f51
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
146f51
make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
146f51
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
146f51
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
146f51
146f51
			    NO WARRANTY
146f51
146f51
  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
146f51
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
146f51
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
146f51
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
146f51
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
146f51
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
146f51
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
146f51
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
146f51
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
146f51
146f51
  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
146f51
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
146f51
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
146f51
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
146f51
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
146f51
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
146f51
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
146f51
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
146f51
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
146f51
146f51
		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
146f51

146f51
	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
146f51
146f51
  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
146f51
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
146f51
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
146f51
146f51
  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
146f51
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
146f51
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
146f51
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
146f51
146f51
    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
146f51
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
146f51
146f51
    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
146f51
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
146f51
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
146f51
    (at your option) any later version.
146f51
146f51
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
146f51
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
146f51
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
146f51
    GNU General Public License for more details.
146f51
146f51
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
146f51
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
146f51
    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
146f51
146f51
146f51
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
146f51
146f51
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
146f51
when it starts in an interactive mode:
146f51
146f51
    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
146f51
    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
146f51
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
146f51
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
146f51
146f51
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
146f51
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
146f51
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
146f51
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
146f51
146f51
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
146f51
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
146f51
necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
146f51
146f51
  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
146f51
  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
146f51
146f51
  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
146f51
  Ty Coon, President of Vice
146f51
146f51
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
146f51
proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
146f51
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
146f51
library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
146f51
Public License instead of this License.