commit ea69248445fb9b80da02ee0c7261cba4b1a5532e

Author: Wangyang Guo <wangyang.guo@intel.com>

Date:   Fri May 6 01:50:10 2022 +0000

    nptl: Add backoff mechanism to spinlock loop

    When mutiple threads waiting for lock at the same time, once lock owner

    releases the lock, waiters will see lock available and all try to lock,

    which may cause an expensive CAS storm.

    Binary exponential backoff with random jitter is introduced. As try-lock

    attempt increases, there is more likely that a larger number threads

    compete for adaptive mutex lock, so increase wait time in exponential.

    A random jitter is also added to avoid synchronous try-lock from other

    threads.

    v2: Remove read-check before try-lock for performance.

    v3:

    1. Restore read-check since it works well in some platform.

    2. Make backoff arch dependent, and enable it for x86_64.

    3. Limit max backoff to reduce latency in large critical section.

    v4: Fix strict-prototypes error in sysdeps/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h

    v5: Commit log updated for regression in large critical section.

    Result of pthread-mutex-locks bench

    Test Platform: Xeon 8280L (2 socket, 112 CPUs in total)

    First Row: thread number

    First Col: critical section length

    Values: backoff vs upstream, time based, low is better

    non-critical-length: 1

            1       2       4       8       16      32      64      112     140

    0       0.99    0.58    0.52    0.49    0.43    0.44    0.46    0.52    0.54

    1       0.98    0.43    0.56    0.50    0.44    0.45    0.50    0.56    0.57

    2       0.99    0.41    0.57    0.51    0.45    0.47    0.48    0.60    0.61

    4       0.99    0.45    0.59    0.53    0.48    0.49    0.52    0.64    0.65

    8       1.00    0.66    0.71    0.63    0.56    0.59    0.66    0.72    0.71

    16      0.97    0.78    0.91    0.73    0.67    0.70    0.79    0.80    0.80

    32      0.95    1.17    0.98    0.87    0.82    0.86    0.89    0.90    0.90

    64      0.96    0.95    1.01    1.01    0.98    1.00    1.03    0.99    0.99

    128     0.99    1.01    1.01    1.17    1.08    1.12    1.02    0.97    1.02

    non-critical-length: 32

            1       2       4       8       16      32      64      112     140

    0       1.03    0.97    0.75    0.65    0.58    0.58    0.56    0.70    0.70

    1       0.94    0.95    0.76    0.65    0.58    0.58    0.61    0.71    0.72

    2       0.97    0.96    0.77    0.66    0.58    0.59    0.62    0.74    0.74

    4       0.99    0.96    0.78    0.66    0.60    0.61    0.66    0.76    0.77

    8       0.99    0.99    0.84    0.70    0.64    0.66    0.71    0.80    0.80

    16      0.98    0.97    0.95    0.76    0.70    0.73    0.81    0.85    0.84

    32      1.04    1.12    1.04    0.89    0.82    0.86    0.93    0.91    0.91

    64      0.99    1.15    1.07    1.00    0.99    1.01    1.05    0.99    0.99

    128     1.00    1.21    1.20    1.22    1.25    1.31    1.12    1.10    0.99

    non-critical-length: 128

            1       2       4       8       16      32      64      112     140

    0       1.02    1.00    0.99    0.67    0.61    0.61    0.61    0.74    0.73

    1       0.95    0.99    1.00    0.68    0.61    0.60    0.60    0.74    0.74

    2       1.00    1.04    1.00    0.68    0.59    0.61    0.65    0.76    0.76

    4       1.00    0.96    0.98    0.70    0.63    0.63    0.67    0.78    0.77

    8       1.01    1.02    0.89    0.73    0.65    0.67    0.71    0.81    0.80

    16      0.99    0.96    0.96    0.79    0.71    0.73    0.80    0.84    0.84

    32      0.99    0.95    1.05    0.89    0.84    0.85    0.94    0.92    0.91

    64      1.00    0.99    1.16    1.04    1.00    1.02    1.06    0.99    0.99

    128     1.00    1.06    0.98    1.14    1.39    1.26    1.08    1.02    0.98

    There is regression in large critical section. But adaptive mutex is

    aimed for "quick" locks. Small critical section is more common when

    users choose to use adaptive pthread_mutex.

    Signed-off-by: Wangyang Guo <wangyang.guo@intel.com>

    Reviewed-by: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>

    (cherry picked from commit 8162147872491bb5b48e91543b19c49a29ae6b6d)

diff --git a/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c b/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c

index bbe754a272b97d91..8f3f687f2a151d16 100644

--- a/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c

+++ b/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c

@@ -139,14 +139,26 @@ PTHREAD_MUTEX_LOCK (pthread_mutex_t *mutex)

 	  int cnt = 0;

 	  int max_cnt = MIN (max_adaptive_count (),

 			     mutex->__data.__spins * 2 + 10);

+	  int spin_count, exp_backoff = 1;

+	  unsigned int jitter = get_jitter ();

 	  do

 	    {

-	      if (cnt++ >= max_cnt)

+	      /* In each loop, spin count is exponential backoff plus

+		 random jitter, random range is [0, exp_backoff-1].  */

+	      spin_count = exp_backoff + (jitter & (exp_backoff - 1));

+	      cnt += spin_count;

+	      if (cnt >= max_cnt)

 		{

+		  /* If cnt exceeds max spin count, just go to wait

+		     queue.  */

 		  LLL_MUTEX_LOCK (mutex);

 		  break;

 		}

-	      atomic_spin_nop ();

+	      do

+		atomic_spin_nop ();

+	      while (--spin_count > 0);

+	      /* Prepare for next loop.  */

+	      exp_backoff = get_next_backoff (exp_backoff);

 	    }

 	  while (LLL_MUTEX_READ_LOCK (mutex) != 0

 		 || LLL_MUTEX_TRYLOCK (mutex) != 0);

diff --git a/sysdeps/nptl/pthreadP.h b/sysdeps/nptl/pthreadP.h

index b968afc4c6b61b92..ed186ce3df1fde0c 100644

--- a/sysdeps/nptl/pthreadP.h

+++ b/sysdeps/nptl/pthreadP.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@

 #include <kernel-features.h>

 #include <errno.h>

 #include <internal-signals.h>

+#include <pthread_mutex_backoff.h>

 #include "pthread_mutex_conf.h"

diff --git a/sysdeps/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h b/sysdeps/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h

new file mode 100644

index 0000000000000000..5b26c22ac789f54f

--- /dev/null

+++ b/sysdeps/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@

+/* Pthread mutex backoff configuration.

+   Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.

+

+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public

+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either

+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

+

+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

+   Lesser General Public License for more details.

+

+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public

+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see

+   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

+#ifndef _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H

+#define _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H 1

+

+static inline unsigned int

+get_jitter (void)

+{

+  /* Arch dependent random jitter, return 0 disables random.  */

+  return 0;

+}

+

+static inline int

+get_next_backoff (int backoff)

+{

+  /* Next backoff, return 1 disables mutex backoff.  */

+  return 1;

+}

+

+#endif

diff --git a/sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h b/sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h

new file mode 100644

index 0000000000000000..ec74c3d9db61864e

--- /dev/null

+++ b/sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@

+/* Pthread mutex backoff configuration.

+   Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.

+

+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public

+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either

+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

+

+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

+   Lesser General Public License for more details.

+

+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public

+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see

+   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

+#ifndef _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H

+#define _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H 1

+

+#include <fast-jitter.h>

+

+static inline unsigned int

+get_jitter (void)

+{

+  return get_fast_jitter ();

+}

+

+#define MAX_BACKOFF 16

+

+static inline int

+get_next_backoff (int backoff)

+{

+  /* Binary expontial backoff. Limiting max backoff

+     can reduce latency in large critical section.  */

+  return (backoff < MAX_BACKOFF) ? backoff << 1 : backoff;

+}

+

+#endif