.. _resource:

Cluster Resources
-----------------

.. _s-resource-primitive:

What is a Cluster Resource?
###########################

.. index::
   single: resource

A resource is a service made highly available by a cluster.
The simplest type of resource, a *primitive* resource, is described
in this chapter. More complex forms, such as groups and clones,
are described in later chapters.

Every primitive resource has a *resource agent*. A resource agent is an
external program that abstracts the service it provides and present a
consistent view to the cluster.

This allows the cluster to be agnostic about the resources it manages.
The cluster doesn't need to understand how the resource works because
it relies on the resource agent to do the right thing when given a
**start**, **stop** or **monitor** command. For this reason, it is crucial
that resource agents are well-tested.

Typically, resource agents come in the form of shell scripts. However,
they can be written using any technology (such as C, Python or Perl)
that the author is comfortable with.

.. _s-resource-supported:

.. index::
   single: resource; class
 
Resource Classes
################

Pacemaker supports several classes of agents:

* OCF
* LSB
* Systemd
* Upstart (deprecated)
* Service
* Fencing
* Nagios Plugins

.. index::
   single: resource; OCF
   single: OCF; resources
   single: Open Cluster Framework; resources

Open Cluster Framework
______________________

The OCF standard [#]_ is basically an extension of the Linux Standard
Base conventions for init scripts to:

* support parameters,
* make them self-describing, and
* make them extensible

OCF specs have strict definitions of the exit codes that actions must return [#]_.

The cluster follows these specifications exactly, and giving the wrong
exit code will cause the cluster to behave in ways you will likely
find puzzling and annoying.  In particular, the cluster needs to
distinguish a completely stopped resource from one which is in some
erroneous and indeterminate state.

Parameters are passed to the resource agent as environment variables, with the
special prefix ``OCF_RESKEY_``.  So, a parameter which the user thinks
of as ``ip`` will be passed to the resource agent as ``OCF_RESKEY_ip``.  The
number and purpose of the parameters is left to the resource agent; however,
the resource agent should use the **meta-data** command to advertise any that it
supports.

The OCF class is the most preferred as it is an industry standard,
highly flexible (allowing parameters to be passed to agents in a
non-positional manner) and self-describing.

For more information, see the
`reference <http://www.linux-ha.org/wiki/OCF_Resource_Agents>`_ and
the *Resource Agents* chapter of *Pacemaker Administration*.

.. index::
   single: resource; LSB
   single: LSB; resources
   single: Linux Standard Base; resources

Linux Standard Base
___________________

*LSB* resource agents are more commonly known as *init scripts*. If a full path
is not given, they are assumed to be located in ``/etc/init.d``.

Commonly, they are provided by the OS distribution. In order to be used
with a Pacemaker cluster, they must conform to the LSB specification [#]_.

.. warning::

   Many distributions or particular software packages claim LSB compliance
   but ship with broken init scripts.  For details on how to check whether
   your init script is LSB-compatible, see the `Resource Agents` chapter of
   `Pacemaker Administration`. Common problematic violations of the LSB
   standard include:

   * Not implementing the ``status`` operation at all
   * Not observing the correct exit status codes for
     ``start``/``stop``/``status`` actions
   * Starting a started resource returns an error
   * Stopping a stopped resource returns an error

.. important::

   Remember to make sure the computer is `not` configured to start any
   services at boot time -- that should be controlled by the cluster.

.. _s-resource-supported-systemd:

.. index::
   single: Resource; Systemd
   single: Systemd; resources

Systemd
_______

Most Linux distributions have replaced the old
`SysV <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init#SysV-style>`_ style of
initialization daemons and scripts with
`Systemd <http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd>`_.

Pacemaker is able to manage these services `if they are present`.

Instead of init scripts, systemd has `unit files`.  Generally, the
services (unit files) are provided by the OS distribution, but there
are online guides for converting from init scripts [#]_.

.. important::

   Remember to make sure the computer is `not` configured to start any
   services at boot time -- that should be controlled by the cluster.

.. index::
   single: Resource; Upstart
   single: Upstart; resources

Upstart
_______

Some distributions replaced the old
`SysV <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init#SysV-style>`_ style of
initialization daemons (and scripts) with
`Upstart <http://upstart.ubuntu.com/>`_.

Pacemaker is able to manage these services `if they are present`.

Instead of init scripts, Upstart has `jobs`.  Generally, the
services (jobs) are provided by the OS distribution.

.. important::

   Remember to make sure the computer is `not` configured to start any
   services at boot time -- that should be controlled by the cluster.

.. warning::

   Upstart support is deprecated in Pacemaker. Upstart is no longer an actively
   maintained project, and test platforms for it are no longer readily usable.
   Support will likely be dropped entirely at the next major release of
   Pacemaker.


.. index::
   single: Resource; System Services
   single: System Service; resources

System Services
_______________

Since there are various types of system services (``systemd``,
``upstart``, and ``lsb``), Pacemaker supports a special ``service`` alias which
intelligently figures out which one applies to a given cluster node.

This is particularly useful when the cluster contains a mix of
``systemd``, ``upstart``, and ``lsb``.

In order, Pacemaker will try to find the named service as:

* an LSB init script

* a Systemd unit file

* an Upstart job

.. index::
   single: Resource; STONITH
   single: STONITH; resources

STONITH
_______

The STONITH class is used exclusively for fencing-related resources.  This is
discussed later in :ref:`fencing`.

.. index::
   single: Resource; Nagios Plugins
   single: Nagios Plugins; resources

Nagios Plugins
______________

Nagios Plugins [#]_ allow us to monitor services on remote hosts.

Pacemaker is able to do remote monitoring with the plugins `if they are
present`.

A common use case is to configure them as resources belonging to a resource
container (usually a virtual machine), and the container will be restarted
if any of them has failed. Another use is to configure them as ordinary
resources to be used for monitoring hosts or services via the network.

The supported parameters are same as the long options of the plugin.

.. _primitive-resource:

Resource Properties
###################

These values tell the cluster which resource agent to use for the resource,
where to find that resource agent and what standards it conforms to.

.. table:: **Properties of a Primitive Resource**

   +----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Field    | Description                                                      |
   +==========+==================================================================+
   | id       | .. index::                                                       |
   |          |    single: id; resource                                          |
   |          |    single: resource; property, id                                |
   |          |                                                                  |
   |          | Your name for the resource                                       |
   +----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | class    | .. index::                                                       |
   |          |    single: class; resource                                       |
   |          |    single: resource; property, class                             |
   |          |                                                                  |
   |          | The standard the resource agent conforms to. Allowed values:     |
   |          | ``lsb``, ``nagios``, ``ocf``, ``service``, ``stonith``,          |
   |          | ``systemd``, ``upstart``                                         |
   +----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | type     | .. index::                                                       |
   |          |    single: type; resource                                        |
   |          |    single: resource; property, type                              |
   |          |                                                                  |
   |          | The name of the Resource Agent you wish to use. E.g.             |
   |          | ``IPaddr`` or ``Filesystem``                                     |
   +----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | provider | .. index::                                                       |
   |          |    single: provider; resource                                    |
   |          |    single: resource; property, provider                          |
   |          |                                                                  |
   |          | The OCF spec allows multiple vendors to supply the same resource |
   |          | agent. To use the OCF resource agents supplied by the Heartbeat  |
   |          | project, you would specify ``heartbeat`` here.                   |
   +----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

The XML definition of a resource can be queried with the **crm_resource** tool.
For example:

.. code-block:: none

   # crm_resource --resource Email --query-xml

might produce:

.. topic:: A system resource definition

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Email" class="service" type="exim"/>

.. note::

   One of the main drawbacks to system services (LSB, systemd or
   Upstart) resources is that they do not allow any parameters!

.. topic:: An OCF resource definition

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Public-IP" class="ocf" type="IPaddr" provider="heartbeat">
         <instance_attributes id="Public-IP-params">
            <nvpair id="Public-IP-ip" name="ip" value="192.0.2.2"/>
         </instance_attributes>
      </primitive>

.. _resource_options:

Resource Options
################

Resources have two types of options: *meta-attributes* and *instance attributes*.
Meta-attributes apply to any type of resource, while instance attributes
are specific to each resource agent.

Resource Meta-Attributes
________________________

Meta-attributes are used by the cluster to decide how a resource should
behave and can be easily set using the ``--meta`` option of the
**crm_resource** command.

.. table:: **Meta-attributes of a Primitive Resource**

   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | Field                      | Default                          | Description                                          |
   +============================+==================================+======================================================+
   | priority                   | 0                                | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: priority; resource option                 |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, priority                |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | If not all resources can be active, the cluster      |
   |                            |                                  | will stop lower priority resources in order to       |
   |                            |                                  | keep higher priority ones active.                    |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | critical                   | true                             | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: critical; resource option                 |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, critical                |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | Use this value as the default for ``influence`` in   |
   |                            |                                  | all :ref:`colocation constraints                     |
   |                            |                                  | <s-resource-colocation>` involving this resource,    |
   |                            |                                  | as well as the implicit colocation constraints       |
   |                            |                                  | created if this resource is in a :ref:`group         |
   |                            |                                  | <group-resources>`. For details, see                 |
   |                            |                                  | :ref:`s-coloc-influence`.                            |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | target-role                | Started                          | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: target-role; resource option              |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, target-role             |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | What state should the cluster attempt to keep this   |
   |                            |                                  | resource in? Allowed values:                         |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | * ``Stopped:`` Force the resource to be stopped      |
   |                            |                                  | * ``Started:`` Allow the resource to be started      |
   |                            |                                  |   (and in the case of :ref:`promotable clone         |
   |                            |                                  |   resources <s-resource-promotable>`, promoted       |
   |                            |                                  |   if appropriate)                                    |
   |                            |                                  | * ``Unpromoted:`` Allow the resource to be started,  |
   |                            |                                  |   but only in the unpromoted role if the resource is |
   |                            |                                  |   :ref:`promotable <s-resource-promotable>`          |
   |                            |                                  | * ``Promoted:`` Equivalent to ``Started``            |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | is-managed                 | TRUE                             | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: is-managed; resource option               |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, is-managed              |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | Is the cluster allowed to start and stop             |
   |                            |                                  | the resource?  Allowed values: ``true``, ``false``   |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | maintenance                | FALSE                            | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: maintenance; resource option              |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, maintenance             |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | Similar to the ``maintenance-mode``                  |
   |                            |                                  | :ref:`cluster option <cluster_options>`, but for     |
   |                            |                                  | a single resource. If true, the resource will not    |
   |                            |                                  | be started, stopped, or monitored on any node. This  |
   |                            |                                  | differs from ``is-managed`` in that monitors will    |
   |                            |                                  | not be run. Allowed values: ``true``, ``false``      |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | resource-stickiness        | 1 for individual clone           | .. _resource-stickiness:                             |
   |                            | instances, 0 for all             |                                                      |
   |                            | other resources                  | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource-stickiness; resource option      |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, resource-stickiness     |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | A score that will be added to the current node when  |
   |                            |                                  | a resource is already active. This allows running    |
   |                            |                                  | resources to stay where they are, even if they       |
   |                            |                                  | would be placed elsewhere if they were being         |
   |                            |                                  | started from a stopped state.                        |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | requires                   | ``quorum`` for resources         | .. _requires:                                        |
   |                            | with a ``class`` of ``stonith``, |                                                      |
   |                            | otherwise ``unfencing`` if       | .. index::                                           |
   |                            | unfencing is active in the       |    single: requires; resource option                 |
   |                            | cluster, otherwise ``fencing``   |    single: resource; option, requires                |
   |                            | if ``stonith-enabled`` is true,  |                                                      |
   |                            | otherwise ``quorum``             | Conditions under which the resource can be           |
   |                            |                                  | started. Allowed values:                             |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | * ``nothing:`` can always be started                 |
   |                            |                                  | * ``quorum:`` The cluster can only start this        |
   |                            |                                  |   resource if a majority of the configured nodes     |
   |                            |                                  |   are active                                         |
   |                            |                                  | * ``fencing:`` The cluster can only start this       |
   |                            |                                  |   resource if a majority of the configured nodes     |
   |                            |                                  |   are active *and* any failed or unknown nodes       |
   |                            |                                  |   have been :ref:`fenced <fencing>`                  |
   |                            |                                  | * ``unfencing:`` The cluster can only start this     |
   |                            |                                  |   resource if a majority of the configured nodes     |
   |                            |                                  |   are active *and* any failed or unknown nodes have  |
   |                            |                                  |   been fenced *and* only on nodes that have been     |
   |                            |                                  |   :ref:`unfenced <unfencing>`                        |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | migration-threshold        | INFINITY                         | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: migration-threshold; resource option      |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, migration-threshold     |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | How many failures may occur for this resource on     |
   |                            |                                  | a node, before this node is marked ineligible to     |
   |                            |                                  | host this resource. A value of 0 indicates that this |
   |                            |                                  | feature is disabled (the node will never be marked   |
   |                            |                                  | ineligible); by constrast, the cluster treats        |
   |                            |                                  | INFINITY (the default) as a very large but finite    |
   |                            |                                  | number. This option has an effect only if the        |
   |                            |                                  | failed operation specifies ``on-fail`` as            |
   |                            |                                  | ``restart`` (the default), and additionally for      |
   |                            |                                  | failed ``start`` operations, if the cluster          |
   |                            |                                  | property ``start-failure-is-fatal`` is ``false``.    |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | failure-timeout            | 0                                | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: failure-timeout; resource option          |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, failure-timeout         |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | How many seconds to wait before acting as if the     |
   |                            |                                  | failure had not occurred, and potentially allowing   |
   |                            |                                  | the resource back to the node on which it failed.    |
   |                            |                                  | A value of 0 indicates that this feature is          |
   |                            |                                  | disabled.                                            |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | multiple-active            | stop_start                       | .. index::                                           |
   |                            |                                  |    single: multiple-active; resource option          |
   |                            |                                  |    single: resource; option, multiple-active         |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | What should the cluster do if it ever finds the      |
   |                            |                                  | resource active on more than one node? Allowed       |
   |                            |                                  | values:                                              |
   |                            |                                  |                                                      |
   |                            |                                  | * ``block``: mark the resource as unmanaged          |
   |                            |                                  | * ``stop_only``: stop all active instances and       |
   |                            |                                  |   leave them that way                                |
   |                            |                                  | * ``stop_start``: stop all active instances and      |
   |                            |                                  |   start the resource in one location only            |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | allow-migrate              | TRUE for ocf:pacemaker:remote    | Whether the cluster should try to "live migrate"     |
   |                            | resources, FALSE otherwise       | this resource when it needs to be moved (see         |
   |                            |                                  | :ref:`live-migration`)                               |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | container-attribute-target |                                  | Specific to bundle resources; see                    |
   |                            |                                  | :ref:`s-bundle-attributes`                           |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | remote-node                |                                  | The name of the Pacemaker Remote guest node this     |
   |                            |                                  | resource is associated with, if any. If              |
   |                            |                                  | specified, this both enables the resource as a       |
   |                            |                                  | guest node and defines the unique name used to       |
   |                            |                                  | identify the guest node. The guest must be           |
   |                            |                                  | configured to run the Pacemaker Remote daemon        |
   |                            |                                  | when it is started. **WARNING:** This value          |
   |                            |                                  | cannot overlap with any resource or node IDs.        |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | remote-port                | 3121                             | If ``remote-node`` is specified, the port on the     |
   |                            |                                  | guest used for its Pacemaker Remote connection.      |
   |                            |                                  | The Pacemaker Remote daemon on the guest must        |
   |                            |                                  | be configured to listen on this port.                |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | remote-addr                | value of ``remote-node``         | If ``remote-node`` is specified, the IP              |
   |                            |                                  | address or hostname used to connect to the           |
   |                            |                                  | guest via Pacemaker Remote. The Pacemaker Remote     |
   |                            |                                  | daemon on the guest must be configured to accept     |
   |                            |                                  | connections on this address.                         |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | remote-connect-timeout     | 60s                              | If ``remote-node`` is specified, how long before     |
   |                            |                                  | a pending guest connection will time out.            |
   +----------------------------+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+

As an example of setting resource options, if you performed the following
commands on an LSB Email resource:

.. code-block:: none

   # crm_resource --meta --resource Email --set-parameter priority --parameter-value 100
   # crm_resource -m -r Email -p multiple-active -v block

the resulting resource definition might be:

.. topic:: An LSB resource with cluster options

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Email" class="lsb" type="exim">
        <meta_attributes id="Email-meta_attributes">
          <nvpair id="Email-meta_attributes-priority" name="priority" value="100"/>
          <nvpair id="Email-meta_attributes-multiple-active" name="multiple-active" value="block"/>
        </meta_attributes>
      </primitive>

In addition to the cluster-defined meta-attributes described above, you may
also configure arbitrary meta-attributes of your own choosing. Most commonly,
this would be done for use in :ref:`rules <rules>`. For example, an IT department
might define a custom meta-attribute to indicate which company department each
resource is intended for. To reduce the chance of name collisions with
cluster-defined meta-attributes added in the future, it is recommended to use
a unique, organization-specific prefix for such attributes.

.. _s-resource-defaults:

Setting Global Defaults for Resource Meta-Attributes
____________________________________________________

To set a default value for a resource option, add it to the
``rsc_defaults`` section with ``crm_attribute``. For example,

.. code-block:: none

   # crm_attribute --type rsc_defaults --name is-managed --update false

would prevent the cluster from starting or stopping any of the
resources in the configuration (unless of course the individual
resources were specifically enabled by having their ``is-managed`` set to
``true``).

Resource Instance Attributes
____________________________

The resource agents of some resource classes (lsb, systemd and upstart *not* among them)
can be given parameters which determine how they behave and which instance
of a service they control.

If your resource agent supports parameters, you can add them with the
``crm_resource`` command. For example,

.. code-block:: none

   # crm_resource --resource Public-IP --set-parameter ip --parameter-value 192.0.2.2

would create an entry in the resource like this:

.. topic:: An example OCF resource with instance attributes

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Public-IP" class="ocf" type="IPaddr" provider="heartbeat">
         <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip">
            <nvpair id="public-ip-addr" name="ip" value="192.0.2.2"/>
         </instance_attributes>
      </primitive>

For an OCF resource, the result would be an environment variable
called ``OCF_RESKEY_ip`` with a value of ``192.0.2.2``.

The list of instance attributes supported by an OCF resource agent can be
found by calling the resource agent with the ``meta-data`` command.
The output contains an XML description of all the supported
attributes, their purpose and default values.

.. topic:: Displaying the metadata for the Dummy resource agent template

   .. code-block:: none

      # export OCF_ROOT=/usr/lib/ocf
      # $OCF_ROOT/resource.d/pacemaker/Dummy meta-data

   .. code-block:: xml

      <?xml version="1.0"?>
      <!DOCTYPE resource-agent SYSTEM "ra-api-1.dtd">
      <resource-agent name="Dummy" version="2.0">
      <version>1.1</version>

      <longdesc lang="en">
      This is a dummy OCF resource agent. It does absolutely nothing except keep track
      of whether it is running or not, and can be configured so that actions fail or
      take a long time. Its purpose is primarily for testing, and to serve as a
      template for resource agent writers.
      </longdesc>
      <shortdesc lang="en">Example stateless resource agent</shortdesc>

      <parameters>
      <parameter name="state" unique-group="state">
      <longdesc lang="en">
      Location to store the resource state in.
      </longdesc>
      <shortdesc lang="en">State file</shortdesc>
      <content type="string" default="/var/run/Dummy-RESOURCE_ID.state" />
      </parameter>

      <parameter name="passwd" reloadable="1">
      <longdesc lang="en">
      Fake password field
      </longdesc>
      <shortdesc lang="en">Password</shortdesc>
      <content type="string" default="" />
      </parameter>

      <parameter name="fake" reloadable="1">
      <longdesc lang="en">
      Fake attribute that can be changed to cause a reload
      </longdesc>
      <shortdesc lang="en">Fake attribute that can be changed to cause a reload</shortdesc>
      <content type="string" default="dummy" />
      </parameter>

      <parameter name="op_sleep" reloadable="1">
      <longdesc lang="en">
      Number of seconds to sleep during operations.  This can be used to test how
      the cluster reacts to operation timeouts.
      </longdesc>
      <shortdesc lang="en">Operation sleep duration in seconds.</shortdesc>
      <content type="string" default="0" />
      </parameter>

      <parameter name="fail_start_on" reloadable="1">
      <longdesc lang="en">
      Start, migrate_from, and reload-agent actions will return failure if running on
      the host specified here, but the resource will run successfully anyway (future
      monitor calls will find it running). This can be used to test on-fail=ignore.
      </longdesc>
      <shortdesc lang="en">Report bogus start failure on specified host</shortdesc>
      <content type="string" default="" />
      </parameter>
      <parameter name="envfile" reloadable="1">
      <longdesc lang="en">
      If this is set, the environment will be dumped to this file for every call.
      </longdesc>
      <shortdesc lang="en">Environment dump file</shortdesc>
      <content type="string" default="" />
      </parameter>

      </parameters>

      <actions>
      <action name="start"        timeout="20s" />
      <action name="stop"         timeout="20s" />
      <action name="monitor"      timeout="20s" interval="10s" depth="0"/>
      <action name="reload"       timeout="20s" />
      <action name="reload-agent" timeout="20s" />
      <action name="migrate_to"   timeout="20s" />
      <action name="migrate_from" timeout="20s" />
      <action name="validate-all" timeout="20s" />
      <action name="meta-data"    timeout="5s" />
      </actions>
      </resource-agent>

.. index::
   single: resource; action
   single: resource; operation

.. _operation:

Resource Operations
###################

*Operations* are actions the cluster can perform on a resource by calling the
resource agent. Resource agents must support certain common operations such as
start, stop, and monitor, and may implement any others.

Operations may be explicitly configured for two purposes: to override defaults
for options (such as timeout) that the cluster will use whenever it initiates
the operation, and to run an operation on a recurring basis (for example, to
monitor the resource for failure).

.. topic:: An OCF resource with a non-default start timeout

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Public-IP" class="ocf" type="IPaddr" provider="heartbeat">
        <operations>
           <op id="Public-IP-start" name="start" timeout="60s"/>
        </operations>
        <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip">
           <nvpair id="public-ip-addr" name="ip" value="192.0.2.2"/>
        </instance_attributes>
      </primitive>

Pacemaker identifies operations by a combination of name and interval, so this
combination must be unique for each resource. That is, you should not configure
two operations for the same resource with the same name and interval.

.. _operation_properties:

Operation Properties
____________________

Operation properties may be specified directly in the ``op`` element as
XML attributes, or in a separate ``meta_attributes`` block as ``nvpair`` elements.
XML attributes take precedence over ``nvpair`` elements if both are specified.

.. table:: **Properties of an Operation**

   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | Field          | Default                           | Description                                         |
   +================+===================================+=====================================================+
   | id             |                                   | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: id; action property                      |
   |                |                                   |    single: action; property, id                     |
   |                |                                   |                                                     |
   |                |                                   | A unique name for the operation.                    |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | name           |                                   | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: name; action property                    |
   |                |                                   |    single: action; property, name                   |
   |                |                                   |                                                     |
   |                |                                   | The action to perform. This can be any action       |
   |                |                                   | supported by the agent; common values include       |
   |                |                                   | ``monitor``, ``start``, and ``stop``.               |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | interval       | 0                                 | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: interval; action property                |
   |                |                                   |    single: action; property, interval               |
   |                |                                   |                                                     |
   |                |                                   | How frequently (in seconds) to perform the          |
   |                |                                   | operation. A value of 0 means "when needed".        |
   |                |                                   | A positive value defines a *recurring action*,      |
   |                |                                   | which is typically used with                        |
   |                |                                   | :ref:`monitor <s-resource-monitoring>`.             |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | timeout        |                                   | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: timeout; action property                 |
   |                |                                   |    single: action; property, timeout                |
   |                |                                   |                                                     |
   |                |                                   | How long to wait before declaring the action        |
   |                |                                   | has failed                                          |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | on-fail        | Varies by action:                 | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: on-fail; action property                 |
   |                | * ``stop``: ``fence`` if          |    single: action; property, on-fail                |
   |                |   ``stonith-enabled`` is true     |                                                     |
   |                |   or ``block`` otherwise          | The action to take if this action ever fails.       |
   |                | * ``demote``: ``on-fail`` of the  | Allowed values:                                     |
   |                |   ``monitor`` action with         |                                                     |
   |                |   ``role`` set to ``Promoted``,   | * ``ignore:`` Pretend the resource did not fail.    |
   |                |   if present, enabled, and        | * ``block:`` Don't perform any further operations   |
   |                |   configured to a value other     |   on the resource.                                  |
   |                |   than ``demote``, or ``restart`` | * ``stop:`` Stop the resource and do not start      |
   |                |   otherwise                       |   it elsewhere.                                     |
   |                | * all other actions: ``restart``  | * ``demote:`` Demote the resource, without a        |
   |                |                                   |   full restart. This is valid only for ``promote``  |
   |                |                                   |   actions, and for ``monitor`` actions with both    |
   |                |                                   |   a nonzero ``interval`` and ``role`` set to        |
   |                |                                   |   ``Promoted``; for any other action, a             |
   |                |                                   |   configuration error will be logged, and the       |
   |                |                                   |   default behavior will be used. *(since 2.0.5)*    |
   |                |                                   | * ``restart:`` Stop the resource and start it       |
   |                |                                   |   again (possibly on a different node).             |
   |                |                                   | * ``fence:`` STONITH the node on which the          |
   |                |                                   |   resource failed.                                  |
   |                |                                   | * ``standby:`` Move *all* resources away from the   |
   |                |                                   |   node on which the resource failed.                |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | enabled        | TRUE                              | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: enabled; action property                 |
   |                |                                   |    single: action; property, enabled                |
   |                |                                   |                                                     |
   |                |                                   | If ``false``, ignore this operation definition.     |
   |                |                                   | This is typically used to pause a particular        |
   |                |                                   | recurring ``monitor`` operation; for instance, it   |
   |                |                                   | can complement the respective resource being        |
   |                |                                   | unmanaged (``is-managed=false``), as this alone     |
   |                |                                   | will :ref:`not block any configured monitoring      |
   |                |                                   | <s-monitoring-unmanaged>`.  Disabling the operation |
   |                |                                   | does not suppress all actions of the given type.    |
   |                |                                   | Allowed values: ``true``, ``false``.                |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | record-pending | TRUE                              | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: record-pending; action property          |
   |                |                                   |    single: action; property, record-pending         |
   |                |                                   |                                                     |
   |                |                                   | If ``true``, the intention to perform the operation |
   |                |                                   | is recorded so that GUIs and CLI tools can indicate |
   |                |                                   | that an operation is in progress.  This is best set |
   |                |                                   | as an *operation default*                           |
   |                |                                   | (see :ref:`s-operation-defaults`).  Allowed values: |
   |                |                                   | ``true``, ``false``.                                |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | role           |                                   | .. index::                                          |
   |                |                                   |    single: role; action property                    |
   |                |                                   |    single: action; property, role                   |
   |                |                                   |                                                     |
   |                |                                   | Run the operation only on node(s) that the cluster  |
   |                |                                   | thinks should be in the specified role. This only   |
   |                |                                   | makes sense for recurring ``monitor`` operations.   |
   |                |                                   | Allowed (case-sensitive) values: ``Stopped``,       |
   |                |                                   | ``Started``, and in the case of :ref:`promotable    |
   |                |                                   | clone resources <s-resource-promotable>`,           |
   |                |                                   | ``Unpromoted`` and ``Promoted``.                    |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

.. note::

   When ``on-fail`` is set to ``demote``, recovery from failure by a successful
   demote causes the cluster to recalculate whether and where a new instance
   should be promoted. The node with the failure is eligible, so if promotion
   scores have not changed, it will be promoted again.

   There is no direct equivalent of ``migration-threshold`` for the promoted
   role, but the same effect can be achieved with a location constraint using a
   :ref:`rule <rules>` with a node attribute expression for the resource's fail
   count.

   For example, to immediately ban the promoted role from a node with any
   failed promote or promoted instance monitor:

   .. code-block:: xml

      <rsc_location id="loc1" rsc="my_primitive">
          <rule id="rule1" score="-INFINITY" role="Promoted" boolean-op="or">
            <expression id="expr1" attribute="fail-count-my_primitive#promote_0"
              operation="gte" value="1"/>
            <expression id="expr2" attribute="fail-count-my_primitive#monitor_10000"
              operation="gte" value="1"/>
          </rule>
      </rsc_location>

   This example assumes that there is a promotable clone of the ``my_primitive``
   resource (note that the primitive name, not the clone name, is used in the
   rule), and that there is a recurring 10-second-interval monitor configured for
   the promoted role (fail count attributes specify the interval in
   milliseconds).

.. _s-resource-monitoring:

Monitoring Resources for Failure
________________________________

When Pacemaker first starts a resource, it runs one-time ``monitor`` operations
(referred to as *probes*) to ensure the resource is running where it's
supposed to be, and not running where it's not supposed to be. (This behavior
can be affected by the ``resource-discovery`` location constraint property.)

Other than those initial probes, Pacemaker will *not* (by default) check that
the resource continues to stay healthy [#]_.  You must configure ``monitor``
operations explicitly to perform these checks.

.. topic:: An OCF resource with a recurring health check

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Public-IP" class="ocf" type="IPaddr" provider="heartbeat">
        <operations>
           <op id="Public-IP-start" name="start" timeout="60s"/>
           <op id="Public-IP-monitor" name="monitor" interval="60s"/>
        </operations>
        <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip">
           <nvpair id="public-ip-addr" name="ip" value="192.0.2.2"/>
        </instance_attributes>
      </primitive>

By default, a ``monitor`` operation will ensure that the resource is running
where it is supposed to. The ``target-role`` property can be used for further
checking.

For example, if a resource has one ``monitor`` operation with
``interval=10 role=Started`` and a second ``monitor`` operation with
``interval=11 role=Stopped``, the cluster will run the first monitor on any nodes
it thinks *should* be running the resource, and the second monitor on any nodes
that it thinks *should not* be running the resource (for the truly paranoid,
who want to know when an administrator manually starts a service by mistake).

.. note::

   Currently, monitors with ``role=Stopped`` are not implemented for
   :ref:`clone <s-resource-clone>` resources.

.. _s-monitoring-unmanaged:

Monitoring Resources When Administration is Disabled
____________________________________________________

Recurring ``monitor`` operations behave differently under various administrative
settings:

* When a resource is unmanaged (by setting ``is-managed=false``): No monitors
  will be stopped.

  If the unmanaged resource is stopped on a node where the cluster thinks it
  should be running, the cluster will detect and report that it is not, but it
  will not consider the monitor failed, and will not try to start the resource
  until it is managed again.

  Starting the unmanaged resource on a different node is strongly discouraged
  and will at least cause the cluster to consider the resource failed, and
  may require the resource's ``target-role`` to be set to ``Stopped`` then
  ``Started`` to be recovered.

* When a node is put into standby: All resources will be moved away from the
  node, and all ``monitor`` operations will be stopped on the node, except those
  specifying ``role`` as ``Stopped`` (which will be newly initiated if
  appropriate).

* When the cluster is put into maintenance mode: All resources will be marked
  as unmanaged. All monitor operations will be stopped, except those
  specifying ``role`` as ``Stopped`` (which will be newly initiated if
  appropriate). As with single unmanaged resources, starting
  a resource on a node other than where the cluster expects it to be will
  cause problems.

.. _s-operation-defaults:

Setting Global Defaults for Operations
______________________________________

You can change the global default values for operation properties
in a given cluster. These are defined in an ``op_defaults`` section 
of the CIB's ``configuration`` section, and can be set with
``crm_attribute``.  For example,

.. code-block:: none

   # crm_attribute --type op_defaults --name timeout --update 20s

would default each operation's ``timeout`` to 20 seconds.  If an
operation's definition also includes a value for ``timeout``, then that
value would be used for that operation instead.

When Implicit Operations Take a Long Time
_________________________________________

The cluster will always perform a number of implicit operations: ``start``,
``stop`` and a non-recurring ``monitor`` operation used at startup to check
whether the resource is already active.  If one of these is taking too long,
then you can create an entry for them and specify a longer timeout.

.. topic:: An OCF resource with custom timeouts for its implicit actions

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Public-IP" class="ocf" type="IPaddr" provider="heartbeat">
        <operations>
           <op id="public-ip-startup" name="monitor" interval="0" timeout="90s"/>
           <op id="public-ip-start" name="start" interval="0" timeout="180s"/>
           <op id="public-ip-stop" name="stop" interval="0" timeout="15min"/>
        </operations>
        <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip">
           <nvpair id="public-ip-addr" name="ip" value="192.0.2.2"/>
        </instance_attributes>
      </primitive>

Multiple Monitor Operations
___________________________

Provided no two operations (for a single resource) have the same name
and interval, you can have as many ``monitor`` operations as you like.
In this way, you can do a superficial health check every minute and
progressively more intense ones at higher intervals.

To tell the resource agent what kind of check to perform, you need to
provide each monitor with a different value for a common parameter.
The OCF standard creates a special parameter called ``OCF_CHECK_LEVEL``
for this purpose and dictates that it is "made available to the
resource agent without the normal ``OCF_RESKEY`` prefix".

Whatever name you choose, you can specify it by adding an
``instance_attributes`` block to the ``op`` tag. It is up to each
resource agent to look for the parameter and decide how to use it.

.. topic:: An OCF resource with two recurring health checks, performing
           different levels of checks specified via ``OCF_CHECK_LEVEL``.

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Public-IP" class="ocf" type="IPaddr" provider="heartbeat">
         <operations>
            <op id="public-ip-health-60" name="monitor" interval="60">
               <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip-depth-60">
                  <nvpair id="public-ip-depth-60" name="OCF_CHECK_LEVEL" value="10"/>
               </instance_attributes>
            </op>
            <op id="public-ip-health-300" name="monitor" interval="300">
               <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip-depth-300">
                  <nvpair id="public-ip-depth-300" name="OCF_CHECK_LEVEL" value="20"/>
               </instance_attributes>
           </op>
         </operations>
         <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip">
             <nvpair id="public-ip-level" name="ip" value="192.0.2.2"/>
         </instance_attributes>
      </primitive>

Disabling a Monitor Operation
_____________________________

The easiest way to stop a recurring monitor is to just delete it.
However, there can be times when you only want to disable it
temporarily.  In such cases, simply add ``enabled=false`` to the
operation's definition.

.. topic:: Example of an OCF resource with a disabled health check

   .. code-block:: xml

      <primitive id="Public-IP" class="ocf" type="IPaddr" provider="heartbeat">
         <operations>
            <op id="public-ip-check" name="monitor" interval="60s" enabled="false"/>
         </operations>
         <instance_attributes id="params-public-ip">
            <nvpair id="public-ip-addr" name="ip" value="192.0.2.2"/>
         </instance_attributes>
      </primitive>

This can be achieved from the command line by executing:

.. code-block:: none

   # cibadmin --modify --xml-text '<op id="public-ip-check" enabled="false"/>'

Once you've done whatever you needed to do, you can then re-enable it with

.. code-block:: none

   # cibadmin --modify --xml-text '<op id="public-ip-check" enabled="true"/>'

.. [#] See https://github.com/ClusterLabs/OCF-spec/tree/master/ra. The
       Pacemaker implementation has been somewhat extended from the OCF specs.

.. [#] The resource-agents source code includes the **ocf-tester** script,
       which can be useful in this regard.

.. [#] See http://refspecs.linux-foundation.org/LSB_3.0.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptact.html
       for the LSB Spec as it relates to init scripts.

.. [#] For example, http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd-for-admins-3.html

.. [#] The project has two independent forks, hosted at
       https://www.nagios-plugins.org/ and https://www.monitoring-plugins.org/. Output
       from both projects' plugins is similar, so plugins from either project can be
       used with pacemaker.

.. [#] Currently, anyway. Automatic monitoring operations may be added in a future
       version of Pacemaker.
