// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

#include "arrow/adapters/orc/adapter.h"

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <orc/OrcFile.hh>
#include <string>

#include "arrow/adapters/orc/adapter_util.h"
#include "arrow/array.h"
#include "arrow/buffer.h"
#include "arrow/buffer_builder.h"
#include "arrow/chunked_array.h"
#include "arrow/compute/cast.h"
#include "arrow/io/interfaces.h"
#include "arrow/io/memory.h"
#include "arrow/status.h"
#include "arrow/table.h"
#include "arrow/testing/gtest_util.h"
#include "arrow/testing/random.h"
#include "arrow/type.h"
#include "arrow/util/decimal.h"
#include "arrow/util/key_value_metadata.h"

namespace liborc = orc;

namespace arrow {

using internal::checked_pointer_cast;

constexpr int kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize = 16384 * 5;  // 80KB
constexpr int kDefaultMemStreamSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
constexpr int64_t kNanoMax = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
constexpr int64_t kNanoMin = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::lowest();
const int64_t kMicroMax = std::floor(kNanoMax / 1000);
const int64_t kMicroMin = std::ceil(kNanoMin / 1000);
const int64_t kMilliMax = std::floor(kMicroMax / 1000);
const int64_t kMilliMin = std::ceil(kMicroMin / 1000);
const int64_t kSecondMax = std::floor(kMilliMax / 1000);
const int64_t kSecondMin = std::ceil(kMilliMin / 1000);

static constexpr random::SeedType kRandomSeed = 0x0ff1ce;

class MemoryOutputStream : public liborc::OutputStream {
 public:
  explicit MemoryOutputStream(ssize_t capacity)
      : data_(capacity), name_("MemoryOutputStream"), length_(0) {}

  uint64_t getLength() const override { return length_; }

  uint64_t getNaturalWriteSize() const override { return natural_write_size_; }

  void write(const void* buf, size_t size) override {
    memcpy(data_.data() + length_, buf, size);
    length_ += size;
  }

  const std::string& getName() const override { return name_; }

  const char* getData() const { return data_.data(); }

  void close() override {}

  void reset() { length_ = 0; }

 private:
  std::vector<char> data_;
  std::string name_;
  uint64_t length_, natural_write_size_;
};

std::shared_ptr<Buffer> GenerateFixedDifferenceBuffer(int32_t fixed_length,
                                                      int64_t length) {
  BufferBuilder builder;
  int32_t offsets[length];
  ARROW_EXPECT_OK(builder.Resize(4 * length));
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    offsets[i] = fixed_length * i;
  }
  ARROW_EXPECT_OK(builder.Append(offsets, 4 * length));
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer;
  ARROW_EXPECT_OK(builder.Finish(&buffer));
  return buffer;
}

std::shared_ptr<Array> CastFixedSizeBinaryArrayToBinaryArray(
    std::shared_ptr<Array> array) {
  auto fixed_size_binary_array = checked_pointer_cast<FixedSizeBinaryArray>(array);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> value_offsets = GenerateFixedDifferenceBuffer(
      fixed_size_binary_array->byte_width(), array->length() + 1);
  return std::make_shared<BinaryArray>(array->length(), value_offsets,
                                       array->data()->buffers[1],
                                       array->data()->buffers[0]);
}

template <typename TargetArrayType>
std::shared_ptr<Array> CastInt64ArrayToTemporalArray(
    const std::shared_ptr<DataType>& type, std::shared_ptr<Array> array) {
  std::shared_ptr<ArrayData> new_array_data =
      ArrayData::Make(type, array->length(), array->data()->buffers);
  return std::make_shared<TargetArrayType>(new_array_data);
}

Result<std::shared_ptr<Array>> GenerateRandomDate64Array(int64_t size,
                                                         double null_probability) {
  arrow::random::RandomArrayGenerator rand(kRandomSeed);
  return CastInt64ArrayToTemporalArray<Date64Array>(
      date64(), rand.Int64(size, kMilliMin, kMilliMax, null_probability));
}

Result<std::shared_ptr<Array>> GenerateRandomTimestampArray(int64_t size,
                                                            arrow::TimeUnit::type type,
                                                            double null_probability) {
  arrow::random::RandomArrayGenerator rand(kRandomSeed);
  switch (type) {
    case arrow::TimeUnit::type::SECOND: {
      return CastInt64ArrayToTemporalArray<TimestampArray>(
          timestamp(TimeUnit::SECOND),
          rand.Int64(size, kSecondMin, kSecondMax, null_probability));
    }
    case arrow::TimeUnit::type::MILLI: {
      return CastInt64ArrayToTemporalArray<TimestampArray>(
          timestamp(TimeUnit::MILLI),
          rand.Int64(size, kMilliMin, kMilliMax, null_probability));
    }
    case arrow::TimeUnit::type::MICRO: {
      return CastInt64ArrayToTemporalArray<TimestampArray>(
          timestamp(TimeUnit::MICRO),
          rand.Int64(size, kMicroMin, kMicroMax, null_probability));
    }
    case arrow::TimeUnit::type::NANO: {
      return CastInt64ArrayToTemporalArray<TimestampArray>(
          timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO),
          rand.Int64(size, kNanoMin, kNanoMax, null_probability));
    }
    default: {
      return arrow::Status::TypeError("Unknown or unsupported Arrow TimeUnit: ", type);
    }
  }
}

/// \brief Construct a random weak composition of a nonnegative integer
/// i.e. a way of writing it as the sum of a sequence of n non-negative
/// integers.
///
/// \param[in] n the number of integers in the weak composition
/// \param[in] sum the integer of which a random weak composition is generated
/// \param[out] out The generated weak composition
template <typename T, typename U>
void RandWeakComposition(int64_t n, T sum, std::vector<U>* out) {
  const int random_seed = 0;
  std::default_random_engine gen(random_seed);
  out->resize(n, static_cast<T>(0));
  T remaining_sum = sum;
  std::generate(out->begin(), out->end() - 1, [&gen, &remaining_sum] {
    std::uniform_int_distribution<T> d(static_cast<T>(0), remaining_sum);
    auto res = d(gen);
    remaining_sum -= res;
    return static_cast<U>(res);
  });
  (*out)[n - 1] += remaining_sum;
  std::random_shuffle(out->begin(), out->end());
}

std::shared_ptr<ChunkedArray> GenerateRandomChunkedArray(
    const std::shared_ptr<DataType>& data_type, int64_t size, int64_t min_num_chunks,
    int64_t max_num_chunks, double null_probability) {
  arrow::random::RandomArrayGenerator rand(kRandomSeed);
  std::vector<int64_t> num_chunks(1, 0);
  std::vector<int64_t> current_size_chunks;
  arrow::randint<int64_t, int64_t>(1, min_num_chunks, max_num_chunks, &num_chunks);
  int64_t current_num_chunks = num_chunks[0];
  ArrayVector arrays(current_num_chunks, nullptr);
  arrow::RandWeakComposition(current_num_chunks, size, &current_size_chunks);
  for (int j = 0; j < current_num_chunks; j++) {
    switch (data_type->id()) {
      case arrow::Type::type::DATE64: {
        EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(arrays[j], GenerateRandomDate64Array(current_size_chunks[j],
                                                                  null_probability));
        break;
      }
      case arrow::Type::type::TIMESTAMP: {
        EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
            arrays[j],
            GenerateRandomTimestampArray(
                current_size_chunks[j],
                arrow::internal::checked_pointer_cast<arrow::TimestampType>(data_type)
                    ->unit(),
                null_probability));
        break;
      }
      default:
        arrays[j] = rand.ArrayOf(data_type, current_size_chunks[j], null_probability);
    }
  }
  return std::make_shared<ChunkedArray>(arrays);
}

std::shared_ptr<Table> GenerateRandomTable(const std::shared_ptr<Schema>& schema,
                                           int64_t size, int64_t min_num_chunks,
                                           int64_t max_num_chunks,
                                           double null_probability) {
  int num_cols = schema->num_fields();
  ChunkedArrayVector cv;
  for (int col = 0; col < num_cols; col++) {
    cv.push_back(GenerateRandomChunkedArray(schema->field(col)->type(), size,
                                            min_num_chunks, max_num_chunks,
                                            null_probability));
  }
  return Table::Make(schema, cv);
}

void AssertTableWriteReadEqual(const std::shared_ptr<Table>& input_table,
                               const std::shared_ptr<Table>& expected_output_table,
                               const int64_t max_size = kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize) {
  EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto buffer_output_stream,
                       io::BufferOutputStream::Create(max_size));
  EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto writer,
                       adapters::orc::ORCFileWriter::Open(buffer_output_stream.get()));
  ARROW_EXPECT_OK(writer->Write(*input_table));
  ARROW_EXPECT_OK(writer->Close());
  EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto buffer, buffer_output_stream->Finish());
  std::shared_ptr<io::RandomAccessFile> in_stream(new io::BufferReader(buffer));
  std::unique_ptr<adapters::orc::ORCFileReader> reader;
  ARROW_EXPECT_OK(
      adapters::orc::ORCFileReader::Open(in_stream, default_memory_pool(), &reader));
  std::shared_ptr<Table> actual_output_table;
  ARROW_EXPECT_OK(reader->Read(&actual_output_table));
  AssertTablesEqual(*expected_output_table, *actual_output_table, false, false);
}
void AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(const std::shared_ptr<Array>& input_array,
                               const std::shared_ptr<Array>& expected_output_array,
                               const int64_t max_size = kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize) {
  std::shared_ptr<Schema> input_schema = schema({field("col0", input_array->type())}),
                          output_schema =
                              schema({field("col0", expected_output_array->type())});
  auto input_chunked_array = std::make_shared<ChunkedArray>(input_array),
       expected_output_chunked_array =
           std::make_shared<ChunkedArray>(expected_output_array);
  std::shared_ptr<Table> input_table = Table::Make(input_schema, {input_chunked_array}),
                         expected_output_table =
                             Table::Make(output_schema, {expected_output_chunked_array});
  AssertTableWriteReadEqual(input_table, expected_output_table, max_size);
}

void SchemaORCWriteReadTest(const std::shared_ptr<Schema>& schema, int64_t size,
                            int64_t min_num_chunks, int64_t max_num_chunks,
                            double null_probability,
                            int64_t max_size = kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize) {
  const std::shared_ptr<Table> table =
      GenerateRandomTable(schema, size, min_num_chunks, max_num_chunks, null_probability);
  AssertTableWriteReadEqual(table, table, max_size);
}

std::unique_ptr<liborc::Writer> CreateWriter(uint64_t stripe_size,
                                             const liborc::Type& type,
                                             liborc::OutputStream* stream) {
  liborc::WriterOptions options;
  options.setStripeSize(stripe_size);
  options.setCompressionBlockSize(1024);
  options.setMemoryPool(liborc::getDefaultPool());
  options.setRowIndexStride(0);
  return liborc::createWriter(type, stream, options);
}

TEST(TestAdapterRead, ReadIntAndStringFileMultipleStripes) {
  MemoryOutputStream mem_stream(kDefaultMemStreamSize);
  ORC_UNIQUE_PTR<liborc::Type> type(
      liborc::Type::buildTypeFromString("struct<col1:int,col2:string>"));

  constexpr uint64_t stripe_size = 1024;  // 1K
  constexpr uint64_t stripe_count = 10;
  constexpr uint64_t stripe_row_count = 16384;
  constexpr uint64_t reader_batch_size = 1024;

  auto writer = CreateWriter(stripe_size, *type, &mem_stream);
  auto batch = writer->createRowBatch(stripe_row_count);
  auto struct_batch = internal::checked_cast<liborc::StructVectorBatch*>(batch.get());
  auto long_batch =
      internal::checked_cast<liborc::LongVectorBatch*>(struct_batch->fields[0]);
  auto str_batch =
      internal::checked_cast<liborc::StringVectorBatch*>(struct_batch->fields[1]);
  int64_t accumulated = 0;

  for (uint64_t j = 0; j < stripe_count; ++j) {
    std::string data_buffer(stripe_row_count * 5, '\0');
    uint64_t offset = 0;
    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < stripe_row_count; ++i) {
      std::string str_data = std::to_string(accumulated % stripe_row_count);
      long_batch->data[i] = static_cast<int64_t>(accumulated % stripe_row_count);
      str_batch->data[i] = &data_buffer[offset];
      str_batch->length[i] = static_cast<int64_t>(str_data.size());
      memcpy(&data_buffer[offset], str_data.c_str(), str_data.size());
      accumulated++;
      offset += str_data.size();
    }
    struct_batch->numElements = stripe_row_count;
    long_batch->numElements = stripe_row_count;
    str_batch->numElements = stripe_row_count;

    writer->add(*batch);
  }

  writer->close();

  std::shared_ptr<io::RandomAccessFile> in_stream(new io::BufferReader(
      std::make_shared<Buffer>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(mem_stream.getData()),
                               static_cast<int64_t>(mem_stream.getLength()))));

  std::unique_ptr<adapters::orc::ORCFileReader> reader;
  ASSERT_TRUE(
      adapters::orc::ORCFileReader::Open(in_stream, default_memory_pool(), &reader).ok());

  EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto metadata, reader->ReadMetadata());
  auto expected_metadata = std::const_pointer_cast<const KeyValueMetadata>(
      key_value_metadata(std::vector<std::string>(), std::vector<std::string>()));
  ASSERT_TRUE(metadata->Equals(*expected_metadata));
  ASSERT_EQ(stripe_row_count * stripe_count, reader->NumberOfRows());
  ASSERT_EQ(stripe_count, reader->NumberOfStripes());
  accumulated = 0;
  std::shared_ptr<RecordBatchReader> stripe_reader;
  EXPECT_TRUE(reader->NextStripeReader(reader_batch_size, &stripe_reader).ok());
  while (stripe_reader) {
    std::shared_ptr<RecordBatch> record_batch;
    EXPECT_TRUE(stripe_reader->ReadNext(&record_batch).ok());
    while (record_batch) {
      auto int32_array = checked_pointer_cast<Int32Array>(record_batch->column(0));
      auto str_array = checked_pointer_cast<StringArray>(record_batch->column(1));
      for (int j = 0; j < record_batch->num_rows(); ++j) {
        EXPECT_EQ(accumulated % stripe_row_count, int32_array->Value(j));
        EXPECT_EQ(std::to_string(accumulated % stripe_row_count),
                  str_array->GetString(j));
        accumulated++;
      }
      EXPECT_TRUE(stripe_reader->ReadNext(&record_batch).ok());
    }
    EXPECT_TRUE(reader->NextStripeReader(reader_batch_size, &stripe_reader).ok());
  }

  // test seek operation
  int64_t start_offset = 830;
  EXPECT_TRUE(reader->Seek(stripe_row_count + start_offset).ok());

  EXPECT_TRUE(reader->NextStripeReader(reader_batch_size, &stripe_reader).ok());
  std::shared_ptr<RecordBatch> record_batch;
  EXPECT_TRUE(stripe_reader->ReadNext(&record_batch).ok());
  while (record_batch) {
    auto int32_array = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Int32Array>(record_batch->column(0));
    auto str_array = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<StringArray>(record_batch->column(1));
    for (int j = 0; j < record_batch->num_rows(); ++j) {
      std::ostringstream os;
      os << start_offset % stripe_row_count;
      EXPECT_EQ(start_offset % stripe_row_count, int32_array->Value(j));
      EXPECT_EQ(os.str(), str_array->GetString(j));
      start_offset++;
    }
    EXPECT_TRUE(stripe_reader->ReadNext(&record_batch).ok());
  }
}

// WriteORC tests
// Trivial

class TestORCWriterTrivialNoConversion : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
  TestORCWriterTrivialNoConversion() {
    table_schema = schema(
        {field("bool", boolean()), field("int8", int8()), field("int16", int16()),
         field("int32", int32()), field("int64", int64()), field("float", float32()),
         field("double", float64()), field("decimal128nz", decimal128(25, 6)),
         field("decimal128z", decimal128(32, 0)), field("date32", date32()),
         field("ts3", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)), field("string", utf8()),
         field("binary", binary()),
         field("struct", struct_({field("a", utf8()), field("b", int64())})),
         field("list", list(int32())),
         field("lsl", list(struct_({field("lsl0", list(int32()))}))),
         field("map", map(utf8(), utf8()))});
  }

 protected:
  std::shared_ptr<Schema> table_schema;
};
TEST_F(TestORCWriterTrivialNoConversion, writeTrivialChunk) {
  std::shared_ptr<Table> table = TableFromJSON(table_schema, {R"([])"});
  AssertTableWriteReadEqual(table, table, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize / 16);
}
TEST_F(TestORCWriterTrivialNoConversion, writeChunkless) {
  std::shared_ptr<Table> table = TableFromJSON(table_schema, {});
  AssertTableWriteReadEqual(table, table, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize / 16);
}
class TestORCWriterTrivialWithConversion : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
  TestORCWriterTrivialWithConversion() {
    input_schema = schema(
        {field("date64", date64()), field("ts0", timestamp(TimeUnit::SECOND)),
         field("ts1", timestamp(TimeUnit::MILLI)),
         field("ts2", timestamp(TimeUnit::MICRO)), field("large_string", large_utf8()),
         field("large_binary", large_binary()),
         field("fixed_size_binary0", fixed_size_binary(0)),
         field("fixed_size_binary", fixed_size_binary(5)),
         field("large_list", large_list(int32())),
         field("fixed_size_list", fixed_size_list(int32(), 3))}),
    output_schema = schema(
        {field("date64", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)),
         field("ts0", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)), field("ts1", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)),
         field("ts2", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)), field("large_string", utf8()),
         field("large_binary", binary()), field("fixed_size_binary0", binary()),
         field("fixed_size_binary", binary()), field("large_list", list(int32())),
         field("fixed_size_list", list(int32()))});
  }

 protected:
  std::shared_ptr<Schema> input_schema, output_schema;
};
TEST_F(TestORCWriterTrivialWithConversion, writeTrivialChunk) {
  std::shared_ptr<Table> input_table = TableFromJSON(input_schema, {R"([])"}),
                         expected_output_table = TableFromJSON(output_schema, {R"([])"});
  AssertTableWriteReadEqual(input_table, expected_output_table,
                            kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize / 16);
}
TEST_F(TestORCWriterTrivialWithConversion, writeChunkless) {
  std::shared_ptr<Table> input_table = TableFromJSON(input_schema, {}),
                         expected_output_table = TableFromJSON(output_schema, {});
  AssertTableWriteReadEqual(input_table, expected_output_table,
                            kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize / 16);
}

// General

class TestORCWriterNoConversion : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
  TestORCWriterNoConversion() {
    table_schema = schema(
        {field("bool", boolean()), field("int8", int8()), field("int16", int16()),
         field("int32", int32()), field("int64", int64()), field("float", float32()),
         field("double", float64()), field("date32", date32()),
         field("decimal64", decimal128(18, 4)), field("decimal64z", decimal128(18, 0)),
         field("ts3", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)), field("string", utf8()),
         field("binary", binary())});
  }

 protected:
  std::shared_ptr<Schema> table_schema;
};
TEST_F(TestORCWriterNoConversion, writeNoNulls) {
  SchemaORCWriteReadTest(table_schema, 11203, 5, 10, 0, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 5);
}
TEST_F(TestORCWriterNoConversion, writeMixed) {
  SchemaORCWriteReadTest(table_schema, 9405, 1, 20, 0.6, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 5);
}
TEST_F(TestORCWriterNoConversion, writeAllNulls) {
  SchemaORCWriteReadTest(table_schema, 4006, 1, 5, 1);
}

// Converts
// Since Arrow has way more types than ORC type conversions are unavoidable
class TestORCWriterWithConversion : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
  TestORCWriterWithConversion() {
    input_schema = schema(
        {field("date64", date64()), field("ts0", timestamp(TimeUnit::SECOND)),
         field("ts1", timestamp(TimeUnit::MILLI)),
         field("ts2", timestamp(TimeUnit::MICRO)), field("large_string", large_utf8()),
         field("large_binary", large_binary()),
         field("fixed_size_binary0", fixed_size_binary(0)),
         field("fixed_size_binary", fixed_size_binary(5))}),
    output_schema = schema(
        {field("date64", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)),
         field("ts0", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)), field("ts1", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)),
         field("ts2", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)), field("large_string", utf8()),
         field("large_binary", binary()), field("fixed_size_binary0", binary()),
         field("fixed_size_binary", binary())});
  }
  void RunTest(int64_t num_rows, double null_possibility,
               int64_t max_size = kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize) {
    int64_t num_cols = (input_schema->fields()).size();
    std::shared_ptr<Table> input_table =
        GenerateRandomTable(input_schema, num_rows, 1, 1, null_possibility);
    ArrayVector av(num_cols);
    for (int i = 0; i < num_cols - 2; i++) {
      EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(av[i],
                           arrow::compute::Cast(*(input_table->column(i)->chunk(0)),
                                                output_schema->field(i)->type()));
    }
    for (int i = num_cols - 2; i < num_cols; i++) {
      av[i] = CastFixedSizeBinaryArrayToBinaryArray(input_table->column(i)->chunk(0));
    }
    std::shared_ptr<Table> expected_output_table = Table::Make(output_schema, av);
    AssertTableWriteReadEqual(input_table, expected_output_table, max_size);
  }

 protected:
  std::shared_ptr<Schema> input_schema, output_schema;
};
TEST_F(TestORCWriterWithConversion, writeAllNulls) { RunTest(12000, 1); }
TEST_F(TestORCWriterWithConversion, writeNoNulls) { RunTest(10009, 0); }
TEST_F(TestORCWriterWithConversion, writeMixed) { RunTest(8021, 0.5); }

class TestORCWriterSingleArray : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
  TestORCWriterSingleArray() : rand(kRandomSeed) {}

 protected:
  arrow::random::RandomArrayGenerator rand;
};

// Nested types
TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteStruct) {
  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Field>> subfields{field("int32", boolean())};
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  int num_subcols = subfields.size();
  ArrayVector av0(num_subcols);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_subcols; i++) {
    av0[i] = rand.ArrayOf(subfields[i]->type(), num_rows, 0.4);
  }
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> bitmap = rand.NullBitmap(num_rows, 0.5);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array =
      std::make_shared<StructArray>(struct_(subfields), num_rows, av0, bitmap);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteStructOfStruct) {
  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Field>> subsubfields{
      field("bool", boolean()),
      field("int8", int8()),
      field("int16", int16()),
      field("int32", int32()),
      field("int64", int64()),
      field("date32", date32()),
      field("ts3", timestamp(TimeUnit::NANO)),
      field("string", utf8()),
      field("binary", binary())};
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  int num_subsubcols = subsubfields.size();
  ArrayVector av00(num_subsubcols), av0(1);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_subsubcols; i++) {
    av00[i] = rand.ArrayOf(subsubfields[i]->type(), num_rows, 0);
  }
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> bitmap0 = rand.NullBitmap(num_rows, 0);
  av0[0] = std::make_shared<StructArray>(struct_(subsubfields), num_rows, av00, bitmap0);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> bitmap = rand.NullBitmap(num_rows, 0.2);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = std::make_shared<StructArray>(
      struct_({field("struct2", struct_(subsubfields))}), num_rows, av0, bitmap);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteList) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  auto value_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 125 * num_rows, 0);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.List(*value_array, num_rows, 1);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 100);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteLargeList) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  auto value_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 5 * num_rows, 0.5);
  auto output_offsets = rand.Offsets(num_rows + 1, 0, 5 * num_rows, 0.6, false);
  EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto input_offsets,
                       arrow::compute::Cast(*output_offsets, int64()));
  EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto input_array,
                       arrow::LargeListArray::FromArrays(*input_offsets, *value_array));
  EXPECT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto output_array,
                       arrow::ListArray::FromArrays(*output_offsets, *value_array));
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(input_array, output_array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteFixedSizeList) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  std::shared_ptr<Array> value_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 3 * num_rows, 0.8);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> bitmap = rand.NullBitmap(num_rows, 1);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer = GenerateFixedDifferenceBuffer(3, num_rows + 1);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> input_array = std::make_shared<FixedSizeListArray>(
                             fixed_size_list(int32(), 3), num_rows, value_array, bitmap),
                         output_array = std::make_shared<ListArray>(
                             list(int32()), num_rows, buffer, value_array, bitmap);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(input_array, output_array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteListOfList) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  auto value_value_array = rand.ArrayOf(utf8(), 4 * num_rows, 0.5);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> value_array = rand.List(*value_value_array, 2 * num_rows, 0.7);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.List(*value_array, num_rows, 0.4);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteListOfListOfList) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  auto value3_array = rand.ArrayOf(int64(), 12 * num_rows, 0.1);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> value2_array = rand.List(*value3_array, 5 * num_rows, 0);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> value_array = rand.List(*value2_array, 2 * num_rows, 0.1);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.List(*value_array, num_rows, 0.1);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 35);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteListOfStruct) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234, num_values = 3 * num_rows;
  ArrayVector av00(1);
  av00[0] = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), num_values, 0);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> bitmap = rand.NullBitmap(num_values, 0.2);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> value_array = std::make_shared<StructArray>(
      struct_({field("a", int32())}), num_values, av00, bitmap);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.List(*value_array, num_rows, 0);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 30);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteStructOfList) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  ArrayVector av0(1);
  auto value_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 5 * num_rows, 0.2);
  av0[0] = rand.List(*value_array, num_rows, 0);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> bitmap = rand.NullBitmap(num_rows, 0.2);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = std::make_shared<StructArray>(
      struct_({field("a", list(int32()))}), num_rows, av0, bitmap);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 20);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteMap) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  auto key_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 20 * num_rows, 0);
  auto item_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 20 * num_rows, 1);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.Map(key_array, item_array, num_rows, 0.1);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 50);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteStructOfMap) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234, num_values = 5 * num_rows;
  ArrayVector av0(1);
  auto key_array = rand.ArrayOf(binary(), num_values, 0);
  auto item_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), num_values, 0.5);
  av0[0] = rand.Map(key_array, item_array, num_rows, 0.2);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = std::make_shared<StructArray>(
      struct_({field("a", map(binary(), int32()))}), num_rows, av0);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 20);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteMapOfStruct) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234, num_values = 10 * num_rows;
  std::shared_ptr<Array> key_array = rand.ArrayOf(utf8(), num_values, 0);
  ArrayVector av00(1);
  av00[0] = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), num_values, 0.1);
  std::shared_ptr<Buffer> bitmap = rand.NullBitmap(num_values, 0.2);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> item_array = std::make_shared<StructArray>(
      struct_({field("a", int32())}), num_values, av00, bitmap);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.Map(key_array, item_array, num_rows, 0.1);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteMapOfMap) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  auto key_key_array = rand.ArrayOf(utf8(), 4 * num_rows, 0);
  auto key_item_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 4 * num_rows, 0.5);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> key_array =
      rand.Map(key_key_array, key_item_array, 2 * num_rows, 0);
  auto item_key_array = rand.ArrayOf(utf8(), 4 * num_rows, 0);
  auto item_item_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 4 * num_rows, 0.2);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> item_array =
      rand.Map(item_key_array, item_item_array, 2 * num_rows, 0.3);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.Map(key_array, item_array, num_rows, 0.4);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

TEST_F(TestORCWriterSingleArray, WriteListOfMap) {
  const int64_t num_rows = 1234;
  auto value_key_array = rand.ArrayOf(utf8(), 4 * num_rows, 0);
  auto value_item_array = rand.ArrayOf(int32(), 4 * num_rows, 0.5);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> value_array =
      rand.Map(value_key_array, value_item_array, 2 * num_rows, 0.2);
  std::shared_ptr<Array> array = rand.List(*value_array, num_rows, 0.4);
  AssertArrayWriteReadEqual(array, array, kDefaultSmallMemStreamSize * 10);
}

}  // namespace arrow
