// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html#License
/*
 *******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2016, Google Inc, International Business Machines
 * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
 *******************************************************************************
 */
package com.ibm.icu.util;

import java.io.Externalizable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInput;
import java.io.ObjectOutput;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import com.ibm.icu.impl.CollectionSet;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.ICUData;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.ICUResourceBundle;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.Pair;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.UResource;
import com.ibm.icu.text.UnicodeSet;

/**
 * A unit such as length, mass, volume, currency, etc.  A unit is
 * coupled with a numeric amount to produce a Measure. MeasureUnit objects are immutable.
 * All subclasses must guarantee that. (However, subclassing is discouraged.)

 *
 * @see com.ibm.icu.util.Measure
 * @author Alan Liu
 * @stable ICU 3.0
 */
public class MeasureUnit implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1839973855554750484L;

    // Cache of MeasureUnits.
    // All access to the cache or cacheIsPopulated flag must be synchronized on class MeasureUnit,
    // i.e. from synchronized static methods. Beware of non-static methods.
    private static final Map<String, Map<String,MeasureUnit>> cache
        = new HashMap<>();
    private static boolean cacheIsPopulated = false;

    /**
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected final String type;

    /**
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected final String subType;

    /**
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected MeasureUnit(String type, String subType) {
        this.type = type;
        this.subType = subType;
    }

    /**
     * Get the type, such as "length"
     *
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }


    /**
     * Get the subType, such as “foot”.
     *
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public String getSubtype() {
        return subType;
    }



    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.0
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return 31 * type.hashCode() + subType.hashCode();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.0
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object rhs) {
        if (rhs == this) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!(rhs instanceof MeasureUnit)) {
            return false;
        }
        MeasureUnit c = (MeasureUnit) rhs;
        return type.equals(c.type) && subType.equals(c.subType);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @stable ICU 3.0
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return type + "-" + subType;
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the available units' types. Returned set is unmodifiable.
     *
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public synchronized static Set<String> getAvailableTypes() {
        populateCache();
        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(cache.keySet());
    }

    /**
     * For the given type, return the available units.
     * @param type the type
     * @return the available units for type. Returned set is unmodifiable.
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public synchronized static Set<MeasureUnit> getAvailable(String type) {
        populateCache();
        Map<String, MeasureUnit> units = cache.get(type);
        // Train users not to modify returned set from the start giving us more
        // flexibility for implementation.
        // Use CollectionSet instead of HashSet for better performance.
        return units == null ? Collections.<MeasureUnit>emptySet()
                : Collections.unmodifiableSet(new CollectionSet<>(units.values()));
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the available units. Returned set is unmodifiable.
     *
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public synchronized static Set<MeasureUnit> getAvailable() {
        Set<MeasureUnit> result = new HashSet<>();
        for (String type : new HashSet<>(MeasureUnit.getAvailableTypes())) {
            for (MeasureUnit unit : MeasureUnit.getAvailable(type)) {
                result.add(unit);
            }
        }
        // Train users not to modify returned set from the start giving us more
        // flexibility for implementation.
        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(result);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a MeasureUnit instance (creates a singleton instance) or returns one from the cache.
     * <p>
     * Normally this method should not be used, since there will be no formatting data
     * available for it, and it may not be returned by getAvailable().
     * However, for special purposes (such as CLDR tooling), it is available.
     *
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static MeasureUnit internalGetInstance(String type, String subType) {
        if (type == null || subType == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Type and subType must be non-null");
        }
        if (!"currency".equals(type)) {
            if (!ASCII.containsAll(type) || !ASCII_HYPHEN_DIGITS.containsAll(subType)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The type or subType are invalid.");
            }
        }
        Factory factory;
        if ("currency".equals(type)) {
            factory = CURRENCY_FACTORY;
        } else if ("duration".equals(type)) {
            factory = TIMEUNIT_FACTORY;
        } else if ("none".equals(type)) {
            factory = NOUNIT_FACTORY;
        } else {
            factory = UNIT_FACTORY;
        }
        return MeasureUnit.addUnit(type, subType, factory);
    }

    /**
     * For ICU use only.
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static MeasureUnit resolveUnitPerUnit(MeasureUnit unit, MeasureUnit perUnit) {
        return unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.get(Pair.of(unit, perUnit));
    }

    static final UnicodeSet ASCII = new UnicodeSet('a', 'z').freeze();
    static final UnicodeSet ASCII_HYPHEN_DIGITS = new UnicodeSet('-', '-', '0', '9', 'a', 'z').freeze();

    /**
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected interface Factory {
        /**
         * @internal
         * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
         */
        @Deprecated
        MeasureUnit create(String type, String subType);
    }

    private static Factory UNIT_FACTORY = new Factory() {
        @Override
        public MeasureUnit create(String type, String subType) {
            return new MeasureUnit(type, subType);
        }
    };

    static Factory CURRENCY_FACTORY = new Factory() {
        @Override
        public MeasureUnit create(String unusedType, String subType) {
            return new Currency(subType);
        }
    };

    static Factory TIMEUNIT_FACTORY = new Factory() {
        @Override
        public MeasureUnit create(String type, String subType) {
           return new TimeUnit(type, subType);
        }
    };

    static Factory NOUNIT_FACTORY = new Factory() {
        @Override
        public MeasureUnit create(String type, String subType) {
           return new NoUnit(subType);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Sink for enumerating the available measure units.
     */
    private static final class MeasureUnitSink extends UResource.Sink {
        @Override
        public void put(UResource.Key key, UResource.Value value, boolean noFallback) {
            UResource.Table unitTypesTable = value.getTable();
            for (int i2 = 0; unitTypesTable.getKeyAndValue(i2, key, value); ++i2) {
                // Skip "compound" and "coordinate" since they are treated differently from the other units
                if (key.contentEquals("compound") || key.contentEquals("coordinate")) {
                    continue;
                }

                String unitType = key.toString();
                UResource.Table unitNamesTable = value.getTable();
                for (int i3 = 0; unitNamesTable.getKeyAndValue(i3, key, value); ++i3) {
                    String unitName = key.toString();
                    internalGetInstance(unitType, unitName);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sink for enumerating the currency numeric codes.
     */
    private static final class CurrencyNumericCodeSink extends UResource.Sink {
        @Override
        public void put(UResource.Key key, UResource.Value value, boolean noFallback) {
            UResource.Table codesTable = value.getTable();
            for (int i1 = 0; codesTable.getKeyAndValue(i1, key, value); ++i1) {
                internalGetInstance("currency", key.toString());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Populate the MeasureUnit cache with all types from the data.
     * Population is done lazily, in response to MeasureUnit.getAvailable()
     * or other API that expects to see all of the MeasureUnits.
     *
     * <p>At static initialization time the MeasureUnits cache is populated
     * with public static instances (G_FORCE, METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED, etc.) only.
     * Adding of others is deferred until later to avoid circular static init
     * dependencies with classes Currency and TimeUnit.
     *
     * <p>Synchronization: this function must be called from static synchronized methods only.
     *
     * @internal
     */
    static private void populateCache() {
        if (cacheIsPopulated) {
            return;
        }
        cacheIsPopulated = true;

        /*  Schema:
         *
         *  units{
         *    duration{
         *      day{
         *        one{"{0} ден"}
         *        other{"{0} дена"}
         *      }
         */

        // Load the unit types.  Use English, since we know that that is a superset.
        ICUResourceBundle rb1 = (ICUResourceBundle) UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(
                ICUData.ICU_UNIT_BASE_NAME,
                "en");
        rb1.getAllItemsWithFallback("units", new MeasureUnitSink());

        // Load the currencies
        ICUResourceBundle rb2 = (ICUResourceBundle) UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(
                ICUData.ICU_BASE_NAME,
                "currencyNumericCodes",
                ICUResourceBundle.ICU_DATA_CLASS_LOADER);
        rb2.getAllItemsWithFallback("codeMap", new CurrencyNumericCodeSink());
    }

    /**
     * @internal
     * @deprecated This API is ICU internal only.
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected synchronized static MeasureUnit addUnit(String type, String unitName, Factory factory) {
        Map<String, MeasureUnit> tmp = cache.get(type);
        if (tmp == null) {
            cache.put(type, tmp = new HashMap<>());
        } else {
            // "intern" the type by setting to first item's type.
            type = tmp.entrySet().iterator().next().getValue().type;
        }
        MeasureUnit unit = tmp.get(unitName);
        if (unit == null) {
            tmp.put(unitName, unit = factory.create(type, unitName));
        }
        return unit;
    }


    /*
     * Useful constants. Not necessarily complete: see {@link #getAvailable()}.
     */

// All code between the "Start generated MeasureUnit constants" comment and
// the "End generated MeasureUnit constants" comment is auto generated code
// and must not be edited manually. For instructions on how to correctly
// update this code, refer to:
// http://site.icu-project.org/design/formatting/measureformat/updating-measure-unit
//
    // Start generated MeasureUnit constants

    /**
     * Constant for unit of acceleration: g-force
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit G_FORCE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("acceleration", "g-force");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of acceleration: meter-per-second-squared
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit METER_PER_SECOND_SQUARED = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("acceleration", "meter-per-second-squared");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of angle: arc-minute
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit ARC_MINUTE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("angle", "arc-minute");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of angle: arc-second
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit ARC_SECOND = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("angle", "arc-second");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of angle: degree
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DEGREE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("angle", "degree");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of angle: radian
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit RADIAN = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("angle", "radian");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of angle: revolution
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit REVOLUTION_ANGLE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("angle", "revolution");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: acre
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit ACRE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "acre");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: dunam
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DUNAM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "dunam");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: hectare
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit HECTARE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "hectare");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: square-centimeter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SQUARE_CENTIMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "square-centimeter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: square-foot
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SQUARE_FOOT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "square-foot");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: square-inch
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SQUARE_INCH = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "square-inch");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: square-kilometer
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SQUARE_KILOMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "square-kilometer");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: square-meter
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SQUARE_METER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "square-meter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: square-mile
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SQUARE_MILE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "square-mile");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of area: square-yard
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SQUARE_YARD = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("area", "square-yard");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: karat
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KARAT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "karat");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: milligram-per-deciliter
     * @stable ICU 57
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIGRAM_PER_DECILITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "milligram-per-deciliter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: millimole-per-liter
     * @stable ICU 57
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIMOLE_PER_LITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "millimole-per-liter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: mole
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MOLE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "mole");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: part-per-million
     * @stable ICU 57
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PART_PER_MILLION = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "part-per-million");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: percent
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PERCENT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "percent");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: permille
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PERMILLE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "permille");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of concentr: permyriad
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PERMYRIAD = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("concentr", "permyriad");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of consumption: liter-per-100kilometers
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit LITER_PER_100KILOMETERS = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("consumption", "liter-per-100kilometers");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of consumption: liter-per-kilometer
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit LITER_PER_KILOMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("consumption", "liter-per-kilometer");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of consumption: mile-per-gallon
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILE_PER_GALLON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("consumption", "mile-per-gallon");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of consumption: mile-per-gallon-imperial
     * @stable ICU 57
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILE_PER_GALLON_IMPERIAL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("consumption", "mile-per-gallon-imperial");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: bit
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit BIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "bit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: byte
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit BYTE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "byte");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: gigabit
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GIGABIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "gigabit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: gigabyte
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GIGABYTE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "gigabyte");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: kilobit
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOBIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "kilobit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: kilobyte
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOBYTE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "kilobyte");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: megabit
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MEGABIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "megabit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: megabyte
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MEGABYTE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "megabyte");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: petabyte
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PETABYTE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "petabyte");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: terabit
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit TERABIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "terabit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of digital: terabyte
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit TERABYTE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("digital", "terabyte");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: century
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CENTURY = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "century");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: day
     * @stable ICU 4.0
     */
    public static final TimeUnit DAY = (TimeUnit) MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "day");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: day-person
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DAY_PERSON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "day-person");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: decade
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DECADE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "decade");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: hour
     * @stable ICU 4.0
     */
    public static final TimeUnit HOUR = (TimeUnit) MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "hour");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: microsecond
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MICROSECOND = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "microsecond");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: millisecond
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLISECOND = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "millisecond");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: minute
     * @stable ICU 4.0
     */
    public static final TimeUnit MINUTE = (TimeUnit) MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "minute");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: month
     * @stable ICU 4.0
     */
    public static final TimeUnit MONTH = (TimeUnit) MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "month");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: month-person
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MONTH_PERSON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "month-person");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: nanosecond
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit NANOSECOND = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "nanosecond");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: second
     * @stable ICU 4.0
     */
    public static final TimeUnit SECOND = (TimeUnit) MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "second");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: week
     * @stable ICU 4.0
     */
    public static final TimeUnit WEEK = (TimeUnit) MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "week");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: week-person
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit WEEK_PERSON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "week-person");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: year
     * @stable ICU 4.0
     */
    public static final TimeUnit YEAR = (TimeUnit) MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "year");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of duration: year-person
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit YEAR_PERSON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("duration", "year-person");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of electric: ampere
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit AMPERE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("electric", "ampere");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of electric: milliampere
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIAMPERE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("electric", "milliampere");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of electric: ohm
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit OHM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("electric", "ohm");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of electric: volt
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit VOLT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("electric", "volt");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: british-thermal-unit
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit BRITISH_THERMAL_UNIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "british-thermal-unit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: calorie
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CALORIE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "calorie");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: electronvolt
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit ELECTRONVOLT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "electronvolt");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: foodcalorie
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit FOODCALORIE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "foodcalorie");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: joule
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit JOULE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "joule");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: kilocalorie
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOCALORIE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "kilocalorie");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: kilojoule
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOJOULE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "kilojoule");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: kilowatt-hour
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOWATT_HOUR = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "kilowatt-hour");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of energy: therm-us
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit THERM_US = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("energy", "therm-us");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of force: newton
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit NEWTON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("force", "newton");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of force: pound-force
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit POUND_FORCE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("force", "pound-force");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of frequency: gigahertz
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GIGAHERTZ = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("frequency", "gigahertz");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of frequency: hertz
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit HERTZ = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("frequency", "hertz");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of frequency: kilohertz
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOHERTZ = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("frequency", "kilohertz");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of frequency: megahertz
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MEGAHERTZ = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("frequency", "megahertz");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of graphics: dot-per-centimeter
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DOT_PER_CENTIMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("graphics", "dot-per-centimeter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of graphics: dot-per-inch
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DOT_PER_INCH = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("graphics", "dot-per-inch");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of graphics: em
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit EM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("graphics", "em");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of graphics: megapixel
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MEGAPIXEL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("graphics", "megapixel");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of graphics: pixel
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PIXEL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("graphics", "pixel");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of graphics: pixel-per-centimeter
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PIXEL_PER_CENTIMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("graphics", "pixel-per-centimeter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of graphics: pixel-per-inch
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PIXEL_PER_INCH = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("graphics", "pixel-per-inch");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: astronomical-unit
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit ASTRONOMICAL_UNIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "astronomical-unit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: centimeter
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CENTIMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "centimeter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: decimeter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DECIMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "decimeter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: fathom
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit FATHOM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "fathom");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: foot
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit FOOT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "foot");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: furlong
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit FURLONG = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "furlong");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: inch
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit INCH = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "inch");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: kilometer
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "kilometer");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: light-year
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit LIGHT_YEAR = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "light-year");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: meter
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit METER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "meter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: micrometer
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MICROMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "micrometer");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: mile
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "mile");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: mile-scandinavian
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILE_SCANDINAVIAN = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "mile-scandinavian");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: millimeter
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "millimeter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: nanometer
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit NANOMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "nanometer");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: nautical-mile
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit NAUTICAL_MILE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "nautical-mile");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: parsec
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PARSEC = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "parsec");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: picometer
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PICOMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "picometer");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: point
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit POINT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "point");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: solar-radius
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SOLAR_RADIUS = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "solar-radius");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of length: yard
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit YARD = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("length", "yard");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of light: lux
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit LUX = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("light", "lux");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of light: solar-luminosity
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SOLAR_LUMINOSITY = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("light", "solar-luminosity");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: carat
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CARAT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "carat");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: dalton
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DALTON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "dalton");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: earth-mass
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit EARTH_MASS = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "earth-mass");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: gram
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GRAM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "gram");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: kilogram
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOGRAM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "kilogram");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: metric-ton
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit METRIC_TON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "metric-ton");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: microgram
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MICROGRAM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "microgram");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: milligram
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIGRAM = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "milligram");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: ounce
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit OUNCE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "ounce");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: ounce-troy
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit OUNCE_TROY = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "ounce-troy");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: pound
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit POUND = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "pound");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: solar-mass
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit SOLAR_MASS = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "solar-mass");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: stone
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit STONE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "stone");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of mass: ton
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit TON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("mass", "ton");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of power: gigawatt
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GIGAWATT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("power", "gigawatt");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of power: horsepower
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit HORSEPOWER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("power", "horsepower");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of power: kilowatt
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOWATT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("power", "kilowatt");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of power: megawatt
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MEGAWATT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("power", "megawatt");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of power: milliwatt
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIWATT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("power", "milliwatt");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of power: watt
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit WATT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("power", "watt");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: atmosphere
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit ATMOSPHERE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "atmosphere");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: bar
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit BAR = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "bar");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: hectopascal
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit HECTOPASCAL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "hectopascal");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: inch-hg
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit INCH_HG = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "inch-hg");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: kilopascal
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOPASCAL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "kilopascal");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: megapascal
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MEGAPASCAL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "megapascal");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: millibar
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIBAR = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "millibar");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: millimeter-of-mercury
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLIMETER_OF_MERCURY = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "millimeter-of-mercury");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: pascal
     * @draft ICU 65
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PASCAL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "pascal");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of pressure: pound-per-square-inch
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit POUND_PER_SQUARE_INCH = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("pressure", "pound-per-square-inch");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of speed: kilometer-per-hour
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KILOMETER_PER_HOUR = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("speed", "kilometer-per-hour");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of speed: knot
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KNOT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("speed", "knot");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of speed: meter-per-second
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit METER_PER_SECOND = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("speed", "meter-per-second");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of speed: mile-per-hour
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILE_PER_HOUR = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("speed", "mile-per-hour");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of temperature: celsius
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CELSIUS = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("temperature", "celsius");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of temperature: fahrenheit
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit FAHRENHEIT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("temperature", "fahrenheit");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of temperature: generic
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GENERIC_TEMPERATURE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("temperature", "generic");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of temperature: kelvin
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit KELVIN = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("temperature", "kelvin");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of torque: newton-meter
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit NEWTON_METER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("torque", "newton-meter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of torque: pound-foot
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit POUND_FOOT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("torque", "pound-foot");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: acre-foot
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit ACRE_FOOT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "acre-foot");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: barrel
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit BARREL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "barrel");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: bushel
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit BUSHEL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "bushel");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: centiliter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CENTILITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "centiliter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cubic-centimeter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUBIC_CENTIMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cubic-centimeter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cubic-foot
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUBIC_FOOT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cubic-foot");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cubic-inch
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUBIC_INCH = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cubic-inch");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cubic-kilometer
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUBIC_KILOMETER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cubic-kilometer");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cubic-meter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUBIC_METER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cubic-meter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cubic-mile
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUBIC_MILE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cubic-mile");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cubic-yard
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUBIC_YARD = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cubic-yard");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cup
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUP = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cup");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: cup-metric
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit CUP_METRIC = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "cup-metric");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: deciliter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit DECILITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "deciliter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: fluid-ounce
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit FLUID_OUNCE = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "fluid-ounce");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: fluid-ounce-imperial
     * @draft ICU 64
     * @provisional This API might change or be removed in a future release.
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit FLUID_OUNCE_IMPERIAL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "fluid-ounce-imperial");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: gallon
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GALLON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "gallon");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: gallon-imperial
     * @stable ICU 57
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit GALLON_IMPERIAL = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "gallon-imperial");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: hectoliter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit HECTOLITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "hectoliter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: liter
     * @stable ICU 53
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit LITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "liter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: megaliter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MEGALITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "megaliter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: milliliter
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit MILLILITER = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "milliliter");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: pint
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PINT = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "pint");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: pint-metric
     * @stable ICU 56
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit PINT_METRIC = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "pint-metric");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: quart
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit QUART = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "quart");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: tablespoon
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit TABLESPOON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "tablespoon");

    /**
     * Constant for unit of volume: teaspoon
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    public static final MeasureUnit TEASPOON = MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance("volume", "teaspoon");

    private static HashMap<Pair<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>, MeasureUnit>unitPerUnitToSingleUnit =
            new HashMap<>();

    static {
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.LITER, MeasureUnit.KILOMETER), MeasureUnit.LITER_PER_KILOMETER);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.POUND, MeasureUnit.SQUARE_INCH), MeasureUnit.POUND_PER_SQUARE_INCH);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.PIXEL, MeasureUnit.CENTIMETER), MeasureUnit.PIXEL_PER_CENTIMETER);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.MILE, MeasureUnit.HOUR), MeasureUnit.MILE_PER_HOUR);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.MILLIGRAM, MeasureUnit.DECILITER), MeasureUnit.MILLIGRAM_PER_DECILITER);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.MILE, MeasureUnit.GALLON_IMPERIAL), MeasureUnit.MILE_PER_GALLON_IMPERIAL);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.KILOMETER, MeasureUnit.HOUR), MeasureUnit.KILOMETER_PER_HOUR);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.MILE, MeasureUnit.GALLON), MeasureUnit.MILE_PER_GALLON);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.PIXEL, MeasureUnit.INCH), MeasureUnit.PIXEL_PER_INCH);
        unitPerUnitToSingleUnit.put(Pair.<MeasureUnit, MeasureUnit>of(MeasureUnit.METER, MeasureUnit.SECOND), MeasureUnit.METER_PER_SECOND);
    }

    // End generated MeasureUnit constants
    /* Private */

    private Object writeReplace() throws ObjectStreamException {
        return new MeasureUnitProxy(type, subType);
    }

    static final class MeasureUnitProxy implements Externalizable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3910681415330989598L;

        private String type;
        private String subType;

        public MeasureUnitProxy(String type, String subType) {
            this.type = type;
            this.subType = subType;
        }

        // Must have public constructor, to enable Externalizable
        public MeasureUnitProxy() {
        }

        @Override
        public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
            out.writeByte(0); // version
            out.writeUTF(type);
            out.writeUTF(subType);
            out.writeShort(0); // allow for more data.
        }

        @Override
        public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            /* byte version = */ in.readByte(); // version
            type = in.readUTF();
            subType = in.readUTF();
            // allow for more data from future version
            int extra = in.readShort();
            if (extra > 0) {
                byte[] extraBytes = new byte[extra];
                in.read(extraBytes, 0, extra);
            }
        }

        private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
            return MeasureUnit.internalGetInstance(type, subType);
        }
    }
}
