diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Commons.ent b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Commons.ent deleted file mode 100755 index f5bcdd1..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Commons.ent +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -&TC; Project"> - - -&TC; Mirrors"> -&TC; Wiki"> - - - - -The CentOS Artwork Repository"> -&TCPI; User's Guide"> diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index fd0139b..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ - - - Connectivity - - - - This part of the book describes how to connect your computer - to the telephone network and configure the programs required - to establish the connection through which you will transmit - data using computers. - - - - &connectivity-ppp; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity.ent b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity.ent deleted file mode 100644 index c0cee7e..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity.ent +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 018d471..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ - - - PPP - - &connectivity-ppp-overview; - &connectivity-ppp-modem; - &connectivity-ppp-server; - &connectivity-ppp-client; - &connectivity-ppp-network; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/client.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/client.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 06405e0..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/client.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ - - - The Client Computer - - - When you are configuring the client computer, you need to - install the wvdial, pppd - and system-config-network packages. From - these packages, to configure your Modem connection, you only - need to use the interface provided by the - system-config-network package. This - interface controls configuration files related to - pppd and - wvdial programs for you. - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/modem.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/modem.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 3a168ee..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/modem.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,194 +0,0 @@ - - - The Modem Device - - - In order to establish a PPP link between two computers using - the telephone line as medium for data transmission, you will - need to install and configure a modem device in each computer - you plan to connect. On the other hand, if you're planning to - use PPP to connect the same computer to different networks - simultaneously (e.g., to build a proxy between them), you will - need to install and configure one modem device for each - different network you plan to establish such simultaneous - connection in the same computer. - - - - Installing Modem Devices - - To install a modem device in the computer, you need to attach - the modem hardware to the computer and later the telephone - line to the modem hardware. To attach the modem hardware to - your computer, you need to connect the serial or USB cable - that comes from the modem hardware to the appropriate input on - your computer (whether serial or USB). To connect the modem - hardware to the telephone line, you need to unplug the cable - that connects your telephone device and plug it on the modem - device, specifically in the port reserved for data - transmission. Later, using a similar cable, you could connect - your telephone device to the modem's telephone port, so you - can realize telephone calls when no data transmition take - place through modem's data port. - - - - To be on the safe side, do everything related to hardware - installation with the computer turned off. Then, when - everthing has been put in place, turn the computer on. Once - the operating system is up and running, you can verify the - modem hardware using either the lsusb or - lspci commands, based on whether you - attached the modem device to an USB or serial port, - respectivly. These commands need to be run with - administrative privileges, thus, you probably need to do - sudo on them or login as root user in order to execute - them. For example, assuming you logged in as root user and you installed an - USB modem hardware as mentioned before, the output of - lsusb command would be similar to that - following: - - - -Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 -Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 -Bus 001 Device 002: ID 058f:6366 Alcor Micro Corp. Multi Flash Reader -Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 -Bus 005 Device 003: ID 06e0:f104 Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. -MT5634ZBA-USB MultimodemUSB (new firmware) -Bus 005 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 -Bus 005 Device 002: ID 046d:c018 Logitech, Inc. Optical Wheel Mouse -Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 - - - - The relevant line in this output is that one mentioning the - existence of your modem. For example, Multi-Tech System, - Inc. MT5634ZBA-USB MultimodemUSB (new - firmware) - - I want to thank my friend Brians Suarez Alonso for - bringing this modem hardware to me and for his paitient, - resisting my repetitive calls at night to realize - connection tests. - - . This line confirms that your modem hardware is - supported by &TCD; and it is possible to transmit data through - it. Otherwise, if the modem you installed doesn't appear in - this list, it is probably because such hardware is not - supported by &TCD;, yet. - - - - Once you have confirmed the modem hardware has been installed - in the computer (either client or server), you need to - determine the device name the operating system assigned to it. - This information is required by programs like - mgetty and - wvdial, so they can know what - device to talk to. Assuming you've connected your modem - device through an USB port, the operating system will assign - the the /dev/ttyACM0 device file to talk - to it. On the other hand, assuming you've connected your - modem device through a serial port, the operating system will - use the /dev/ttyS0 device file to talk to - it. To be absolutly sure about what device name the operating - system assigned to your modem hardware, you can use the - lshal command from hal - package. - - - - - Configuring Modem Devices - - - Inside &TCD;, modem devices can be configured using the - system-config-network tool. This tool is a - manages modem configuration files under the - /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts and - /etc/wvdial.conf. Inside - /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts, modem - configuration files can take different file names. To identify - them you need to open the file and checking the value set on - DEVICE variable. This variable can take - values like ppp0 for the first modem device, - ppp1 for the second modem device, and so on for - other modem devices. - - - - The configuration files of modem devices may vary based on - whether the computer is acting as server, client or both. - When you configure the modem device on the server computer, - you should take care of specifying both the IP address - (IPADDR) and the network mask (NETMASK) inside the - configuration file. Otherwise, the established connection - might end up having the wrong IP information you need to - transfer data correctly through it, assuming the other end - isn't configured to specify it. When you configure the modem - device on the server computer, there is no need for you to set - any configuration related to wvdial, unless you be thinking to - make your server computer to act as a client of another server - computer. In fact, in the server computer, you can create the - modem configuration file by yourself based on the information - provided at - /usr/share/doc/initscripts-*/sysconfig.txt - - - - - When you configure the modem device on the client computer, - you don't need to take care of specifying either the IP - address or network mask because the server computer will - assign them for you. The assignment of client computer IP - address is configured by ppp daemon - when it is executed by mgetty after - an incoming call has arrived to modem's port. - - - - Modem configuration file - - Modem configuration file - - - -# Please read /usr/share/doc/initscripts-*/sysconfig.txt -# for the documentation of these parameters. -TYPE=modem -DEVICE=ppp0 -BOOTPROTO=none -ONBOOT=no -USERCTL=yes -PEERDNS=yes -AC=off -BSDCOMP=off -VJCCOMP=off -CCP=off -PC=off -VJ=off -LINESPEED=115200 -MODEMPORT=/dev/ttyACM0 -PROVIDER=ProviderName -DEFROUTE=yes -PERSIST=no -PAPNAME=faith -WVDIALSECT=ProviderName -MODEMNAME=Modem0 -DEMAND=no -IPV6INIT=no -IDLETIMEOUT=600 -NETMASK=255.255.255.0 -IPADDR=192.168.1.1 - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/network.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/network.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 7fa47ba..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/network.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,637 +0,0 @@ - - - The Network Of Computers - - - This section describes how you could distribute server and - client computers to create a collaborative network. - - - - One PPP Network Of Two Computers - - - The simpliest configuration we can achieve over the telephone - network involves two computers only, where one computer would - be acting as server and another as client. In this - configuration, the client computer establishes connection to - the server to make use of internet services provided therein. - - - - When the client computer calls the server computer, the call - is attended by mgetty and then - passed to pppd for establishing a - PPP conversation between the two computers. The first thing - in a PPP conversation is the user authentication and then - (after a sucessful athentication), the IPCP conversation takes - place to set IP addresses and start data transmission over the - link recently created. In this configuration, the client - computer can set its IP address when configuring the Modem - device (see ) or - leave the server computer to assign one (assuming you are - calling a server computer). If you are configuring a server - computer, then it is necessary that you set the IP address and - netmask of the IP network you are planning to set, using the - Modem device configuration file. - - - - Configuring the IP address and netmask information inside - Modem device configuration file is very important in order to - prevent errors when transmitting data across the link. When - the the netmask information isn't set in the Modem device - configuration file, the pppd daemon on the server computer - tries to retrive such information from the client computer and - if the client computer didn't specify one either, the network - recently created would end up having a wrong information - (e.g., 255.255.255.255) which provokes - the point-to-point connection to fail when someone tries to - transfer data through it. - - -
- One PPP network of two computers - - One PPP network of two computers - - - -Provice-A PPP Server Province-A PPP Client ---------------------------\ /-------------------------- -192.168.1.1/24 | Modem ~~~ TelephoneLine ~~~ Modem | 192.168.1.2/24 ---------------------------/ \-------------------------- - - - - -
- - - The - describes the simpliest configuration we can implement for a - point-to-point connection. This configuration involves two - computers only, one acting as server (the server computer) and - other acting as client (the client computer). The client - computer calls the server computer to establish a PPP - connection in order to use whatever internet service the - server computer provides. In the figure we can see that there - are two IP addresses involved (192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.2) inside the same - newtork (255.255.255.0). - - - - This configuration might be convenient for people in the same - location, near one another. Here, the client computer - establishes connection by mean of a local telephone call and - can use whatever internet service the server computer - provides. Since the connection lifetime is limited (see ) and only two - peers can be connected at the same time (assuming only one - Modem is attached to the server computer), the implementation - of some internet services like chat may be not a practical - offer for the server computer to provide. However, internet - services like e-mail fit perfectly on this environment where - more than one client computer would be struggling among - themselves for establishing connection with the server - computer (e.g., people connect to send/receive their e-mail - messages to/from the server computer). - - - - - - One PPP Network Of Several Computers - - - Based on , it is - possible to provide an extended version including several - server computers that may communicate between themselves to - distribute data collected from client computers they serve to. - For example, consider the telephone network of a country which - is organized in provinces and each province is divided in - several municipalities. In such organization, it would be - possible to set one or more server computers for each province - and let near people to dial-up on them to use whatever - internet service they provide. Later, it could be possible - for each server computer to establish a dial-up connections - with other near server computers in order to share information - from one province to another, as it is illustrated in . - - - - When setting the IP information, it is important that each - server computer sets both IP address and IP network mask - information in the Modem device configuration file so - different IP address can be use between different server - computers. It is also important that they all be configured to - use authentication between themselves before transmitting any - data across a PPP established connection so the information - being transmitted can be protected. - - - - When making telephone calls, if someone in Province-A needs to - send a message to someone in Province-C (which is far away - from Province-A and making a telephone call there would imply - a considerable amount of money), there is no need (even it is - possible and sometimes prefered) for that person to realize a - direct telephone call from Province-A to Province-C. Instead, - that person in Province-A can send its messages to the server - computer on its province (the nearest server on its location) - making a local telephone call and then, such server computer - would take care of delivering the information using other - server computers, following the same concept of nearest - delivery. - - -
- One PPP network of several computers - - One PPP network of several computers - - - -Provice-A PPP Server Province-A PPP Client ---------------------------\ /-------------------------- -192.168.1.1/24 | Modem ~~~ TelephoneLine ~~~ Modem | 192.168.1.2/24 ---------------------------/ | \-------------------------- - | -Provice-B PPP Server | Province-B PPP Client ---------------------------\ | /-------------------------- -192.168.1.3/24 | Modem ~~~ TelephoneLine ~~~ Modem | 192.168.1.4/24 ---------------------------/ | \-------------------------- - | -Provice-C PPP Server | Province-C PPP Client ---------------------------\ | /-------------------------- -192.168.1.5/24 | Modem ~~~ TelephoneLine ~~~ Modem | 192.168.1.6/24 ---------------------------/ \-------------------------- - - - - -
- - - The more distant a telephone call is, the more expensive it - is. This way, to move information from one province to - another, each server computers must be configured to send - information to the nearest province until reaching its - destination. For example, if you are in Province-A and want to - send an e-mail message to Province-D, the server computer - configured in Province-A must sed the e-mail message to - Province-B, then server in Province-B must be configured to - send such message to Province-C, and finally C to D. This is - required because making a direct call from Province-A to - Province-D would be otherwise too much expensive to pay. - - - - Since telephone calls are required to establish connections - between computers and each call costs money based on the - location and the destination, it is required to set a - convenction in how telephone calls are realized from one - server computer to another, specially if you plan to establish - connection between server computer placed on different - provices in order to exchange data between them. - - - - - - Do you make direct telephone calls to make direct data delivery? - — This configuration could be very expensive to maintain - (considering the telephone call distances), but data will be - delivered very fast to their destinations. - - - - - Do you call the nearest server computer and let it to deliver - your data to its destination? — This configuration could - be less expensive to maintain (considering the telephone call - distances), but data delivery will take much more time to - reach their destinations and there is no way to be sure it - will do. - - - - - - - Whatever calling schema be chosen, the server computers will - always talk through UUCP to transfer data from one place to - another. The server computers will operate with two IP - addresses each, unless you plan to connect one of the server - computers to a different network (Internet, maybe?). One IP - address would identify the server computer itself and the - other would identify the client computer establishing PPP - connection to the server computer. In this configuration it - is very importat that each server and client computer does - have one unique IP address. This way it would be possible to - move the information from one computer to another. Notice that - the number of PPP clients is directly related to the number of - telephone lines a server computer has configured to receive - incomming calls on. If there is only one telephone line - attached to the server computer then, only one client computer - will be able to establish connection to that server computer. - Other PPP clients will need to wait until the telephone line - gets free in order to establish connection with that server - computer. On the other hand, if the server computer has two - (or more) attached telephone lines, it would be possible to - attend incoming calls from two (or more) PPP client at the - same time. As resume, we can say that: the more telephone - lines the server computer has attached in, the more - simultaneous connections that computer will be able to - attend/realize from/to other computers. - - - - - - One PPP+Ethernet Network Of Several Computers - - - Assuming all server computers with a Modem device have also - one (or more) Ethernet interface attached (which is very - common nowadays), it would be possible to extend the - configuration described in - creating one Ethernet network for each server computer in the - configuration. For this configuration to be implemented it is - required one or more switch devices (based on the amount of - computers such network needs to have) for each ethernet - network interface a server computer has, as described in . - - -
- One PPP+Ethernet network of several computers - - One PPP+Ethernet network of several computers - - - -Province-A PPP/ETH Server Province-A PPP Client ---------------------------\ /-------------------------- -192.168.1.1/24 | Modem ~~~ TelephoneLine ~~~ Modem | 192.168.1.2/24 ---------------------------/ | \-------------------------- -192.168.0.1/24 | Ethernet | ----------------------|---- | - | | - +--------+ | - | Switch | | - +--------+ | - | | ----------------------|-- | -LAN1: 192.168.0.2-254/24 | ------------------------- | -Province-A ETH Clients | - | -Province-B PPP/ETH Server | Province-B PPP Client ---------------------------\ | /-------------------------- -192.168.1.3/24 | Modem ~~~ TelephoneLine ~~~ Modem | 192.168.1.4/24 ---------------------------/ | \-------------------------- -192.168.2.1/24 | Ethernet | ----------------------|---- | - | | - +--------+ | - | Switch | | - +--------+ | - | | ----------------------|-- | -LAN2: 192.168.2.2-254/24 | ------------------------- | -Province-B ETH Clients | - | -Province-C PPP/ETH Server | Province-C PPP Client ---------------------------\ | /-------------------------- -192.168.1.5/24 | Modem ~~~ TelephoneLine ~~~ Modem | 192.168.1.6/24 ---------------------------/ \-------------------------- -192.168.3.1/24 | Ethernet ----------------------|---- - | - +--------+ - | Switch | - +--------+ - | ----------------------|-- -LAN3: 192.168.3.2-254/24 ------------------------- -Province-C ETH Clients - - - - -
- - - In this configuration, computers connected to the switch will - also be considered as client computers. It is necessary that a - coordination be implemented at time of setting IP addresses to - new server computers so no IP address be duplicated on the - computer network. The illustration above describes one main - network (192.168.1/24) which connects - all the server computers using the telephone lines as medium - for data transmission. The Modem interface connects just one - computer at a time either client or server (assuming only one - Modem device is installed and configured in - the computer acting as server). The telephone line is used by - client computers to establish PPP connections with the server - computer and by server computers to exchange data with other - server computers, as well. On the other hand, the ethernet - interface attached to each server computer let the - administrator of each server computer to connect up to 252 - computers simultaneously, assuming a class C network as shown - above be used. - - There are also class A and class B network types which can be - used to connect much more computers than a class C network - allows to. - - - - - - - - About Bridging Calls To Transfer Data - - - When the server computers call other server computers to - bridge data delivery, the server computer in, let's say, - Province-A (srv-1.a.domain.tld) will never know that there is - a server computer on Province-C (srv-1.c.domain.tld) or - Province-D (srv-1.d.domain.tld), but in Province-B - (srv-1.b.domain.tld) - only, its nearest location. So, when a message is sent from - srv-1.a.domain.tld to the server computer in - srv-1.d.domain.tld, the server computer in srv-1.a.domain.tld - contacts its nearest server computer (i.e., - srv-1.b.domain.tld) and delivers to it all messages sent to - srv-1.d.domain.tld. Later, since srv-1.b.domain.tld doesn't - know about srv-1.d.domain.tld server either, it delivers all - messages directed to srv-1.d.domain.tld to its nearest server - computer (i.e., srv-1.c.domain.tld). Later, the server - computer in srv-1.c.domain.tld, which knows about - srv-1.d.domain.tld, delivers to it all the messages it has for - it. Notice that, in order for this configuration to work, - system administrators attending the server computers must work - syncronized to garantee a well defined route for messages to - follow. Otherwise, if one of the server computers in the path - creates a route for a server computer that doesn't exist - (or doesn't define a route at all), the information will never - reach its destination when such computer is acting as a bridge - between other two server computers. - - - -+------------------------+ +------------------------+ +------------------------+ +---------------------+ -| To: bob@d.domain.tld | | To: bob@d.domain.tld | | To: bob@d.domain.tld | | Bob's mailbox | -| From: mat@a.domain.tld | | From: ana@b.domain.tld | | From: jef@c.domain.tld | | (Final destination) | -| Body: 500KB | | Body: 500KB | | Body: 500KB | | | -+---|--------------------+ +---|--------------------+ +---|--------------------+ +------------------^--+ - | | | | -----v--------------|<~~~~~~~~~>|---v----------------|<~~~~~~~~~>|---v----------------|<~~~~~~~~~>|------------------|--- -srv-1.a.domain.tld | 75Km Call | srv-1.b.domain.tld | 75Km Call | srv-1.c.domain.tld | 75Km Call | srv-1.d.domain.tld --------------------|<~~~~~~~~~>|--------------------|<~~~~~~~~~>|--------------------|<~~~~~~~~~>|---------------------- -relay to: | 5 min | relay to: | 10 min | relay to: | 15 min | -srv-1.b.domain.tld | 500KB | srv-1.c.domain.tld | 1.0MB | srv-1.d.domain.tld | 1.5MB | - - - - - About Directing Calls To Transfer Data - - - When the server computers make direct telephone calls (no - bridge in-between is used to transfer data), the server - computer in Province-A (srv-1.a.domain.tld) contacts the - server computer in Province-D (srv-1.d.domain.tld) making a - direct telephone call up to it. In this configuration, the - telephone call might cost more than those in a bridged - configuration where several smaller telephone calls are dialed - in-between the final server computer; or less, considering - that when server computers in a bridged configuration exchange - data they may move data accumulated from other server - computers, while a direct telephone call would transmit data - from one server computer to another without any accumulated - data from other server computers. There is no need to - overload the server computers with foreign data when each - server computer could call themselves to transfer data - directly. - - - -+------------------------+ +---------------------+ -| To: bob@d.domain.tld | | Bob's mailbox | -| From: mat@a.domain.tld | | (Final destination) | -| Body: 500KB | | | -+--|---------------------+ +------------------^--+ - | | ----v---------------------|<~~~~~~~~~~>|-------------------|--- -srv-1.a.domain.tld | 225Km Call | srv-1.d.domain.tld --------------------------|<~~~~~~~~~~>|----------------------- -relay to: | 5 min | -srv-1.d.domain.tld | 500KB | - - - - The elapsed time in a server-to-server conversation is - directly related to the amount of data that need to be moved - from one server to another and the baud rate of the connection - established between the two Modem devices. In a direct - telephone call configuration, telephone calls could result to - be less expensive than those in bridged configurations where - server computers may accumulate traffic from other server - computers in the path. The accumulation of traffic between - server computers increases the amount of time the last server - computer in the path before the final destination needs, in - order to transmit everything to the final destination. In a - bridged telephone call configuration, server computers acting - as bridges do act as servers as well and produce their own - traffic which is added to that one already accumulated in - them from other server computers. This may provoke a heugh - traffic in a server-to-server conversation (remarkably on the - last destination before the final destination), that could be - potentially increased with each new server computer added to - the string of server computers acting as bridges one another. - - - - - - About Authenticating PPP Users - - - The client computers will need to authenticate against the - server computer each time they intend to establish a PPP - connection. The username and password required by client - computers will be public and will be rarely changed. - - - - Credentials for PPP authentication - - Credentials for PPP authentication - - - - ISP Name: projects.centos.org -ISP Phone: +53043515094 - Username: faith - Password: mail4u.2k10 - - - - - - - - The server computer provides only one telephone line available - (e.g., +53043515094) to receive incoming calls. This affects - directly the possibilities a client computer has to establish - connection with the server computer in an environment where - several client computers are struggling among themselves to - establish a dial-up connection with the server computer. To - prevent this kind of issues from happening, it is innevitable - for the server computer to provide more telephone lines for - incoming calls (at least one for each user the server computer - expects to receive incoming calls from). - - - - - - About Restricting PPP Connections - - - The server computer restricts the lifetime of established - Modem connections to 15 minutes from the establishment moment - on. Once the connection has been established, if the link is - idle for 1 minute, the server computer will also close the - established connection to free the telephone line. This - control can be implemented through the - and options - inside the pppd's configuration - file as described in . - - - - The server computer restricts the incoming calls from client - computers every night from 10:00PM to 12:00AM. Outside this - range of time, the telephone could be answered by a person, - not a computer. This control can be implemented through a cron - job and the /etc/nologin.ttyxx file; - where ttyxx represents the device name of your Modem (e.g., - /etc/nologin.ttyACM0 would prevent the - Modem device installed in /dev/ttyACM0 - from answering calls). - - - -# Activate Modem to attend incoming calls. -59 21 * * * [ -f /etc/nologin.ttyACM0 ] && /bin/rm /etc/nologin.ttyACM0 -# Deactivate Modem to prevent incoming calls from being attended. -59 23 * * * [ ! -f /etc/nologin.ttyACM0 ] && /bin/touch /etc/nologin.ttyACM0 - - - - - - About Providing Internet Services - - - The implementation of internet services which require - persistent connections (e.g., - chats) should not be considered as - a practical offer for PPP client computers. Instead, only - asynchronous services (e.g., - e-mail) should be supported for - them. This restriction is required to reduce the connection - times demanded such services. For example, consider an - environment where you establish connection with a server - computer to send/receive e-mails messages and then quickly - disconnect from it to free the telephone line so others be - able of using it. In this environment, there is no need for - you and others to be both connected at the same time to - send/receive e-mail messages to/from each other. The e-mails - sent from other person to you will be available in your - mailbox the next time you get connected to the server computer - and use your e-mail client to send/receive e-mail messages. - Likewise, you don't need to be connected to the server - computer in order to write your e-mail messages. You can - write down your messages off-line and then establish - connection once you've finished writing, just to send them out - and receive new messages that could have been probably sent to - you. - - - - Another issue related to e-mail exchange is the protocol used - to receive messages. Presently, there are two popular ways to - do this, one is through IMAP and another through POP3. When - you use IMAP protocol, e-mail messages are retained in the - server computer and aren't downloaded to client computer. - Otherwise, when you use POP3 protocol, e-mail messages are - downloaded to the client computer and removed from server - computer. Based on the resources we have and the kind of link - used by the client computer to connect the server computer, - using POP3 is rather prefered than IMAP. However both are made - available. - - - - Assuming you use IMAP protocol to read your mailbox, be aware - that you need to be connected to the server computer. Once - the connection is lost you won't be able to read your messages - (unless your e-mail client possesses a feature that let you - reading messages off-line). Moreover, you run the risk of - getting your mailbox out of space. If your mailbox gets out of - space, new messages sent to you will not be deliver to your - mailbox. Instead, they will be deferred for a period of time - (e.g., about 5 days when using - Postfix defaults) hoping you to - free the space in your mailbox to deliver them. If you don't - free space on your mailbox within this period of time, the - deferred e-mails will be bounced back to their senders and you - will never see them. On the other hand, assuming you are - using POP3 protocol to read your mailbox, you always keep your - mailbox free to receive new e-mails messages and keep them for - you until the next time you establish connection with the - server computer and download them to your client computer - using your e-mail client. - - - - The information generated inside the server computer is - isolated from Internet. This way, any information generated - inside the server computer will be available only to people - connected to the same network the server computer is connected - to. For example, don't ever expect to send/receive e-mails - to/from Internet e-mail accounts like Gmail or Yahoo, nor - visiting web sites like Google or Wikipedia either. For - this to happen, an established connection must exist first - between the server computer you are establishing connection - through and the Internet network those services are available - in. Without that link, it is not possible to direct your - requests to those sites, nor receive any response from them. - - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/overview.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/overview.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index de2356f..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/overview.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ - - - Overview - - - This chapter describes how you can use the Point-to-Point - Protocol (PPP) to create collaborative networks in situations - where the telephone network is the only medium you and your - friends have access to. With PPP you can prepare a server - computer to provide internet services for client computers - that use the telephone network as medium for data transmition. - The configuration described here can be thought as one client - computer that establishes connection to a server computer in - order to use the internet services it provides, however, based - on this concept, other configuration are also possible to - satisfy situations where more than two computers need to be - involved. - - - - The operating system used by both server and client computers - will be &TCD; release 5.5 - - Thank to my friend Manual Chavez Manzano (Manny) for - finding a way to download this release of &TCD; and bring - it to me as a gift when I was completly isolated from - Internet without any possibility of downloading it by - myself. - - . The configuration described in this book doesn't - use third party software. All the software needed in this - configuration is available inside &TCD;. In case you are - using a different operating system in your client computer, - you'll need to look the appropriate application your operating - system provides to establish PPP connections and configure it - to establish connection with the server computer described in - . Generally, the - most you need to establish connection with the server computer - is a telephone number and the credentials for authentication, - if any. - - - - In this chapter you'll find how to configure your client - computer to dial-up the server computer automatically when - client applications (e.g., e-mail clients, web browsers, etc.) - request data transmition for the server computer at a moment - where no connection has been established with it, yet. Also, - this chapter covers different considerations you could take - into account to keep the telephone line as free as possible, - so different client computers be able of establishing - connection to the same server computer as quickly as possible. - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/policy.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/policy.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 5bcef6c..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/policy.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ - - - Usage Convenctions - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/server.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/server.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 57160e0..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Connectivity/Ppp/server.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,288 +0,0 @@ - - - The Server Computer - - - When you are configuring the server computer, you need to - install and configure both mgetty - and pppd programs. The - mgetty program lets you attend - incoming calls and must be configured to run through - init daemon in order - to take control over the Modem device. By default, inside - &TCD; (release 5.5), mgetty isn't - configured to start with init daemon so you need to do it - yourself (see ). - Later, for attending connection requests, you need to - configure mgetty to use the - pppd program, so the Point-to-Point - Protocol (PPP) can be talked and IP packages can be exchange - between the client computer and the server computer. Later, - you need to configure pppd to - adjust it to your needs (see ). Once - you've configured both mgetty and - pppd programs, the server computer - should be ready to attend incoming calls. - - - - <package>mgetty</package> - - Taken from mgetty man page: — Mgetty - is a smart getty replacement, designed to be - used with hayes compatible data and data/fax modems. Mgetty - knows about modem initialization, manual modem answering (so - your modem doesn’t answer if the machine isn’t ready), UUCP - locking (so you can use the same device for dial-in and - dial-out). Mgetty provides very extensive logging facilities - —. - - - Before using the configuration provided here, it would be - useful for you to read the documentation provided in the - mgetty and SysVinit - packages. This will let you to understand what you are - configuring. - - - - <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> - -# Run mgetty to control a Multi-Tech (MT5634ZBA-USB) modem attached to -# `/dev/ttyAMC0' device. Incoming calls will be attended without fax -# initalization. -ACM0:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -D ttyACM0 - - - - - <filename>/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config</filename> - -# Automatic PPP startup on receipt of LCP configure request (AutoPPP). -# mgetty has to be compiled with "-DAUTO_PPP" for this to work. -# Warning: Case is significant, AUTOPPP or autoppp won't work! -# Consult the "pppd" man page to find pppd options that work for you. -# -# NOTE: for *some* users, the "-detach" option has been necessary, -# for others, not at all. If your pppd doesn't die after hangup, try -# it. -# -# NOTE2: "debug" creates lots of debugging info. LOOK AT IT if -# things do not work out of the box, most likely it's a ppp problem! -# -# NOTE3: "man pppd" is your friend! -# -# NOTE4: max. 9 arguments allowed. -# -#/AutoPPP/ - a_ppp /usr/sbin/pppd auth -chap +pap login debug -/AutoPPP/ - a_ppp /usr/sbin/pppd 192.168.1.1:192.168.1.2 - - - - In this configuration, we set both local and remote IP - addresses to fix the IP information used by computers once the - PPP connection has been established. All other options are - taken from the options file (see ). If we - don't specify both local and remote IP addresses when pppd is - initialized, pppd will try to take such information from the - first Modem device you configured (e.g., ppp0) and will expect - the remote peer to provide its IP address. This situation can - introduce some contraditions (e.g., the local and remote - address may be on a different network.) that would make the - connection to fail. - - - - Another issue we might face out would be the netmask - specification of the poin-to-point network established between - the two computers. Inside the pppd-2.4.4 man page there is no - reference to the option, however, - there is a mention to it on the sample files installed with it - which is quiet confussing. It seems to be required that one of - the two computers establishing connection defines the netmask - information of the network they are creating. So, to do it on - the server computer (the one receiving calls), it is needed to - set the netmask definition in the Modem device configuration - file of it () along with the local IP address. Otherwise, even local and - remote IP addresses be specified through the pppd, the - connection will end up having the 255.255.255.255 netmask - which would let you ping the computer on the other end but - that will not last too long before it fails and iptables seems - to get very confused about it. - - - - Since we are already using pppd to attend login requests, - there is no need to invoke the - login program. So, comment the - related line as described below. - - - -#* - - /bin/login @ - - - - - - <filename>/etc/mgetty+sendfax/dialin.config</filename> - - I didn't touch this file, but you might need to. - - - - - <filename>/etc/mgetty+sendfax/mgetty.config</filename> - - I didn't touch this file, but you might need to. - - - - - - - <package>pppd</package> - - Taken from pppd man page: — PPP is the protocol used for - establishing internet links over dial-up modems, DSL - connections, and many other types of point-to-point links. - The pppd daemon works together with the kernel PPP driver to - establish and maintain a PPP link with another system (called - the peer) and to negotiate Internet Protocol (IP) addresses - for each end of the link. Pppd can also authenticate the peer - and/or supply authentication information to the peer. PPP can - be used with other network protocols besides IP, but such use - is becoming increasingly rare —. - - - - Before using the configuration provided here, it would be - useful for you to read the documentation provided in the - ppp package. This will let you to - understand what you are configuring. - - - - <filename>/etc/pppd/options</filename> - -# Enables connection debugging facilities. If this option is given, -# pppd will log the contents of all control packets sent or received -# in a readable form. The packets are logged through syslog with -# facility daemon and level debug. This information can be directed -# to a file by setting up /etc/syslog.conf appropriately (see -# syslog.conf(5)). -debug - -# Require the peer to authenticate itself before allowing network -# packets to be sent or received. This option is the default if the -# system has a default route. If neither this option nor the noauth -# option is specified, pppd will only allow the peer to use IP -# addresses to which the system does not already have a route. -auth - -# Specifies that pppd should create a UUCP-style lock file for the -# serial device to ensure exclusive access to the device. By default, -# pppd will not create a lock file. -lock - -# Specify which DNS Servers the incoming Win95 or WinNT Connection -# should use Two Servers can be remotely configured. -ms-dns 192.168.1.1 - -# If this option is given, pppd will send an LCP echo-request frame to -# the peer every n seconds. Under Linux, the echo-request is sent when -# no packets have been received from the peer for n seconds. Normally -# the peer should respond to the echo-request by sending an -# echo-reply. This option can be used with the lcp-echo-failure -# option to detect that the peer is no longer connected. -lcp-echo-interval 30 - -# If this option is given, pppd will presume the peer to be dead if n -# LCP echo-requests are sent without receiving a valid LCP echo-reply. -# If this happens, pppd will terminate the connection. Use of this -# option requires a non-zero value for the lcp-echo-interval -# parameter. This option can be used to enable pppd to terminate -# after the physical connection has been broken (e.g., the modem has -# hung up) in situations where no hardware modem control lines are -# available. -lcp-echo-failure 4 - -# Specifies that pppd should disconnect if the link is idle for n -# seconds. -idle 60 - -# Specifies that pppd should disconnect if the link have been active -# for n seconds. -maxconnect 900 - -# Disable the IPXCP and IPX protocols. -noipx - - - - - <filename>/etc/pppd/cha-secrets</filename> - -# Secrets for authentication using CHAP -# client server secret IP addresses - -# Specify the client configuration. This is when this manchine calls -# someone's else machine and tries to establish a point-to-point -# connection. Most of this configuration is handled by the -# `system-config-network' utility. -# -####### redhat-config-network will overwrite this part!!! (begin) ########## -####### redhat-config-network will overwrite this part!!! (end) ############ - -# Specify the server configuration. This is when someone's else -# machine calls this machine trying to establish a point-to-point -# connection. This part of the configuration isn't handled by -# `system-config-network' utility. By default, there is one line to -# verify client's identity with authenticating it and one line to let -# the server computer to authenticate itself with the client computer -# in case the client computer requires so. All client computers will -# be authenticated through the `faith' user. However, it is possible -# to provide anonymous authentication to client computers by using an -# empty client identity (as explained in pppd's man page) in order to -# restrict the IP address they can use. -# -"faith" "projects" "mail4u.2k10" "192.168.1.2" -#"" "projects" "" "192.168.1.2" -"projects" * "mail4u.2k10" - - - - Assuming the hostname of the server computer is - projects, when a client computer uses the faith - username to login on it, the 192.168.1.2 IP address will be - assigned to that client computer after a successful - authentication. This configuration is just for one Modem - device attached to the server computer. In case you have more - than one Modem device attached to the server computer, it - would be necessary to add one username for each Modem device - you have, in order to permit the client computers to connect - simultaneously. It is not possible to have two or more - computers with the same IP address in the same network. - - - - - - <filename>/etc/pppd/pap-secrets</filename> - - This file contains the same information of - cha-secrets file does. See . - - - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses.docbook deleted file mode 100755 index bcb5cec..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ - - - Licenses - - &licenses-gfdl; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses.ent b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses.ent deleted file mode 100755 index dd7f27a..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses.ent +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses/gfdl.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses/gfdl.docbook deleted file mode 100755 index 33f6e8c..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Licenses/gfdl.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,591 +0,0 @@ - - - GNU Free Documentation License - - Version 1.2, November 2002 - - Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, - Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA - - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies - of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. - - - - Preamble - - The purpose of this License is to make a manual, - textbook, or other functional and useful document - free in the sense of freedom: to assure - everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, - with or without modifying it, either commercially or - noncommercially. 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A copy of the license is included in the -section entitled GNU Free Documentation License. - - - If you have , - Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the - with...Texts. line with this: - - -with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the -Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being -LIST. - - - If you have - without , or some other - combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit - the situation. - - If your document contains nontrivial examples of program - code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under - your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General - Public License, to permit their use in free software. - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface.docbook deleted file mode 100755 index 3291a2b..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ - - - Preface - - - Welcome to &TCPIUG;. - - - - This book describes how you can configure &TCD; to use the - telephone network as physical medium for data transmission - using computers, so you can create your own collaborative - networks to share information with your friends in freedom. - - - - To implement the configuration described in this book, you - need two or more computers connected to the telephone network - of your country by mean of modem devices. Optionally, you - could use Ethernet devices (e.g., switches) to create local - area networks (LANs) on both ends of each connection - established over the telephone network for sharing information - between them. For example, consider an infrastructure where - you have one LAN for each province in your country and then, - each of these LANs is connected one another to share - information between them using the country's telephone - network. This infrastructure would be as expensive as - telephone calls and consume of electrical power required by - computers and communication devices would be. - - - - To make the information of this book managable, it has been - organized in the following parts: - - - - - - describes how to configure - server and client computers to transfer IP packages through - the telephone network. This is the first step you need to - setup in order to use the internet services described in . - - - - - describes how to configure server - and client computers to exchange information using internet - services over the telephone network. Once you complete this - part of the book, your collaborative network should be ready - for production. - - - - - describes the lincense documents - mentioned in this book so you can know what you can and cannot - do with the information provided in this book. - - - - - &preface-overview; - &preface-docconvs; - &preface-feedback; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface.ent b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface.ent deleted file mode 100755 index 263be1d..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface.ent +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/docconvs.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/docconvs.docbook deleted file mode 100755 index 1c2da7b..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/docconvs.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -
- - Document Convenctions - - - In this manual, certain words are represented in different - fonts, typefaces, sizes, and weights. This highlighting is - systematic; different words are represented in the same style - to indicate their inclusion in a specific category. The types - of words that are represented this way include the - following: - - - - - - ... - - - - - - Additionally, we use several different strategies to draw your - attention to certain pieces of information. In order of - urgency, these items are marked as a note, tip, important, - caution, or warning. For example: - - - - - Remember that Linux is case sensitive. In other words, a - rose is not a ROSE is not a rOsE. - - - - - - The directory /usr/share/doc/ contains - additional documentation for packages installed on your - system. - - - - - - If you modify the DHCP configuration file, the changes do - not take effect until you restart the DHCP daemon. - - - - - - Do not perform routine tasks as root — use a regular - user account unless you need to use the root account for - system administration tasks. - - - - - - Be careful to remove only the necessary partitions. - Removing other partitions could result in data loss or a - corrupted system environment. - - - -
diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/feedback.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/feedback.docbook deleted file mode 100755 index c532212..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/feedback.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -
- - Send In Your Feedback - - - If you find a bug in this manual, we would like to hear about - it. To report bugs related to this manual, send an e-mail to - the docs@projects.centos.org mailing list - specifying the manual name, the section where you found the - bug, why you considered it a bug and anything that help us to - identify where the problem is exactly. - - -
diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/overview.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/overview.docbook deleted file mode 100755 index 027aef8..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Preface/overview.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,399 +0,0 @@ -
- - Overview - - - Since 1999, I've been working for cuban State as Webmaster and - lately as system administrator. On April 2009, I decided to - stop working for cuban State due the increasing feeling of - repression I experimented with the restrictions impossed by - cuban State in the information area when I tried to find an - alternative way to express myself different from what such - restrictions impossed. This environment made me find that the - cuban political system lacks of such independent alternatives - for cubans to use. I don't pretend to use this book to detail - the political system I live on, but I do want to say that the - more I got involved with the cuban political system the more - distance I felt between the most pure of myself and the - actions the system expected from me to do as system - administrator, and what could be an alternative way for cubans - inside the island that, like me, feel the same need of - independent expression. - - - - Everything in the human life is directly related to - information. Our actions are based on the information we have. - The information is the base of education and evolution. It is - the only way we can know how to do the right thing for us and - others. I beleive that, in order to provide a good education, - the universal information must be accessable to everyone in a - transparent way, based on facts and without any manipulation - (i.e., in way others can reproduce or verify what the - information refers to). That kind of information is good - information to based our lives on. However, there are also bad - information that we need to differentiate from good - information using our own conscience, not that one from - others. I like the idea of structuring my life over pragmatic - fatcs that I can verify together with a deep faith on what I - am that help me to persist along the duty. The pragmatic fatcs - provides the steps of the stair of my life and the faith, the - force my body needs to climb up the stair. - - - - The years I worked for cuban State coincided with those years - I began to realized myself about the steps of my stair and the - faith on my movements. Lot of contradictions have been - appearing in front of me since then, but a magical thing - inside me (conscience) always tell me not to abandon the must - pure of my self and keep going with this travel I'm still - walking on; even when moving up one step in the stair feels - like rasping the skin of my body against a rough wall. I know - it will heal, but it hurts when happens. The only way to - support the pain is to have faith on the rightness of your - actions. That's the price of don't loosing oneself when - walking over pragmatic facts in a confussed and unarmed - society. That's the price of showing out that truth is inside - us, not outside us. It is the way of showing the truth is in - the one's faith, no matter what it be, but in feeling it - somehow, specially when it comes from understanding what we - are and the immense gift it is to have conscience of our - univeral existence as part of that unknown nature we, as - living humans, cannot ever have conscience of. - - - - I've experimented faith in free software and the philosophy - behind it by mean of &TCP;, but no possible way to manifest it - independently from cuban State. The cuban State controls all - the communication media and very few possibilities are - available for cubans to build up independent collaborative - networks using computers inside the island for sharing - information apart from cuban State restrictions and - conditions. One of these possibilities is the telepohne - network the cuban State provides, which has national scope. - Generally, cubans use the telephone network to talk among - themselves, but it is also possible to use this network to - transmit information that cannot be communicated using the - regular method of human talking. It is possible to attach - computers to the telephone network the cuban State provides to - transmit whatever information a computer can produce (e.g., - images, documents, programs, etc.) from one location in the - island to another and encrypting the information traveling - along the wire to garantee its privacy (e.g., the source - computer protects the information in a way that only the - target computer is able to unprotect. If the information is - intercepted by a computer located in the transmission middle, - it would be useless for that computer since only the target - can use it once it has been unprotected). We'll see more about - this later. - - - - In these last years (2009-2011), the cuban State has shown - signs to start using free software with the idea of - reaching a technological independency which is - quiet contradictory to me. What independency we are talking - about here? Independency for whom, and from whom? Based on - the meaning of the word, independency is the lack of any - dependency, so the only way I see the cuban State will be able - to reach such technological independency would be creating and - maintaining an entire technological infrastructure (e.g., - computers, communication devices, operating systems written - from scratch, etc.) inside its political boundaries without - any intervention from the outside world. Otherwise, the cuban - State would be inevitably dependent from someone else that can - differ at some point of the production string and that would - be something unacceptable, because it would compromise the - idea the cuban State had about independency in first place - (i.e., no dependency). - - - - If the vision described above about what the cuban State tries - to mean by reaching a technological - independency sounds appropriate to you, the cuban - State is misunderstanding or trying to distort the real - meaning of free software and the philosophy behind it. The - free software is built from people and dedicated to people who - might be in need of it, with the hope of being useful and - garantee the freedom of computer users paying or not a - monetary price for it. The cuban State, on the other hand, - introduces free software at convenience because there are - entire operating systems free of charge which the cuban State - can study and change as needed, not in the sense of - guaranteeing the freedom it provides to people, but as a way - to control what software does cubans use and the way they do - that. It is another impositions cubans should comply with, no - matter what they think about it. - - When I was working in the health sector of cuban State - (2003-2007), my superior told me once that I couldn't keep - using &TCD; on servers any longer, because system - administrators at central level stopped using Red Hat - related distribution and started to use Debian. I don't - want to enter in a debate why one or another distribution, - that's not the point. But I do want to mention that this - decision shouldn't be taken from one day to another - without any consideration about all the time people spent - studying (and working for) one specific GNU/Linux - distribution. My opinion was rejected and they kept - themselves showing me that it was a matter of politics one - should follow, no matter what one thought about it. I - couldn't accept that and fired up myself from that - institution. I cannot change from one operating system to - another just because someone else wants to. - - Some people might think that there is no problem - in that because it is free software anyway. Yes, that's true, - but think that again: Shouldn't you have the freedom to decide - what free software to use, and also what community you join - to? No one must impose you anything about which social - community you participate in, that is a decision you need to - take by yourself, not from someone else. - - - - The free software isn't free because of its name, but the - legal, social, economical and political environment it is used - in. If licenses used by software producers to release their - works (either freely or privatively) aren't protected somehow - in that environment, software producers wont be motivated to - create any software at all (either free or privative). - Consider what is happening in Cuba with Windows, the operating - system produced by Microsoft corporation: when someone install - the Windows operating system, one of the first screens in the - installation process is the License Agreement under which - Microsoft corporation releases its product. This agreement - relys on the copyright concept, a legal instrument that was - initially created to motivate authors to create more. - Likewise, the Free Software Foundation relys on the copyright - concept to distribute free software. The fact the License - Agreement of Windows operating system isn't complied in Cuba - (e.g., no cuban pays Microsoft corporation for using its - operating system) as Microsoft imposses in its License - Agreement, is a clear sign of international copyright - violation, no matter if Cuba can or cannot establish - commercial treatments with Microsoft corporation because of - the Embargo impossed by United States of America against Cuba. - It is an ethical matter cubans need to comply with in order to - help reducing the tension against both nations by showing - respect for their creators and the way they expect their - products to be distributed world-wide. Personally, I don't - use Windows operating system since 2003 when I discovered the - free software philosophy, - - I want to thank my teacher Jesús Aneiros Sosa for - intructing me in the free software philosophy and for - leading the Linux User Group (LUG) of Cienfuegos during so - many years and transmiting the feeling of freedom. - - but I am worried about the legal issues cubans - might face when developing free software. For example, will - the cuban State treat the free software license in the same - way it treats privative software licenses? If the cuban State - has no legal regulation to protect the international copyright - concept (i.e., letting authors to publish their works the way - they want to and provide the legal protections needed to - deprive people from using those creations in a way different - from that one conceived by their authors), it would be very - difficult to truly motivate people to create free software (or - anything else) in Cuba. The main problem here is that you can - write free software, but what instrument you have to protect - it from others to make your code privative and forbbid you, - this way, from using further improvements over the code you - wrote yourself. - - - - It is important to remember that the free software movement - was initiated by Richard Stallman in the United States of - America, based on the legal system of that country, - specifically in the copyright concept being in force. In order - to use free software, in the sense of freedom thought by - Richard Stallman, it is required that a similar underlaying - legal system in matters of copyright concepts be present in - Cuba, or an agreement be complied among all countries (e.g., - The Berna Treatment) for this matters. I've heard that Cuba - signed The Berna Treatment, however what is happening with - Windows operating system gives the impression that cuban State - is not complying with the agreement it signed on there. For - cuban society to understand what free software and the - philosophy behind it really are, it is required to force a - strong concept of copyright in the cuban legislation, even - when some authors might want to deny the cuban State from - using the work they produce or use it under conditions the - cuban State doesn't agree with. It is required to give that - legal power to cuban authors, the people who create. I wonder - if the cuban State is ready for that; and if not, why? I - really would like to know in order to find a solution. - - - - Free software communities are the place where free software is - produced. There are international, national and local - communities grouped under the free software philosophy. In - Cuba, because all the communication media are controlled by - the cuban State and conceived to its own benefit, it is - difficult for anyone differing from cuban State to have access - to communication media where the free software communities - live in. I strongly beleive that for the free software - philosophy to touch the heart of cubans, all free software - communities must be accessable to cubans. However, while the - cuban State keeps itself being inbetween, controlling how the - cubans can or cannot integrate any specific way of living, - there will not be free software in Cuba, nor any freedom for - cubans to make use of. - - - - Another frequent topic mentioned by the cuban State - information media is the migration from privative software to - free software. The migration from privative software to free - software must be initiated from people's deepest comprehension - of what they are doing, not from impositions of another - inquestionable order everybody needs to comply with. So, - cubans need to feel what freedom is and express it in order to - perceive a deep impact of free software in cuban society. We - cannot pretend that cubans will use free software based on a - lie or a distorted idea about the freedom it provides, an idea - like that wont last much before it falls itself into pieces. - People need a way of identifying themselves apart from any - social or political system in order for them to be able of - decide whether or not to be part of one. - - - - It is impossible to truly defend freedom if one doesn't have - felt what it is. The cuban State never talks (at least - officially) about introducing free software for freeing the - cuban society from privative software. In fact, if you compare - the privative software and the way cuban State restricts the - information management, - - See resolution 129 emitted by cuban Ministerium of - Informatics and Telecommunications (MIT). - - you may find them very similar. The resolutions - emitted by cuban State are specific to statal instituions that - use computers to share information. I don't know of any legal - estipulation about using information and communication - technologies by nautural people outside the statal sector and, - spite of it, I've heard of cubans that has been called by the - cuban State security departament to explain why they built a - computer network in the neighbourhood to share information - (isn't that obvious) and finally they were intimidated to stop - doing so. There isn't a legal instrument in either direction - that one can use as pattern to act legally. The cuban State - has all the legal power to condemn you as cuban, but you are - completly unarmed against it. If the cuban State really wants - to be democratic, it needs to give to cubans the arms they - need to fight against it without fear of being defeated. - Indeed, there would be no defeating at all, but evolution into - new political states based on cubans needs. It is the majority - of cubans who should define how The Cuban Tree evolves, not a - few minority that opresses the unarmed masses. - - - - Internet access is another obscured issue inside Cuba. Around - 2008, Cuba and Venezuela signed up an agreement to connect - both nation with a trasatlantic fiber optic cable for high - speed Internet access. In 2011 the cuban State announced the - arrival of such cable to cuban national territory, but nothing - more has been mentioned since then. There is a terrible - silence about it that make people woundering what happend with - that millionary invertion. Some people ask themselves why to - spend so much money on that if cubans cannot make use of it - and others prefer to think that the entire project failed. It - is difficult to know what happend exactly because, again, - there isn't any alternative way of communication but those - provided and controlled by the cuban State. The fact is that, - at present time (2011), there isn't a legal way for cubans to - contract an Internet service at home, nor even a viable way to - acquire a fixed telephone line at home either. - - I know of people that have requested a fixed telephone - line for their home and more than three years have passed - and they haven't the line yet. It is also known by - everyone that others don't even have to make any request - to have a fixed telephone line at home. - However, the same isn't true for extrangers - coming from other countries who are visiting Cuba or staying - inhere as residents. The cuban State permits these persons to - access Internet paying a service in offices called Telepuntos - or from home using different fees. Some cubans cannot - understand this, nor the logic behind it either. Have cubans - to change their nationality in order to have Internt access - from their homes in Cuba? - - - - In Cuba there is only one telecommunication corporation named - ETECSA. This organization gives the impresion of being very - tied to cuban State and controlling everything related to - telephone networks and dedicated links for data transmistion - in the island. - - I heard of a case where someone tried to establish an - independent connection from Cuba to another country using - the air as phisical medium for data trasmission and that - person is pressently suffering years in a cuban prison - because the cuban State considered such action as illegal - actions. At this moment I haven't more information about - this case. It is very difficult to be accurate about such - things without an alternative information medium, apart - from those under cuban State control. - - Based on the fact that cuban telephone network is - the only communication medium most cubans have direct access - to, my attention is centered on it as phisical medium for - exchanging information using computers. It is important to - remark that, when using the telephone network as medium for - data transmission, there are limitations in the number of - simultaneous connections it is possible to phisically - establish between computers, it could be difficult to obtain - the Modem devices inside the island, and it could be too much - expencive to make international calls in order to exchange - information with public services available on different - networks outside Cuba's political boundaries. Besides all - these restrictions, the cuban telephone network has a national - scope that can be efficiently used by cubans inside the island - to share information using computers at a monetary cost of - national telephone calls and the electrical power consumed by - computers and communication devices (e.g., modems and - switches). - - - - I beleive that most of problems the cubans presently have are - caused by a lack of information we need to face in order to - understand what we are and where we are going to, in the sense - of an interdependent human being's society. To face the - information problem, it is needed to make available - independent ways for cubans to express themselves in freedom - and provide, this way, the base arguments needed to edificate - the solutions of those problems we face today. That's my goal - with this work: educating myself in the compromise of - providing an independent space for cubans to discuss and - coordinate how to create collaborative networks using the - cuban telephone network - - Considering that I and most cubans haven't access to - dedicated links or real IP addresses for data transmission - at present time. - - as phisical medium to transmit information using - computers in freedom. - - - - The motivation for this work was taken from the free software - philosophy exposed by Richard Stallman in his book - Free Sofware Free Society and my - personal experience from 2003 to 2009 as active member inside - &TCP; international community. - - -
diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 014d921..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ - - - Services - - &services-dns; - &services-mail; - &services-http; - &services-ldap; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services.ent b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services.ent deleted file mode 100644 index b76c2c0..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services.ent +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Dns.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Dns.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 78dd877..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Dns.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ - - - Domain Name Service - - - ... - - - &services-dns-overview; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Dns/overview.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Dns/overview.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 2f57c37..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Dns/overview.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ - - - Overview - - - ... - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Http.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Http.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index ce85a8b..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Http.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ - - - Web Service - - - ... - - - &services-http-overview; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Http/overview.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Http/overview.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 00335b6..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Http/overview.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ - - - Overview - - - ... - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Ldap.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Ldap.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index eba7579..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Ldap.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ - - - Directory Service - - - ... - - - &services-ldap-overview; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Ldap/overview.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Ldap/overview.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index f2af74e..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Ldap/overview.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ - - - Overview - - - ... - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 04a47d2..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ - - - Mail Service - - &services-mail-overview; - &services-mail-mta; - &services-mail-mda; - &services-mail-mua; - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mda.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mda.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 4b8971f..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mda.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ - - - Mail Delivery Agent - - - ... - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mta.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mta.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index eeabea3..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mta.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ - - - Mail Transfer Agent - - - ... - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mua.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mua.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 319d167..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/mua.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ - - - Mail User Agent - - - ... - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/overview.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/overview.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index b9693a6..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/overview.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ - - - Overview - - - The mail service provides the software required to let you - send/receive mail messages to/from others. The mail service is - supported by three basic components: the Mail Transfer Agent - (MTA), the Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) and the Mail User Agent - (MUA). The MTA is the program your mail client sends mail - messages to. The MDA, on the other hand, is the program your - mail client reads mail message from (i.e., this is the program - that lets you access your mailbox). The saslauthd daemon is - used by the MDA to authenticate user's credentials (e.g., the - information required to grant access to an specific mailbox) - and in some cases by the MTA to authenticate users before - sending mail to it. The MTA will listen on all network - interfaces it is attached to and will receive mail sent to - specific users inside specific domain names. - - - - Inside &TCD; there is support for different MTAs (e.g., - Sendmail, Postfix and Exim). By default, the - Sendmail program is used as mail - transfer agent, however, we want to use Postfix for our - configuration. This way, to use Postfix as default mail - transfer agent and not Sendmail, it is required to use the - alternatives command. This command will - present you a menu to chose between available mail transfer - agents installed in the system, so you can choose Posfix as - default option. Now that you've made Postfix the default mail - transfer agent, you can saftly remove the sendmail package to - avoid unused software to remain inside the computer. - - - - Inside &TCD; there is support for different MDA (e.g., Cyrus - IMPA and Dovecot). By default, the Dovecot program is used as - mail delivery agent (which doesn't require any intermediate - daemon for athentication), however, we want to use Cyrus IMAP - for our configuration (which does require an intermediate - daemon called saslauthd for authentication). - - - - Inside &TCD; there is support for different MUA (e.g., - Evolution, Thunderbird and Mutt). By default, the Evolution - program is used and we stay with it :). - - - - In this chapter we describe how to configure each one of these - components to let you send/receive e-mails to/from your - friends. - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/saslauthd.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/saslauthd.docbook deleted file mode 100644 index 4211a1b..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/Services/Mail/saslauthd.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ - - - Sasl Authentication Server - - - ... - - - diff --git a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/tcpi-ug.docbook b/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/tcpi-ug.docbook deleted file mode 100755 index a677227..0000000 --- a/Documentation/Models/Docbook/Tcpi-ug/tcpi-ug.docbook +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -%Commons.ent; -%Preface.ent; -%Connectivity.ent; -%Services.ent; -%Licenses.ent; -]> - - - - - The CentOS Project Infrastructure - User's Guide - - - - Alain - Reguera Delgado - - - - - 2011 - &TCP;. All rights reserved. - - - - - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify - this document under the terms of the GNU Free - Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version - published by the Free Software Foundation; with no - Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no - Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in - . - - - - - - 1.0 - Today - - Alain - Reguera Delgado - - - - Under development. - - - - - - - - - &preface; - - - &connectivity; - &services; - - - &licenses; - -