Blame Manuals/Userguide/Licenses/gpl.docbook

a11727
<appendix id="licenses-gpl" xreflabel="GNU General Public License"> 
e935c3
e935c3
    <title>GNU General Public License</title>
e935c3
e935c3
    <para>Version 2, June 1991</para>
e935c3
e935c3
    <para>Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
e935c3
    675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</para>
e935c3
903284
    <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
903284
    of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
e935c3
facc42
    <sect1 id="licenses-gpl-0" xreflabel="Preamble">
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <title>Preamble</title>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <para>The licenses for most software are designed to take away
ae0b00
    your freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General
ae0b00
    Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and
ae0b00
    change free software–to make sure the software is free for
ae0b00
    all its users.  This General Public License applies to most of the
ae0b00
    Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose
ae0b00
    authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation
ae0b00
    software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License
ae0b00
    instead.)  You can apply it to your programs, too.</para>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <para>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom,
ae0b00
    not price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure
ae0b00
    that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software
ae0b00
    (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source
ae0b00
    code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the
ae0b00
    software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you
ae0b00
    know you can do these things.</para>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <para>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that
ae0b00
    forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender
ae0b00
    the rights.  These restrictions translate to certain
ae0b00
    responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software,
ae0b00
    or if you modify it.</para>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <para>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program,
ae0b00
    whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the
ae0b00
    rights that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
ae0b00
    or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so
ae0b00
    they know their rights.</para>
ae0b00
facc42
    <para>We protect your rights with two steps:
facc42
    
facc42
    <orderedlist numeration="arabic">
facc42
        <listitem>
facc42
            <para>copyright the software, and</para> 
facc42
        </listitem>
facc42
        <listitem>
facc42
            <para>offer you this license which gives you legal
facc42
            permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the
facc42
            software.</para>
facc42
        </listitem>
facc42
    </orderedlist>
facc42
    </para>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <para>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
ae0b00
    certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for
ae0b00
    this free software.  If the software is modified by someone else
ae0b00
    and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have
ae0b00
    is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others
ae0b00
    will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.</para>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <para>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by
ae0b00
    software patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors
ae0b00
    of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in
ae0b00
    effect making the program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have
ae0b00
    made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free
ae0b00
    use or not licensed at all.</para>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    <para>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution
ae0b00
    and modification follow.</para> 
ae0b00
ae0b00
    </sect1>
ae0b00
facc42
    <sect1 id="licenses-gpl-1">
ae0b00
facc42
    <title>Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution and Modification</title>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-1" xreflabel="Section 1">
ae0b00
            
facc42
        <title>Section 1</title>
ae0b00
            
facc42
        <para>You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
facc42
        Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,
facc42
        provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on
facc42
        each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of
facc42
        warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
facc42
        License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
facc42
        recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with
facc42
        the Program.</para>
ae0b00
            
facc42
        <para>You may charge a fee for the physical act of
facc42
        transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
facc42
        protection in exchange for a fee.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
        </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-2" xreflabel="Section 2">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 2</title>
ae0b00
            
facc42
            <para>You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or
facc42
            any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
facc42
            Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
facc42
            work under the terms of 
facc42
            /> above, provided that you also meet all of these
ae0b00
            conditions:</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
ae0b00
            <listitem>
ae0b00
            <para>You must cause the modified files to carry prominent
ae0b00
            notices stating that you changed the files and the date of
ae0b00
            any change.</para>
ae0b00
            </listitem>
ae0b00
            <listitem>
ae0b00
            <para>You must cause any work that you distribute or
ae0b00
            publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived
ae0b00
            from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a
ae0b00
            whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of
ae0b00
            this License.</para>
ae0b00
            </listitem>
ae0b00
            <listitem>
ae0b00
            <para>If the modified program normally reads commands
ae0b00
            interactively when run, you must cause it, when started
ae0b00
            running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way,
ae0b00
            to print or display an announcement including an
ae0b00
            appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no
ae0b00
            warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and
ae0b00
            that users may redistribute the program under these
ae0b00
            conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of
ae0b00
            this License.  
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <note>
ae0b00
            <title>Exception</title>
ae0b00
            <para>
ae0b00
            If the Program itself is interactive but does not
ae0b00
            normally print such an announcement, your work based
ae0b00
            on the Program is not required to print an
ae0b00
            announcement.
ae0b00
            </para>
ae0b00
            </note>
ae0b00
            </para>
ae0b00
            </listitem>
ae0b00
            </orderedlist>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.
ae0b00
            If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
ae0b00
            Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
ae0b00
            works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not
ae0b00
            apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate
ae0b00
            works.  But when you distribute the same sections as part of a
ae0b00
            whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of
ae0b00
            the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
ae0b00
            for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each
ae0b00
            and every part regardless of who wrote it.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights
ae0b00
            or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather,
ae0b00
            the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
ae0b00
            derivative or collective works based on the Program.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on
ae0b00
            the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program)
ae0b00
            on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the
ae0b00
            other work under the scope of this License.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
        </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-3" xreflabel="Section 3">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 3</title>
ae0b00
            
facc42
            <para>You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work
facc42
            based on it, under <xref linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" />) in
facc42
            object code or executable form under the terms of 
facc42
            linkend="licenses-gpl-1-1" /> and 
facc42
            linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" /> above provided that you also
facc42
            do one of the following:
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
2fe73e
ae0b00
            <listitem>
2fe73e
                <para>
2fe73e
                    Accompany it with the complete corresponding
2fe73e
                    machine-readable source code, which must be
2fe73e
                    distributed under the terms of 
2fe73e
                    linkend="licenses-gpl-1-1" /> and 
2fe73e
                    linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" /> above on a medium
2fe73e
                    customarily used for software interchange;
2fe73e
                    or,
2fe73e
                </para>
ae0b00
            </listitem>
2fe73e
ae0b00
            <listitem>
2fe73e
                <para>
2fe73e
                    Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
2fe73e
                    least three years, to give any third party, for a
2fe73e
                    charge no more than your cost of physically
2fe73e
                    performing source distribution, a complete
2fe73e
                    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source
2fe73e
                    code, to be distributed under the terms of 
2fe73e
                    linkend="licenses-gpl-1-1" /> and 
2fe73e
                    linkend="licenses-gpl-1-2" /> above on a medium
2fe73e
                    customarily used for software interchange;
2fe73e
                    or,
2fe73e
                </para>
ae0b00
            </listitem>
2fe73e
2fe73e
            <listitem>
2fe73e
                <para>
2fe73e
                    Accompany it with the information you received as
2fe73e
                    to the offer to distribute corresponding source
2fe73e
                    code.  (This alternative is allowed only for
2fe73e
                    noncommercial distribution and only if you
2fe73e
                    received the program in object code or executable
2fe73e
                    form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection
2fe73e
                    b above.)
2fe73e
                </para>
2fe73e
            </listitem>
2fe73e
ae0b00
            </orderedlist>
ae0b00
            </para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the
ae0b00
            work for making modifications to it.  For an executable work,
ae0b00
            complete source code means all the source code for all modules it
ae0b00
            contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the
ae0b00
            scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
ae0b00
            executable.  However, as a special exception, the source code
ae0b00
            distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed
ae0b00
            (in either source or binary form) with the major components
ae0b00
            (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the
ae0b00
            executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
ae0b00
            executable.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>If distribution of executable or object code is made by
ae0b00
            offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering
ae0b00
            equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place
ae0b00
            counts as distribution of the source code, even though third
ae0b00
            parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object
ae0b00
            code.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
        </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-4" xreflabel="Section 4">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 4</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
ae0b00
            Program except as expressly provided under this License.  Any
ae0b00
            attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
ae0b00
            Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
ae0b00
            under this License.  However, parties who have received copies, or
ae0b00
            rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
ae0b00
            terminated so long as such parties remain in full
ae0b00
            compliance.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
        </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-5" xreflabel="Section 5">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 5</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>You are not required to accept this License, since you have
ae0b00
            not signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to
ae0b00
            modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These
ae0b00
            actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
ae0b00
            Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
ae0b00
            based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
ae0b00
            License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
ae0b00
            distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
        </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-6" xreflabel="Section 6">
ae0b00
       
ae0b00
            <title>Section 6</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on
ae0b00
            the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from
ae0b00
            the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program
ae0b00
            subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any
ae0b00
            further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
ae0b00
            granted herein.  You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
ae0b00
            by third parties to this License.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
       </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-7" xreflabel="Section 7">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 7</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of
ae0b00
            patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
ae0b00
            issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
ae0b00
            agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
ae0b00
            License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
ae0b00
            License.  If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
ae0b00
            your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
ae0b00
            obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
ae0b00
            Program at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit
ae0b00
            royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
ae0b00
            receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only
ae0b00
            way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
ae0b00
            entirely from distribution of the Program.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>If any portion of this section is held invalid or
ae0b00
            unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of
ae0b00
            the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is
ae0b00
            intended to apply in other circumstances.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
ae0b00
            infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest
ae0b00
            validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of
ae0b00
            protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system,
ae0b00
            which is implemented by public license practices.  Many people
ae0b00
            have made generous contributions to the wide range of software
ae0b00
            distributed through that system in reliance on consistent
ae0b00
            application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide
ae0b00
            if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other
ae0b00
            system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is
ae0b00
            believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
        </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-8" xreflabel="Section 8">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 8</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted
ae0b00
            in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted
ae0b00
            interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program
ae0b00
            under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution
ae0b00
            limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is
ae0b00
            permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such
ae0b00
            case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in
ae0b00
            the body of this License.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
       </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-9" xreflabel="Section 9">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 9</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
ae0b00
            versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such
ae0b00
            new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
ae0b00
            may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If
ae0b00
            the Program specifies a version number of this License which
ae0b00
            applies to it and <quote>any later version</quote>, you have the
ae0b00
            option of following the terms and conditions either of that
ae0b00
            version or of any later version published by the Free Software
ae0b00
            Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
ae0b00
            this License, you may choose any version ever published by the
ae0b00
            Free Software Foundation.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
       </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-10" xreflabel="Section 10">
ae0b00
ae0b00
       <title>Section 10</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other
ae0b00
            free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write
ae0b00
            to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is
ae0b00
            copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
ae0b00
            Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our
ae0b00
            decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free
ae0b00
            status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting
ae0b00
            the sharing and reuse of software generally.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
       </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
        <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-11" xreflabel="NO WARRANTY">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
       <title>NO WARRANTY</title>
ae0b00
       <subtitle>Section 11</subtitle>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
ae0b00
            WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
ae0b00
            LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
ae0b00
            HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM <quote>AS IS</quote> WITHOUT
ae0b00
            WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT
ae0b00
            NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
ae0b00
            FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
ae0b00
            QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
ae0b00
            PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
ae0b00
            SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
       </sect2>
ae0b00
facc42
       <sect2 id="licenses-gpl-1-12" xreflabel="Section 12">
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <title>Section 12</title>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO
ae0b00
            IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
ae0b00
            MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
ae0b00
            LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
ae0b00
            INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
ae0b00
            INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
ae0b00
            DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
ae0b00
            OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
ae0b00
            OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ae0b00
            ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
            <para><emphasis>End of Terms and Conditions.</emphasis></para>
ae0b00
            
ae0b00
        </sect2>
ae0b00
ae0b00
    </sect1>
ae0b00
    
facc42
    <sect1 id="licenses-gpl-2" xreflabel="How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs">
ae0b00
    
ae0b00
        <title>How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</title>
ae0b00
    
ae0b00
        <para>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of
ae0b00
        the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to
ae0b00
        achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can
ae0b00
        redistribute and change under these terms.</para>
ae0b00
        
ae0b00
        <para>To do so, attach the following notices to the program.
ae0b00
        It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file
ae0b00
        to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each
ae0b00
        file should have at least the <quote>copyright</quote> line
ae0b00
        and a pointer to where the full notice is found.</para>
ae0b00
        
c3d23b
<programlisting>
c3d23b
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
c3d23b
Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>
ae0b00
    
c3d23b
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
c3d23b
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
c3d23b
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
c3d23b
(at your option) any later version.
ae0b00
    
c3d23b
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
c3d23b
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
c3d23b
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
c3d23b
GNU General Public License for more details.
ae0b00
    
c3d23b
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
c3d23b
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
c3d23b
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
c3d23b
</programlisting>
ae0b00
        
ae0b00
        <para>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic
ae0b00
        and paper mail.</para>
ae0b00
        
ae0b00
        <para>If the program is interactive, make it output a short
ae0b00
        notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:</para>
ae0b00
        
c3d23b
<programlisting>
c3d23b
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
c3d23b
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
c3d23b
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
c3d23b
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
c3d23b
</programlisting>
ae0b00
        
ae0b00
        <para>The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should
ae0b00
        show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of
ae0b00
        course, the commands you use may be called something other
ae0b00
        than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or
ae0b00
        menu items–whatever suits your program.</para>
ae0b00
        
ae0b00
        <para>You should also get your employer (if you work as a
ae0b00
        programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a <quote>copyright
ae0b00
        disclaimer</quote> for the program, if necessary.  Here is a
ae0b00
        sample; alter the names:</para>
ae0b00
        
c3d23b
<programlisting>
c3d23b
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
c3d23b
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
ae0b00
        
c3d23b
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
c3d23b
Ty Coon, President of Vice
c3d23b
</programlisting>
ae0b00
        
ae0b00
        <para>This General Public License does not permit
ae0b00
        incorporating your program into proprietary programs.  If your
ae0b00
        program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more
ae0b00
        useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
ae0b00
        library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library
ae0b00
        General Public License instead of this License.</para>
ae0b00
    
ae0b00
    </sect1>
e935c3
e935c3
</appendix>