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<appendix id="licenses-gfdl" xreflabel="GNU Free Documentation License">
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    <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
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    <para>Version 1.2, November 2002</para>
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    <para>Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,
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    Inc.  675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</para>
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    <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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    of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-1" xreflabel="Preamble">
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        <title>Preamble</title>
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        <para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual,
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        textbook, or other functional and useful document
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        <quote>free</quote> in the sense of freedom: to assure
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        everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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        with or without modifying it, either commercially or
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        noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
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        author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while
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        not being considered responsible for modifications made by
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        others.</para>
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        <para>This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which
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        means that derivative works of the document must themselves be
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        free in the same sense.  It complements the 
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        linkend="licenses-gfdl" />, which is a copyleft license
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        designed for free software.</para>
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        <para>We have designed this License in order to use it for
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        manuals for free software, because free software needs free
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        documentation: a free program should come with manuals
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        providing the same freedoms that the software does.  But this
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        License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
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        any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it
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        is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
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        principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
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        reference.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-2" xreflabel="Applicability and definitions">
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        <title>Applicability and definitions</title>
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        <para>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any
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        medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
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        saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.
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        Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license,
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        unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions
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        stated herein.  The <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to
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        any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
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        licensee, and is addressed as <quote>you</quote>.  You accept
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        the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
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        way requiring permission under copyright law.</para>
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        <para id="modified-version" xreflabel="Modified Version">A
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        <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
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        containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
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        verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
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        language.</para>
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        <para id="secondary-section" xreflabel="Secondary Section">A
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        <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
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        front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively
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        with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
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        Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
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        matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
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        that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
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        textbook of mathematics, a 
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        /> may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be
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        a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
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        related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
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        ethical or political position regarding them.</para>
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        Sections">The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain
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        <xref linkend="secondary-section" /> whose titles are
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        designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
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        notice that says that the Document is released under this
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        License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of
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        Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as
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        Invariant.  The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.
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        If the Document does not identify any Invariant Section then
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        there are none.</para>
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        <para id="cover-texts" xreflabel="Cover Texts">The
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        <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of text
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        that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in
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        the notice that says that the Document is released under this
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        License.  A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a
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        Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.</para>
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        <para id="transparent" xreflabel="Transparent">A
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        <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the Document means a
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        machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
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        specification is available to the general public, that is
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        suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
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        generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels)
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        generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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        drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
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        formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
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        formats suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in
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        an otherwise <xref linkend="transparent" /> file format whose
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        markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or
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        discourage subsequent modification by readers is not 
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        linkend="transparent" />.  An image format is not 
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        linkend="transparent" /> if used for any substantial amount of
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        text.  A copy that is not <quote>
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        /></quote> is called <quote>Opaque</quote>.</para>
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        <para>Examples of suitable formats for <xref linkend="transparent" /> copies
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        include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format,
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        LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
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        DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF
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        designed for human modification.  Examples of transparent
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        image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
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        include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
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        by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
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        and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
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        machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some
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        word processors for output purposes only.</para>
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        <para id="title-page" xreflabel="Title Page">The <quote>Title
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        Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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        plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
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        material this License requires to appear in the title page.
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        For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
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        <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the most
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        prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
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        beginning of the body of the text.</para>
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        <para>A section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> means a named
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        subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or
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        contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ
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        in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
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        name mentioned below, such as <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
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        <quote>Dedications</quote>, <quote>Endorsements</quote>, or
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        <quote>History</quote>.) To <quote>Preserve the Title</quote>
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        of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
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        remains a section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> according to
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        this definition.</para>
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        <para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to
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        the notice which states that this License applies to the
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        Document.  These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be
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        included by reference in this License, but only as regards
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        disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
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        Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
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        meaning of this License.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-3" xreflabel="Verbatim copying">
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        <title>Verbatim copying</title>
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        <para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
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        either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
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        License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying
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        this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all
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        copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
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        those of this License.  You may not use technical measures to
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        obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
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        copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
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        compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a
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        large enough number of copies you must also follow the
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        conditions in section 
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        />.</para>
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        <para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions
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        stated above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-4" xreflabel="Copying in quantity">
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        <title>Copying in quantity</title>
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        <para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
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        commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more
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        than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover
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        Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
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        clearly and legibly, all these <xref linkend="cover-texts" />:
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        Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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        the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly
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        identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The front
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        cover must present the full title with all words of the title
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        equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on
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        the covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the
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        covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
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        satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
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        in other respects.</para>
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        <para>If the required texts for either cover are too
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        voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones
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        listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and
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        continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
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        <para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the
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        Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a
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        machine-readable <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy along with each Opaque copy,
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        or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
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        location from which the general network-using public has
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        access to download using public-standard network protocols a
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        complete <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, free of added
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        material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
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        reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of
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        Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this <xref linkend="transparent" />
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        copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
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        at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
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        copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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        edition to the public.</para>
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        <para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
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        authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
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        number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
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        updated version of the Document.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-5" xreflabel="Modification">
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        <title>Modifications</title>
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        <para>You may copy and distribute a 
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        linkend="modified-version" /> of the Document under the
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        conditions of sections 
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        /> and <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> above,
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        provided that you release the 
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        /> under precisely this License, with the 
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        linkend="modified-version" /> filling the role of the
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        Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
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        <xref linkend="modified-version" /> to whoever possesses a
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        copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the
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        <xref linkend="modified-version" />:
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        <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Use in the <xref linkend="title-page" /> (and on
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                the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
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                Document, and from those of previous versions (which
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                should, if there were any, be listed in the History
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                section of the Document).  You may use the same title
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                as a previous version if the original publisher of
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                that version gives permission.</para> </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>List on the <xref linkend="title-page" />, as
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                authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
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                for authorship of the modifications in the 
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                linkend="modified-version" />, together with at least
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                five of the principal authors of the Document (all of
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                its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
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                unless they release you from this requirement.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>State on the <xref linkend="title-page" /> the
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                name of the publisher of the 
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                linkend="modified-version" />, as the
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                publisher.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve all the copyright notices of the
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                Document.</para>
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            </listitem>
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ae0b00
            <listitem>
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                <para>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
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                modifications adjacent to the other copyright
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                notices.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Include, immediately after the copyright
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                notices, a license notice giving the public permission
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                to use the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> under the terms of this
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                License, in the form shown in the Addendum
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                below.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve in that license notice the full lists
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                of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> and required
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                <xref linkend="cover-texts" /> given in the Document's
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                license notice.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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              <para>Preserve the section Entitled
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              <quote>History</quote>, Preserve its Title, and add to
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              it an item stating at least the title, year, new
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              authors, and publisher of the 
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              linkend="modified-version" /> as given on the 
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              linkend="title-page" />.  If there is no section
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              Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the Document, create
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              one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of
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              the Document as given on its 
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              />, then add an item describing the 
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              linkend="modified-version" /> as stated in the previous
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              sentence.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve the network location, if any, given in
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                the Document for public access to a 
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                linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, and
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                likewise the network locations given in the Document
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                for previous versions it was based on.  These may be
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                placed in the <quote>History</quote> section.  You may
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                omit a network location for a work that was published
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                at least four years before the Document itself, or if
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                the original publisher of the version it refers to
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                gives permission.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>For any section Entitled
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                <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
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                <quote>Dedications</quote>, Preserve the Title of the
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                section, and preserve in the section all the substance
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                and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
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                and/or dedications given therein.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve all the 
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                linkend="invariant-sections" /> of the Document,
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                unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section
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                numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of
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                the section titles.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Delete any section Entitled
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                <quote>Endorsements</quote>.  Such a section may not
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                be included in the <xref linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Do not retitle any existing section to be
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                Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in
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                title with any 
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                />.</para> </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
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            </listitem>
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        </orderedlist>
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        </para>
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        <para>If the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> includes new
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        front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as 
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        linkend="secondary-section" /> and contain no material copied
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        from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
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        all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
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        titles to the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> in the 
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        linkend="modified-version" />'s license notice.  These titles
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        must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
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        <para>You may add a section Entitled
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        <quote>Endorsements</quote>, provided it contains nothing but
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        endorsements of your <xref linkend="modified-version" /> by various
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        parties–for example, statements of peer review or that
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        the text has been approved by an organization as the
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        authoritative definition of a standard.</para>
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        <para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a
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        Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a
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        Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of 
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        linkend="cover-texts"/> in the 
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        linkend="modified-version" />.  Only one passage of
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        Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by
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        (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the
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        Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
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        previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
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        entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
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        but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from
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        the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
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        <para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
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        this License give permission to use their names for publicity
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        for or to assert or imply endorsement of any 
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        linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-6" xreflabel="Combining documents">
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        <title>Combining documents</title>
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        <para>You may combine the Document with other documents
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        released under this License, under the terms defined in
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        section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" /> above for
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        modified versions, provided that you include in the
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        combination all of the <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of
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        all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all
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        as <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of your combined work
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        in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
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        Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
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        <para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
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        License, and multiple identical 
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        linkend="invariant-sections"/> may be replaced with a single
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        copy.  If there are multiple 
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        linkend="invariant-sections" /> with the same name but
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        different contents, make the title of each such section unique
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        by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
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        original author or publisher of that section if known, or else
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        a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section
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        titles in the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> in
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        the license notice of the combined work.</para>
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        <para>In the combination, you must combine any sections
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        Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the various original
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        documents, forming one section Entitled
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        <quote>History</quote>; likewise combine any sections Entitled
ae0b00
        <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, and any sections Entitled
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        <quote>Dedications</quote>.  You must delete all sections
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        Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-7" xreflabel="Collection of documents">
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        <title>Collection of documents</title>
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        <para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
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        other documents released under this License, and replace the
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        individual copies of this License in the various documents
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        with a single copy that is included in the collection,
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        provided that you follow the rules of this License for
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        verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
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        respects.</para>
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        <para>You may extract a single document from such a
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        collection, and distribute it individually under this License,
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        provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
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        document, and follow this License in all other respects
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        regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-8" xreflabel="Aggregation with independent works">
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ae0b00
        <title>Aggregation with independent works</title>
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        <para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with
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        <quote>aggregate</quote> if the copyright resulting from the
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        <para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 
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        linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> is applicable to these
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        half of the entire aggregate, the Document's 
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        linkend="cover-texts" /> may be placed on covers that bracket
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        the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
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        equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
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        Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the
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        whole aggregate.</para>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-9" xreflabel="Translations">
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        <title>Translations</title>
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        <para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you
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        <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />with translations
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        you may include translations of some or all 
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        linkend="invariant-sections" /> in addition to the original
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        versions of these <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />.  You
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        may include a translation of this License, and all the license
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        notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,
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        (section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-2" />) will
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-10" xreflabel="Tremination">
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        <title>Termination</title>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-11" xreflabel="Future Revisions of this License">
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        <title>Future Revisions of this License</title>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-12" xreflabel="How to use this License for your documents">
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<programlisting>
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Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
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document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
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Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
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Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
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no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation License</quote>.
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        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />,
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        Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the
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        <quote>with...Texts</quote>.  line with this:</para>
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b857e0
<programlisting>
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with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
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Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
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LIST.
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</programlisting>
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facc42
        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />
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        without <xref linkend="cover-texts" />, or some other
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        combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit
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        the situation.</para>
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        <para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
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        code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under
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        your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General
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        Public License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
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ae0b00
    </sect1>
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e935c3
</appendix>