Blame Manuals/Filesystem/filesystem-latex/Licenses/gfdl.tex

4c79b5
% Verbatim copy of GNU Free Documentation License. The License under
4c79b5
% which this document is released.
4c79b5
\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License}
4c79b5
\hypertarget{cha:Licenses:GFDL}{}
4c79b5
\label{cha:Licenses:GFDL}
4c79b5
4c79b5
Version 1.2, November 2002
4c79b5
\\
4c79b5
\\
4c79b5
Copyright \copyright\ 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  
4c79b5
\\
4c79b5
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
4c79b5
\\
4c79b5
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
4c79b5
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section*{Preamble}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-0}
4c79b5
4c79b5
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
4c79b5
functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to
4c79b5
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
4c79b5
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
4c79b5
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
4c79b5
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
4c79b5
for modifications made by others.
4c79b5
4c79b5
This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
4c79b5
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
4c79b5
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
4c79b5
license designed for free software.
4c79b5
4c79b5
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
4c79b5
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
4c79b5
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
4c79b5
software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
4c79b5
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
4c79b5
whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
4c79b5
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Applicability And Definitions}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-1}
4c79b5
4c79b5
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
4c79b5
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
4c79b5
distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
4c79b5
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
4c79b5
work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
4c79b5
refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
4c79b5
licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
4c79b5
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
4c79b5
under copyright law.
4c79b5
4c79b5
A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
4c79b5
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
4c79b5
modifications and/or translated into another language.
4c79b5
4c79b5
A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
4c79b5
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
4c79b5
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
4c79b5
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
4c79b5
directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
4c79b5
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
4c79b5
any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
4c79b5
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
4c79b5
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
4c79b5
them.
4c79b5
4c79b5
The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
4c79b5
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
4c79b5
that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
4c79b5
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
4c79b5
allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
4c79b5
Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
4c79b5
Sections then there are none.
4c79b5
4c79b5
The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
4c79b5
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
4c79b5
the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
4c79b5
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
4c79b5
4c79b5
A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
4c79b5
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
4c79b5
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
4c79b5
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
4c79b5
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
4c79b5
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
4c79b5
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
4c79b5
to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
4c79b5
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
4c79b5
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
4c79b5
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
4c79b5
of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
4c79b5
4c79b5
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
4c79b5
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, \LaTeX\ input format, SGML
4c79b5
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
4c79b5
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
4c79b5
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
4c79b5
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
4c79b5
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
4c79b5
processing tools are not generally available, and the
4c79b5
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
4c79b5
processors for output purposes only.
4c79b5
4c79b5
The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
4c79b5
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
4c79b5
this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
4c79b5
formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
4c79b5
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
4c79b5
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
4c79b5
4c79b5
A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
4c79b5
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
4c79b5
text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
4c79b5
specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
4c79b5
``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the
4c79b5
Title'' of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
4c79b5
remains a section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
4c79b5
4c79b5
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
4c79b5
states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
4c79b5
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
4c79b5
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
4c79b5
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
4c79b5
no effect on the meaning of this License.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Verbatim Copying}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-2}
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
4c79b5
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
4c79b5
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
4c79b5
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
4c79b5
other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
4c79b5
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
4c79b5
copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
4c79b5
compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
4c79b5
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section
4c79b5
\ref{sec:License-GFDL-3}.
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
4c79b5
you may publicly display copies.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Copying In Quantity}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-3}
4c79b5
4c79b5
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
4c79b5
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
4c79b5
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
4c79b5
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
4c79b5
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
4c79b5
the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
4c79b5
you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
4c79b5
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
4c79b5
visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
4c79b5
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
4c79b5
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
4c79b5
as verbatim copying in other respects.
4c79b5
4c79b5
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
4c79b5
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
4c79b5
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
4c79b5
pages.
4c79b5
4c79b5
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
4c79b5
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
4c79b5
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
4c79b5
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
4c79b5
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
4c79b5
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
4c79b5
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
4c79b5
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
4c79b5
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
4c79b5
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
4c79b5
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
4c79b5
edition to the public.
4c79b5
4c79b5
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
4c79b5
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
4c79b5
give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
4c79b5
Document.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Modifications}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-4}
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
4c79b5
the conditions of sections \ref{sec:License-GFDL-2} and
4c79b5
\ref{sec:License-GFDL-3} above, provided that you release the Modified
4c79b5
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
4c79b5
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
4c79b5
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of
4c79b5
it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
4c79b5
4c79b5
\begin{itemize}
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [A.] Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
4c79b5
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
4c79b5
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
4c79b5
section of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous
4c79b5
version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [B.] List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
4c79b5
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
4c79b5
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors
4c79b5
of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than
4c79b5
five), unless they release you from this requirement.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [C.] State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
4c79b5
Modified Version, as the publisher.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [D.] Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [E.] Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
4c79b5
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [F.] Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
4c79b5
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under
4c79b5
the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [G.] Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
4c79b5
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
4c79b5
notice.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [H.] Include an unaltered copy of this License.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [I.] Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its
4c79b5
Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
4c79b5
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
4c79b5
Page.  If there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document,
4c79b5
create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
4c79b5
Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
4c79b5
Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [J.] Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
4c79b5
Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
4c79b5
likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
4c79b5
versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History''
4c79b5
section.  You may omit a network location for a work that was
4c79b5
published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
4c79b5
original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [K.] For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or
4c79b5
``Dedications'', Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in
4c79b5
the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
4c79b5
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [L.] Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
4c79b5
unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the
4c79b5
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [M.] Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a
4c79b5
section may not be included in the Modified Version.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [N.] Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
4c79b5
``Endorsements'' or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\item [O.] Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
4c79b5
\end{itemize}
4c79b5
4c79b5
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
4c79b5
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
4c79b5
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
4c79b5
of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
4c79b5
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
4c79b5
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
4c79b5
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
4c79b5
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
4c79b5
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
4c79b5
standard.
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
4c79b5
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
4c79b5
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
4c79b5
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
4c79b5
through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
4c79b5
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
4c79b5
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
4c79b5
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
4c79b5
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
4c79b5
4c79b5
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
4c79b5
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
4c79b5
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Combining Documents}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-5}
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
4c79b5
License, under the terms defined in section \ref{sec:License-GFDL-4}
4c79b5
above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
4c79b5
combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original
4c79b5
documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
4c79b5
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
4c79b5
Warranty Disclaimers.
4c79b5
4c79b5
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
4c79b5
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
4c79b5
copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
4c79b5
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
4c79b5
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
4c79b5
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
4c79b5
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
4c79b5
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
4c79b5
4c79b5
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
4c79b5
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
4c79b5
``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled
4c79b5
``Acknowledgements'',
4c79b5
and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all sections
4c79b5
Entitled ``Endorsements''.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Collections Of Documents}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-6}
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
4c79b5
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
4c79b5
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
4c79b5
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
4c79b5
of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
4c79b5
other respects.
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
4c79b5
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
4c79b5
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
4c79b5
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
4c79b5
document.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Aggregation With Independent Works}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-7}
4c79b5
4c79b5
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
4c79b5
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
4c79b5
distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
4c79b5
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
4c79b5
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
4c79b5
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
4c79b5
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
4c79b5
derivative works of the Document.
4c79b5
4c79b5
If the Cover Text requirement of section \ref{sec:License-GFDL-3} is
4c79b5
applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is
4c79b5
less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
4c79b5
may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the
4c79b5
aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is
4c79b5
in electronic form.  Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that
4c79b5
bracket the whole aggregate.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Translation}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-8}
4c79b5
4c79b5
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
4c79b5
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4c79b5
\ref{sec:License-GFDL-4}.  Replacing Invariant Sections with
4c79b5
translations requires special permission from their copyright holders,
4c79b5
but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in
4c79b5
addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You
4c79b5
may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices
4c79b5
in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
4c79b5
include the original English version of this License and the original
4c79b5
versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement
4c79b5
between the translation and the original version of this License or a
4c79b5
notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
4c79b5
4c79b5
If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
4c79b5
``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section
4c79b5
\ref{sec:License-GFDL-4}) to Preserve its Title (section
4c79b5
\ref{sec:License-GFDL-1}) will typically require changing the actual
4c79b5
title.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Termination}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-9}
4c79b5
4c79b5
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
4c79b5
except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other
4c79b5
attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
4c79b5
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
4c79b5
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
4c79b5
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
4c79b5
parties remain in full compliance.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{Future Revisions Of This License}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-10}
4c79b5
4c79b5
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
4c79b5
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new versions
4c79b5
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
4c79b5
detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
4c79b5
\url{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
4c79b5
4c79b5
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
4c79b5
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
4c79b5
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
4c79b5
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
4c79b5
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
4c79b5
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
4c79b5
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
4c79b5
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
4c79b5
4c79b5
\section{How to use this License for your documents}
4c79b5
\label{sec:License-GFDL-11}
4c79b5
4c79b5
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
4c79b5
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
4c79b5
license notices just after the title page:
4c79b5
4c79b5
\begin{verbatim}
4c79b5
   Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
4c79b5
4c79b5
   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
4c79b5
   document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
4c79b5
   Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
4c79b5
   Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts,
4c79b5
   and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in
4c79b5
   the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
4c79b5
\end{verbatim}
4c79b5
4c79b5
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
4c79b5
Texts, replace the ``with...Texts''. line with this:
4c79b5
4c79b5
\begin{verbatim}
4c79b5
   with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
4c79b5
   Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
4c79b5
   being LIST.
4c79b5
\end{verbatim}
4c79b5
4c79b5
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
4c79b5
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
4c79b5
situation.
4c79b5
4c79b5
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
4c79b5
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
4c79b5
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
4c79b5
permit their use in free software.
4c79b5