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<appendix id="licenses-gfdl">
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    <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
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    <para>Version 1.2, November 2002</para>
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    <para>Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,
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    Inc.  675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</para>
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    <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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    of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-1" xreflabel="Preamble">
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        <title>Preamble</title>
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        <para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual,
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        textbook, or other functional and useful document
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        <quote>free</quote> in the sense of freedom: to assure
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        everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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        with or without modifying it, either commercially or
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        noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
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        author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while
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        not being considered responsible for modifications made by
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        others.</para>
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        <para>This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which
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        means that derivative works of the document must themselves be
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        free in the same sense.  It complements the 
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        linkend="licenses-gfdl" />, which is a copyleft license
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        designed for free software.</para>
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        <para>We have designed this License in order to use it for
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        manuals for free software, because free software needs free
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        documentation: a free program should come with manuals
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        providing the same freedoms that the software does.  But this
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        License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
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        any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it
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        is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
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        principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
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        reference.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-2" xreflabel="Applicability and definitions">
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        <title>Applicability and definitions</title>
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        <para>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any
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        medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
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        saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.
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        Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license,
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        unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions
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        stated herein.  The <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to
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        any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
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        licensee, and is addressed as <quote>you</quote>.  You accept
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        the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
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        way requiring permission under copyright law.</para>
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        <para id="modified-version" xreflabel="Modified Version">A
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        <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
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        containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
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        verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
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        language.</para>
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        <para id="secondary-section" xreflabel="Secondary Section">A
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        <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
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        front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively
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        with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
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        Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
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        matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
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        that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
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        textbook of mathematics, a 
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        /> may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be
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        a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
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        related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
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        ethical or political position regarding them.</para>
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        Sections">The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain
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        <xref linkend="secondary-section" /> whose titles are
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        designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
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        notice that says that the Document is released under this
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        License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of
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        Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as
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        Invariant.  The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.
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        If the Document does not identify any Invariant Section then
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        there are none.</para>
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        <para id="cover-texts" xreflabel="Cover Texts">The
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        <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of text
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        that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in
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        the notice that says that the Document is released under this
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        License.  A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a
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        Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.</para>
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        <para id="transparent" xreflabel="Transparent">A
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        <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the Document means a
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        machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
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        specification is available to the general public, that is
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        suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
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        generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels)
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        generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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        drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
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        formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
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        formats suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in
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        an otherwise <xref linkend="transparent" /> file format whose
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        markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or
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        discourage subsequent modification by readers is not 
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        linkend="transparent" />.  An image format is not 
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        linkend="transparent" /> if used for any substantial amount of
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        text.  A copy that is not <quote>
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        /></quote> is called <quote>Opaque</quote>.</para>
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        <para>Examples of suitable formats for <xref linkend="transparent" /> copies
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        include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format,
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        LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
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        DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF
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        designed for human modification.  Examples of transparent
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        image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
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        include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
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        by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
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        and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
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        machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some
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        word processors for output purposes only.</para>
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        <para id="title-page" xreflabel="Title Page">The <quote>Title
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        Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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        plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
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        material this License requires to appear in the title page.
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        For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
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        <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the most
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        prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
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        beginning of the body of the text.</para>
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        <para>A section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> means a named
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        subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or
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        contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ
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        in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
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        name mentioned below, such as <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
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        <quote>Dedications</quote>, <quote>Endorsements</quote>, or
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        <quote>History</quote>.) To <quote>Preserve the Title</quote>
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        of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
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        remains a section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> according to
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        this definition.</para>
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        <para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to
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        the notice which states that this License applies to the
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        Document.  These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be
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        included by reference in this License, but only as regards
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        disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
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        Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
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        meaning of this License.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-3" xreflabel="Verbatim copying">
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        <title>Verbatim copying</title>
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        <para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
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        either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
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        License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying
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        this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all
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        copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
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        those of this License.  You may not use technical measures to
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        obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
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        copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
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        compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a
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        large enough number of copies you must also follow the
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        conditions in section 
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        />.</para>
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        <para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions
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        stated above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-4" xreflabel="Copying in quantity">
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        <title>Copying in quantity</title>
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        <para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
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        commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more
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        than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover
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        Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
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        clearly and legibly, all these <xref linkend="cover-texts" />:
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        Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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        the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly
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        identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The front
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        cover must present the full title with all words of the title
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        equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on
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        the covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the
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        covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
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        satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
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        in other respects.</para>
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        <para>If the required texts for either cover are too
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        voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones
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        listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and
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        continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
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        <para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the
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        Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a
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        machine-readable <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy along with each Opaque copy,
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        or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
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        location from which the general network-using public has
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        access to download using public-standard network protocols a
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        complete <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, free of added
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        material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
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        reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of
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        Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this <xref linkend="transparent" />
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        copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
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        at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
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        copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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        edition to the public.</para>
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        <para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
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        authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
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        number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
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        updated version of the Document.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-5" xreflabel="Modification">
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        <title>Modifications</title>
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        <para>You may copy and distribute a 
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        linkend="modified-version" /> of the Document under the
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        conditions of sections 
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        /> and <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> above,
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        provided that you release the 
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        /> under precisely this License, with the 
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        linkend="modified-version" /> filling the role of the
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        Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
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        <xref linkend="modified-version" /> to whoever possesses a
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        copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the
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        <xref linkend="modified-version" />:
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        <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Use in the <xref linkend="title-page" /> (and on
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                the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
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                Document, and from those of previous versions (which
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                should, if there were any, be listed in the History
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                section of the Document).  You may use the same title
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                as a previous version if the original publisher of
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                that version gives permission.</para> </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>List on the <xref linkend="title-page" />, as
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                authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
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                for authorship of the modifications in the 
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                linkend="modified-version" />, together with at least
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                five of the principal authors of the Document (all of
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                its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
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                unless they release you from this requirement.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>State on the <xref linkend="title-page" /> the
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                name of the publisher of the 
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                linkend="modified-version" />, as the
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                publisher.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve all the copyright notices of the
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                Document.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
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                modifications adjacent to the other copyright
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                notices.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Include, immediately after the copyright
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                notices, a license notice giving the public permission
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                to use the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> under the terms of this
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                License, in the form shown in the Addendum
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                below.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve in that license notice the full lists
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                of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> and required
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                <xref linkend="cover-texts" /> given in the Document's
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                license notice.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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              <para>Preserve the section Entitled
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              <quote>History</quote>, Preserve its Title, and add to
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              it an item stating at least the title, year, new
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              authors, and publisher of the 
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              linkend="modified-version" /> as given on the 
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              linkend="title-page" />.  If there is no section
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              Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the Document, create
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              one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of
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              the Document as given on its 
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              />, then add an item describing the 
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              linkend="modified-version" /> as stated in the previous
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              sentence.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve the network location, if any, given in
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                the Document for public access to a 
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                linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, and
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                likewise the network locations given in the Document
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                for previous versions it was based on.  These may be
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                placed in the <quote>History</quote> section.  You may
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                omit a network location for a work that was published
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                at least four years before the Document itself, or if
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                the original publisher of the version it refers to
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                gives permission.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>For any section Entitled
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                <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
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                <quote>Dedications</quote>, Preserve the Title of the
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                section, and preserve in the section all the substance
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                and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
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                and/or dedications given therein.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve all the 
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                linkend="invariant-sections" /> of the Document,
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                unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section
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                numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of
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                the section titles.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Delete any section Entitled
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                <quote>Endorsements</quote>.  Such a section may not
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                be included in the <xref linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
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            </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Do not retitle any existing section to be
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                Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in
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                title with any 
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                />.</para> </listitem>
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            <listitem>
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                <para>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
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            </listitem>
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        </orderedlist>
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        </para>
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        <para>If the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> includes new
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        front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as 
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        linkend="secondary-section" /> and contain no material copied
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        from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
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        all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
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        titles to the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> in the 
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        linkend="modified-version" />'s license notice.  These titles
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        must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
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        <para>You may add a section Entitled
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        <quote>Endorsements</quote>, provided it contains nothing but
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        endorsements of your <xref linkend="modified-version" /> by various
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        parties–for example, statements of peer review or that
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        the text has been approved by an organization as the
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        authoritative definition of a standard.</para>
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        <para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a
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        Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a
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        Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of 
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        linkend="cover-texts"/> in the 
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        linkend="modified-version" />.  Only one passage of
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        Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by
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        (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the
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        Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
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        previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
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        entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
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        but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from
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        the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
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        <para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
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        this License give permission to use their names for publicity
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        for or to assert or imply endorsement of any 
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        linkend="modified-version" />.</para>
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    </sect1>
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    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-6" xreflabel="Combining documents">
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        <title>Combining documents</title>
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        <para>You may combine the Document with other documents
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        released under this License, under the terms defined in
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        section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" /> above for
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        modified versions, provided that you include in the
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        combination all of the <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of
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        all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all
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        as <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of your combined work
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        in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
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        Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
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        <para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
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        License, and multiple identical 
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        linkend="invariant-sections"/> may be replaced with a single
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        copy.  If there are multiple 
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        linkend="invariant-sections" /> with the same name but
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        different contents, make the title of each such section unique
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        by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
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        original author or publisher of that section if known, or else
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        a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section
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        titles in the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> in
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        the license notice of the combined work.</para>
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2cffc4
        <para>In the combination, you must combine any sections
2cffc4
        Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the various original
2cffc4
        documents, forming one section Entitled
2cffc4
        <quote>History</quote>; likewise combine any sections Entitled
2cffc4
        <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, and any sections Entitled
2cffc4
        <quote>Dedications</quote>.  You must delete all sections
2cffc4
        Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>.</para>
2cffc4
    
2cffc4
    </sect1>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-7" xreflabel="Collection of documents">
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <title>Collection of documents</title>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
2cffc4
        other documents released under this License, and replace the
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        individual copies of this License in the various documents
2cffc4
        with a single copy that is included in the collection,
2cffc4
        provided that you follow the rules of this License for
2cffc4
        verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
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        respects.</para>
2cffc4
    
2cffc4
        <para>You may extract a single document from such a
2cffc4
        collection, and distribute it individually under this License,
2cffc4
        provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
2cffc4
        document, and follow this License in all other respects
2cffc4
        regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>
2cffc4
    
2cffc4
    </sect1>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-8" xreflabel="Aggregation with independent works">
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <title>Aggregation with independent works</title>
2cffc4
    
2cffc4
        <para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with
2cffc4
        other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
2cffc4
        volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
2cffc4
        <quote>aggregate</quote> if the copyright resulting from the
2cffc4
        compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
2cffc4
        compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
2cffc4
        When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License
2cffc4
        does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
2cffc4
        not themselves derivative works of the Document.</para>
2cffc4
    
2cffc4
        <para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 
2cffc4
        linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> is applicable to these
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        copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
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        half of the entire aggregate, the Document's 
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        linkend="cover-texts" /> may be placed on covers that bracket
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        the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
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        equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
2cffc4
        Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the
2cffc4
        whole aggregate.</para>
2cffc4
    
2cffc4
    </sect1>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-9" xreflabel="Translations">
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <title>Translations</title>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you
2cffc4
        may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of
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        section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5"/>.  Replacing
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        <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />with translations
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        requires special permission from their copyright holders, but
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        you may include translations of some or all 
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        linkend="invariant-sections" /> in addition to the original
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        versions of these <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />.  You
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        may include a translation of this License, and all the license
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        notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,
2cffc4
        provided that you also include the original English version of
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        this License and the original versions of those notices and
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        disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between the
2cffc4
        translation and the original version of this License or a
2cffc4
        notice or disclaimer, the original version will
2cffc4
        prevail.</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>If a section in the Document is Entitled
2cffc4
        <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, <quote>Dedications</quote>,
2cffc4
        or <quote>History</quote>, the requirement (section 
2cffc4
        linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" />) to Preserve its Title
2cffc4
        (section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-2" />) will
2cffc4
        typically require changing the actual title.</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    </sect1>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-10" xreflabel="Tremination">
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <title>Termination</title>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
2cffc4
        Document except as expressly provided for under this License.
2cffc4
        Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute
2cffc4
        the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
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        rights under this License.  However, parties who have received
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        copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
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        their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
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        full compliance.</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    </sect1>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-11" xreflabel="Future Revisions of this License">
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <title>Future Revisions of this License</title>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
2cffc4
        versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to
2cffc4
        time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
2cffc4
        present version, but may differ in detail to address new
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        problems or concerns.  See 
2cffc4
        url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/" />.</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
2cffc4
        version number.  If the Document specifies that a particular
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        numbered version of this License <quote>or any later
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        version</quote> applies to it, you have the option of
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        following the terms and conditions either of that specified
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        version or of any later version that has been published (not
2cffc4
        as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
2cffc4
        does not specify a version number of this License, you may
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        choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
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        Software Foundation.</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    </sect1>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-12" xreflabel="How to use this License for your documents">
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <title>How to use this License for your documents</title>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>To use this License in a document you have written,
2cffc4
        include a copy of the License in the document and put the
2cffc4
        following copyright and license notices just after the title
2cffc4
        page:</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
<programlisting>
2cffc4
Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
2cffc4
2cffc4
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
2cffc4
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
2cffc4
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
2cffc4
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
2cffc4
no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
2cffc4
section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation License</quote>.
2cffc4
</programlisting>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />,
2cffc4
        Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the
2cffc4
        <quote>with...Texts</quote>.  line with this:</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
<programlisting>
2cffc4
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
2cffc4
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
2cffc4
LIST.
2cffc4
</programlisting>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />
2cffc4
        without <xref linkend="cover-texts" />, or some other
2cffc4
        combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit
2cffc4
        the situation.</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
        <para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
2cffc4
        code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under
2cffc4
        your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General
2cffc4
        Public License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
2cffc4
2cffc4
    </sect1>
2cffc4
2cffc4
</appendix>