<appendix id="licenses-gfdl">

    <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>

    <para>Version 1.2, November 2002</para>

    <para>Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation,

    Inc.  675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</para>

    <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies

    of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-1" xreflabel="Preamble">

        <title>Preamble</title>

        <para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual,

        textbook, or other functional and useful document

        <quote>free</quote> in the sense of freedom: to assure

        everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,

        with or without modifying it, either commercially or

        noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the

        author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while

        not being considered responsible for modifications made by

        others.</para>

        <para>This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which

        means that derivative works of the document must themselves be

        free in the same sense.  It complements the 

        linkend="licenses-gfdl" />, which is a copyleft license

        designed for free software.</para>

        <para>We have designed this License in order to use it for

        manuals for free software, because free software needs free

        documentation: a free program should come with manuals

        providing the same freedoms that the software does.  But this

        License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for

        any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it

        is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License

        principally for works whose purpose is instruction or

        reference.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-2" xreflabel="Applicability and definitions">

        <title>Applicability and definitions</title>

        <para>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any

        medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder

        saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.

        Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license,

        unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions

        stated herein.  The <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to

        any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a

        licensee, and is addressed as <quote>you</quote>.  You accept

        the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a

        way requiring permission under copyright law.</para>

        <para id="modified-version" xreflabel="Modified Version">A

        <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work

        containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied

        verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another

        language.</para>

        <para id="secondary-section" xreflabel="Secondary Section">A

        <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a

        front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively

        with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the

        Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related

        matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within

        that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a

        textbook of mathematics, a 

        /> may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be

        a matter of historical connection with the subject or with

        related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,

        ethical or political position regarding them.</para>

        Sections">The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain

        <xref linkend="secondary-section" /> whose titles are

        designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the

        notice that says that the Document is released under this

        License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of

        Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as

        Invariant.  The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.

        If the Document does not identify any Invariant Section then

        there are none.</para>

        <para id="cover-texts" xreflabel="Cover Texts">The

        <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of text

        that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in

        the notice that says that the Document is released under this

        License.  A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a

        Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.</para>

        <para id="transparent" xreflabel="Transparent">A

        <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the Document means a

        machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose

        specification is available to the general public, that is

        suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with

        generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels)

        generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available

        drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text

        formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of

        formats suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in

        an otherwise <xref linkend="transparent" /> file format whose

        markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or

        discourage subsequent modification by readers is not 

        linkend="transparent" />.  An image format is not 

        linkend="transparent" /> if used for any substantial amount of

        text.  A copy that is not <quote>

        /></quote> is called <quote>Opaque</quote>.</para>

        <para>Examples of suitable formats for <xref linkend="transparent" /> copies

        include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format,

        LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available

        DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF

        designed for human modification.  Examples of transparent

        image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats

        include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only

        by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD

        and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the

        machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some

        word processors for output purposes only.</para>

        <para id="title-page" xreflabel="Title Page">The <quote>Title

        Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the title page itself,

        plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the

        material this License requires to appear in the title page.

        For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,

        <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the most

        prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the

        beginning of the body of the text.</para>

        <para>A section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> means a named

        subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or

        contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ

        in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a specific section

        name mentioned below, such as <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,

        <quote>Dedications</quote>, <quote>Endorsements</quote>, or

        <quote>History</quote>.) To <quote>Preserve the Title</quote>

        of such a section when you modify the Document means that it

        remains a section <quote>Entitled XYZ</quote> according to

        this definition.</para>

        <para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to

        the notice which states that this License applies to the

        Document.  These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be

        included by reference in this License, but only as regards

        disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these

        Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the

        meaning of this License.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-3" xreflabel="Verbatim copying">

        <title>Verbatim copying</title>

        <para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,

        either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this

        License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying

        this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all

        copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to

        those of this License.  You may not use technical measures to

        obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the

        copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept

        compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a

        large enough number of copies you must also follow the

        conditions in section 

        />.</para>

        <para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions

        stated above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-4" xreflabel="Copying in quantity">

        <title>Copying in quantity</title>

        <para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that

        commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more

        than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover

        Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,

        clearly and legibly, all these <xref linkend="cover-texts" />:

        Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on

        the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly

        identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The front

        cover must present the full title with all words of the title

        equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on

        the covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the

        covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and

        satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying

        in other respects.</para>

        <para>If the required texts for either cover are too

        voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones

        listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and

        continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>

        <para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the

        Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a

        machine-readable <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy along with each Opaque copy,

        or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network

        location from which the general network-using public has

        access to download using public-standard network protocols a

        complete <xref linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, free of added

        material.  If you use the latter option, you must take

        reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of

        Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this <xref linkend="transparent" />

        copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until

        at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque

        copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that

        edition to the public.</para>

        <para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the

        authors of the Document well before redistributing any large

        number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an

        updated version of the Document.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-5" xreflabel="Modification">

        <title>Modifications</title>

        <para>

            You may copy and distribute a 

            linkend="modified-version" /> of the Document under the

            conditions of sections 

            linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-3" /> and 

            linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> above, provided that

            you release the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> under

            precisely this License, with the 

            linkend="modified-version" /> filling the role of the

            Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of

            the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> to whoever

            possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these

            things in the <xref linkend="modified-version" />:

        </para>

        <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">

            <listitem>

                <para>Use in the <xref linkend="title-page" /> (and on

                the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the

                Document, and from those of previous versions (which

                should, if there were any, be listed in the History

                section of the Document).  You may use the same title

                as a previous version if the original publisher of

                that version gives permission.</para> </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>List on the <xref linkend="title-page" />, as

                authors, one or more persons or entities responsible

                for authorship of the modifications in the 

                linkend="modified-version" />, together with at least

                five of the principal authors of the Document (all of

                its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),

                unless they release you from this requirement.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>State on the <xref linkend="title-page" /> the

                name of the publisher of the 

                linkend="modified-version" />, as the

                publisher.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Preserve all the copyright notices of the

                Document.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your

                modifications adjacent to the other copyright

                notices.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Include, immediately after the copyright

                notices, a license notice giving the public permission

                to use the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> under the terms of this

                License, in the form shown in the Addendum

                below.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Preserve in that license notice the full lists

                of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> and required

                <xref linkend="cover-texts" /> given in the Document's

                license notice.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

              <para>Preserve the section Entitled

              <quote>History</quote>, Preserve its Title, and add to

              it an item stating at least the title, year, new

              authors, and publisher of the 

              linkend="modified-version" /> as given on the 

              linkend="title-page" />.  If there is no section

              Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the Document, create

              one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of

              the Document as given on its 

              />, then add an item describing the 

              linkend="modified-version" /> as stated in the previous

              sentence.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Preserve the network location, if any, given in

                the Document for public access to a 

                linkend="transparent" /> copy of the Document, and

                likewise the network locations given in the Document

                for previous versions it was based on.  These may be

                placed in the <quote>History</quote> section.  You may

                omit a network location for a work that was published

                at least four years before the Document itself, or if

                the original publisher of the version it refers to

                gives permission.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>For any section Entitled

                <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or

                <quote>Dedications</quote>, Preserve the Title of the

                section, and preserve in the section all the substance

                and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements

                and/or dedications given therein.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Preserve all the 

                linkend="invariant-sections" /> of the Document,

                unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section

                numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of

                the section titles.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Delete any section Entitled

                <quote>Endorsements</quote>.  Such a section may not

                be included in the <xref linkend="modified-version" />.</para>

            </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Do not retitle any existing section to be

                Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in

                title with any 

                />.</para> </listitem>

            <listitem>

                <para>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</para>

            </listitem>

        </orderedlist>

        <para>

            If the <xref linkend="modified-version" /> includes new

            front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as 

            linkend="secondary-section" /> and contain no material

            copied from the Document, you may at your option designate

            some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this,

            add their titles to the list of 

            linkend="invariant-sections"/> in the 

            linkend="modified-version" />'s license notice.  These

            titles must be distinct from any other section

            titles.

        </para>

        <para>

            You may add a section Entitled

            <quote>Endorsements</quote>, provided it contains nothing

            but endorsements of your 

            /> by various parties–for example, statements of

            peer review or that the text has been approved by an

            organization as the authoritative definition of a

            standard.

        </para>

        <para>

            You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover

            Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover

            Text, to the end of the list of 

            linkend="cover-texts"/> in the 

            linkend="modified-version" />.  Only one passage of

            Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added

            by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If

            the Document already includes a cover text for the same

            cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by

            the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not

            add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit

            permission from the previous publisher that added the old

            one.

        </para>

        <para>

            The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by

            this License give permission to use their names for

            publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any

            <xref linkend="modified-version" />.

        </para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-6" xreflabel="Combining documents">

        <title>Combining documents</title>

        <para>You may combine the Document with other documents

        released under this License, under the terms defined in

        section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" /> above for

        modified versions, provided that you include in the

        combination all of the <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of

        all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all

        as <xref linkend="invariant-sections"/> of your combined work

        in its license notice, and that you preserve all their

        Warranty Disclaimers.</para>

        <para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this

        License, and multiple identical 

        linkend="invariant-sections"/> may be replaced with a single

        copy.  If there are multiple 

        linkend="invariant-sections" /> with the same name but

        different contents, make the title of each such section unique

        by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the

        original author or publisher of that section if known, or else

        a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section

        titles in the list of <xref linkend="invariant-sections" /> in

        the license notice of the combined work.</para>

        <para>In the combination, you must combine any sections

        Entitled <quote>History</quote> in the various original

        documents, forming one section Entitled

        <quote>History</quote>; likewise combine any sections Entitled

        <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, and any sections Entitled

        <quote>Dedications</quote>.  You must delete all sections

        Entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-7" xreflabel="Collection of documents">

        <title>Collection of documents</title>

        <para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and

        other documents released under this License, and replace the

        individual copies of this License in the various documents

        with a single copy that is included in the collection,

        provided that you follow the rules of this License for

        verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other

        respects.</para>

        <para>You may extract a single document from such a

        collection, and distribute it individually under this License,

        provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted

        document, and follow this License in all other respects

        regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-8" xreflabel="Aggregation with independent works">

        <title>Aggregation with independent works</title>

        <para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with

        other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a

        volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an

        <quote>aggregate</quote> if the copyright resulting from the

        compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the

        compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.

        When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License

        does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are

        not themselves derivative works of the Document.</para>

        <para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 

        linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-4" /> is applicable to these

        copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one

        half of the entire aggregate, the Document's 

        linkend="cover-texts" /> may be placed on covers that bracket

        the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic

        equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.

        Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the

        whole aggregate.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-9" xreflabel="Translations">

        <title>Translations</title>

        <para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you

        may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of

        section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5"/>.  Replacing

        <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />with translations

        requires special permission from their copyright holders, but

        you may include translations of some or all 

        linkend="invariant-sections" /> in addition to the original

        versions of these <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />.  You

        may include a translation of this License, and all the license

        notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,

        provided that you also include the original English version of

        this License and the original versions of those notices and

        disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between the

        translation and the original version of this License or a

        notice or disclaimer, the original version will

        prevail.</para>

        <para>If a section in the Document is Entitled

        <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, <quote>Dedications</quote>,

        or <quote>History</quote>, the requirement (section 

        linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-5" />) to Preserve its Title

        (section <xref linkend="licenses-gfdl-section-2" />) will

        typically require changing the actual title.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-10" xreflabel="Tremination">

        <title>Termination</title>

        <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the

        Document except as expressly provided for under this License.

        Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute

        the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your

        rights under this License.  However, parties who have received

        copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have

        their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in

        full compliance.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-11" xreflabel="Future Revisions of this License">

        <title>Future Revisions of this License</title>

        <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised

        versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to

        time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the

        present version, but may differ in detail to address new

        problems or concerns.  See 

        url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/" />.</para>

        <para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing

        version number.  If the Document specifies that a particular

        numbered version of this License <quote>or any later

        version</quote> applies to it, you have the option of

        following the terms and conditions either of that specified

        version or of any later version that has been published (not

        as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document

        does not specify a version number of this License, you may

        choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free

        Software Foundation.</para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="licenses-gfdl-section-12" xreflabel="How to use this License for your documents">

        <title>How to use this License for your documents</title>

        <para>To use this License in a document you have written,

        include a copy of the License in the document and put the

        following copyright and license notices just after the title

        page:</para>

<screen>

Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this

document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,

Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software

Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and

no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the

section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation License</quote>.

</screen>

        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />,

        Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the

        <quote>with...Texts</quote>.  line with this:</para>

<screen>

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the

Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being

LIST.

</screen>

        <para>If you have <xref linkend="invariant-sections" />

        without <xref linkend="cover-texts" />, or some other

        combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit

        the situation.</para>

        <para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program

        code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under

        your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General

        Public License, to permit their use in free software.</para>

    </sect1>

</appendix>